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Old books are in acres, new ones in hectares, and field maps in acres. Learn both. A hectare is about 2.5 acres, which is close enough for a rough job but not for a rent calculation.

The acid does the preserving. If you cannot get a 5% vinegar, make a brine pickle instead. See Kraut And Kimchi.

For converting the old imperial yields into today's tonnes a hectare, and for reading the old books on the shelf. A bushel is a volume, so the weight depends on the crop.

Soil, water, antacids and preserves. A change of one unit is ten times more or less acid, which is why a small pH change matters so much. See Soil Ph And Lime.

Double acting powder works twice, once in the mix and once in the oven, so it is more forgiving. Do not mix baking powder and bicarbonate of soda together.

The force needed to move a mass. The tractor pulling a trailer, the ramp lifting a load, a horse pulling a plough. Double the mass and you double the force, for the same acceleration.

How well a process actually ran. A lime neutralisation that only reaches 80% means you need more lime than the label says.

Average feed analysis across different batches, average yield across fields of different sizes, average price across different volumes sold.

The only way to compare two crops, or two fields, fairly. Divide the whole year's cost by the area, not just the variable bits.

For a sprayer that does not deliver its rated volume, a scale that reads light, or a soil test that is out by a tenth of a point. Know the error and you can correct for it.

Every time you mix a concentrate with water, for a spray, a disinfectant or a test solution. Always add the concentrate to the water, never the other way round.

How a milk, a must, or a soil stays at a steady pH while things are added to it. A brine is a buffer, and so is the lime in a soil.

For working out the strength of a bought solution, and for checking a soil or water test against the method. The end point is the colour change, so get it right before you read the burette.

Why a door jams in a wet winter, why a solid wooden worktop cups, and why a gate needs a gap. Plan for the movement.

Drying grain, hay, curing concrete and judging spray conditions.

Total opposition to alternating current in motors, pumps and long cable runs.

Checking a scale, a meter, a yield estimate or a mixing measurement.

What regular savings or reinvested profits accumulate to over time.

Comparing costs or savings across years after inflation. A higher nominal figure may buy less.

More accurate earthwork volumes than end-area averaging, especially on long cuttings.

Compare a new freezer, a new shed or a flock of sheep against what they actually return each year.

Work out how fast you are actually travelling. A hectare in a day, a round of the field in an afternoon, or whether a load of sheep will get to the market in time.

The single number that tells you if a ration or a system is working. Weigh the animals, do it again in 30 days, and divide.

For making a solution of a known strength, for a lime neutralisation calculation, and for anything where the reaction has to be right rather than roughly right.

The starting point for any electrical fault finding. If the voltage is right and the lamp is dim, the current is low, so the resistance is too high. See Electrical Fault Finding.

For working out what to charge at a gate sale or a market stall, and for seeing which dish actually earns.

Mass is how much there is, weight is how hard it presses. A sack of fertiliser has the same mass everywhere and a different weight on the moon. Lifting power is usually quoted in kilograms, which is really a mass in disguise.

The difference between a saw that cuts along the grain and one that cuts across it. A rip saw has few deep teeth; a crosscut saw has many fine ones.

The stiffness of a material. Steel is nearly twenty times stiffer than oak, which is why a steel frame sags less and lasts longer than a timber one of the same size.

Measure around the chest just behind the front legs (heart girth) and from the point of shoulder to the pin bone (body length), both in centimetres. Square the girth, multiply by length, divide by 300. Best for cattle; less accurate for very fat or very thin stock.

How much compost to barrow across the plot. One wheelbarrow is about 60 litres, so a 10 m2 bed at 5 cm needs about 5 barrows.

The calculation behind a fertiliser plan. Subtract what the soil and the manure already give you, then convert to the product you are actually buying.

The clamp force is what you actually want, and it is torque that gives it. Use a torque wrench on head bolts and wheel nuts, and never a guess on anything that matters.

The basic scheduling method. Multiply the daily water use by the crop stage, take off the rain, and divide by how well your system actually delivers.

For a shed, a fence charger or a small system. Size for the dark weeks of winter, not the bright ones. See Solar And Battery Storage.