A NEW ORCHARD AND GARDEN TEXT

in sacks where they may be bruised. {SN: Carriage of fruit.} When your fruit is gathered, you shall lay them in deepe Baskets of Wicker, which shall containe foure or sixe bushels, and so betweene two men, carry them to your Apple-Loft, and in shooting or laying them downe, be very carefull that it be done with all gentlenesse, and leasure, laying euery sort of fruit seuerall by it selfe: but if there be want of roome hauing so many sorts that you cannot lay them seuerally, then such some fruite as is neerest in taste and colour, and of Winter fruit, such as will taste alike, may if need require, be laid together, and in time you may separate them, as shall bee shewed hereafter. But if your fruit be gathered faire from your Apple-Loft, them must the bottomes of your Baskets be lined with greene Ferne, and draw the stuborne ends of the same through the Basket, that none but the soft leafe may touch the fruit, and likewise couer the tops of the Baskets with Ferne also, and draw small cord ouer it, that the Ferne may not fall away, nor the fruit scatter out, or iogge vp and downe: and thus you may carry fruit by Land or by Water, by Boat, or Cart, as farre as you please: and the Ferne doth not onely keepe them from bruising, but also ripens them, especially Peares. When your fruit is brought to your Apple-Loft or store house, if you finde them not ripened enough, then lay them in thicker heapes vpon Fearne, and couer them with Ferne also: and when they are neere ripe, then vncouer them, and make the heapes thinner, so as the ayre may passe thorow them: and if you will not hasten the ripening of them, then lay them on the boords without any Fearne at all. Now for Winter, or long lasting Peares, they may be packt either in Ferne or Straw, and carried whither you please; and being come to the iourneys end must be laid vpon sweet straw; but beware the roome be not too warme, nor windie, and too cold, for both are hurtfull: but in a temperate place, where they may haue ayre, but not too much. {SN: Of Wardens.} Wardens are to be gathered, carried, packt, and laid as Winter Peares are. {SN: Of Medlers.} Medlers are to be gathered about _Michaelmas_, after a frost hath toucht them; at which time they are in their full growth, and will then be dropping from the tree, but neuer ripe vpon the tree. When they are gathered, they must be laid in a basket, siue, barrell, or any such caske, and wrapt about with woollen cloths, vnder, ouer, and on all sides, and also some waight laid vpon them, with a boord betweene: for except they be brought into a heat, they will neuer ripen kindly or taste well. Now when they haue laine till you thinke some of them be ripe, the ripest, still as they ripen, must be taken from the rest: therefore powre them out into another siue or basket leasurely, that so you may well finde them that be ripest, letting the hard one fall into the other basket, and those which be ripe laid aside: the other that be halfe ripe, seuer also into a third siue or basket: for if the ripe and halfe ripe be kept together, the one will be mouldy, before the other be ripe: And thus doe, till all be throughly ripe. {SN: Of Quinces.} Quinces should not be laid with other fruite; for the sent is offensiue both to other fruite, and to those that keepe the fruite or come amongst them: therefore lay them by themselues vpon sweet strawe, where they may haue ayre enough: they must be packt like Medlers, and gathered with Medlers. {SN: To packe Apples.} Apples must be packt in Wheat or Rye-straw, and in maunds or baskets lyned with the same, and being gently handled, will ripen with such packing and lying together. If seuerall sorts of apples be packt in one maund or basket, then betweene euery sort, lay sweet strawe of a pretty thicknesse. {SN: Emptying and laying apples.} Apples must not be powred out, but with care and leasure: first, the straw pickt cleane from them, and then gently take out euery seuerall sort, and place them by themselues: but if for want of roome you mixe the sorts together, then lay those together that are of equall lasting; but if they haue all one taste, then they need no separation. Apples that are not of the like colours should not be laid together, and if any such be mingled, let it be amended, and those which are first ripe, let them be first spent; and to that end, lay those apples together, that are of one time ripening: and thus you must vse Pippins also, yet will they endure bruises better then other fruit, and whilst they are greene will heale one another. {SN: Difference in Fruit.} Pippins though they grow of one tree, and in one ground, yet some will last better then other some, and some will bee bigger then others of the same kinde, according as they haue more or lesse of the Sunne, or more or lesse of the droppings of the trees or vpper branches: therefore let euery one make most of that fruite which is fairest, and longest lasting. Againe, the largenesse and goodnesse of fruite consists in the age of the tree: for as the tree increaseth, so the fruite increaseth in bignesse, beauty, taste, and firmnesse: and otherwise, as it decreaseth. {SN: Transporting fruit by water.} If you be to transport your fruit farre by water, then prouide some dry hogges-heads or barrells, and packe in your apples, one by one with your hand, that no empty place may be left, to occasion sogging; and you must line your vessell at both ends with fine sweet straw; but not the sides, to auoid heat: and you must bore a dozen holes at either end, to receiue ayre so much the better; and by no meanes let them take wet. Some vse, that transport beyond seas, to shut the fruite vnder hatches vpon straw: but it is not so good, if caske may be gotten. {SN: When not to transport fruit.} It is not good to transport fruite in _March_, when the wind blowes bitterly, nor in frosty weather, neither in the extreme heate of Summer. {SN: To conuay small store of fruit.} If the quantity be small you would carry, then you may carry them in Dossers or Panniers, prouided they be euer filled close, and that Cherries and Peares be lined with greene Fearne, and Apples with sweete straw; and that, but at the bottomes and tops, not on the sides. {SN: Roomes for fruite.} Winter fruite must lye neither too hot, nor too cold; too close, nor too open: for all are offensiue. A lowe roome or Cellar that is sweet, and either boorded or paued, and not too close, is good, from _Christmas_ till _March_: and roomes that are seeled ouer head, and from the ground, are good from _March_ till _May_: then the Cellar againe, from _May_ till _Michaelmas_. The apple loft would be seeled or boorded, which if it want, take the longest Rye-straw, and raise it against the walles, to make a fence as high as the fruite lyeth; and let it be no thicker then to keepe the fruite from the wall, which being moyst, may doe hurt, or if not moist, then the dust is offensiue. {SN: Sorting of Fruit.} There are some fruite which will last but vntill _Allhallontide_: they must be laid by themselues; then those which will last till _Christmas_, by themselues: then those which will last till it be _Candlemas_, by themselues: those that will last till _Shrouetide_, by themselues: and Pippins, Apple-Iohns, Peare-maines, and Winter-Russettings, which will last all the yeere by themselues. Now if you spy any rotten fruite in your heapes, pick them out, and with a Trey for the purpose, see you turne the heapes ouer, and leaue not a tainted Apple in them, diuiding the hardest by themselues, and the broken skinned by themselues to be first spent, and the rotten ones to be cast away; and euer as you turne them, and picke them, vnder-lay them with fresh straw: thus shall you keepe them safe for your vse, which otherwise would rot suddenly. {SN: Times of stirring fruit.} Pippins, Iohn Apples, Peare maines, and such like long lasting fruit, need not to be turned till the weeke before _Christmas_, vnlesse they be mixt with other of a riper kind, or that the fallings be also with them, or much of the first straw left amongst them: the next time of turning is at _Shroue-tide_, and after that, once a moneth till _Whitson-tide_; and after that, once a fortnight; and euer in the turning, lay your heapes lower and lower, and your straw very thinne: prouided you doe none of this labour in any great frost, except it be in a close Celler. At euery thawe, all fruit is moyst, and then they must not be touched: neither in rainy weather, for then they will be danke also: and therefore at such seasons it is good to set open your windowes, and doores, that the ayre may haue free passage to dry them, as at nine of the clocke in the fore-noone in Winter; and at sixe in the fore-noone, and at eight at night in Summer: onely in _March_, open not your windowes at all. All lasting fruite, after the middest of _May_, beginne to wither, because then they waxe dry, and the moisture gone, which made them looke plumpe: they must needes wither, and be smaller; and nature decaying, they must needes rot. And thus much touching the ordering of fruites. _FINIS._ * * * * * IC LONDON, Printed by _Nicholas Okes_ for IOHN HARISON, at the golden Vnicorne in Pater-noster-row. 1631. {Transcriber's notes The following corrections have been made: Title page "carring home" changed to "carrying home". Sig. A2r "SIR HENRY BELOSSES" possible error for "SIR HENRY BELLOSES"; not changed. Sig. A3v "how ancient, how, profitable," changed to "how ancient, how profitable,". "Roses on Thornes. and such like," changed to "Roses on Thornes, and such like,". Sig. A4r "_Of bough Setts._" changed to "_Of bought Setts._" for consistency with the text. Sig. A4v Page number for "_Of Foyling_" in Chapter 12 changed from 53 to 51, for consistency with the text. Page number for "_Of Flowers, Borders, Mounts &c._" in Chapter 17 changed from 71 to 70, for consistency with the text. Chapter 1, page 3 "other offall, that fruit" changed to "all other of that fruit" Chapter 2, page 3 "nor searcely with Quinces," changed to "nor scarcely with Quinces,". "(not well ordered," changed to "(not well ordered)". Page 5 "will pu forth suckers" changed to "will put forth suckers". Page 6 "become manure to your ground" changed to "become manure to your ground.". "15. or 18 inches deepe" changed to "15. or 18. inches deepe". Chapter 3, page 6 "(as is before described," changed to "(as is before described)". Page 7 "in _Holland_ and _Zealand_" the "a" in "and" is italicised in the original. "Our old fathers can telvs" changed to "Our old fathers can tel vs". Page 8 "chuse your ground low Or if you be forced" changed to "chuse your ground low: Or if you be forced". Page 10 "(for trees are the greatest suckers & pillers of earth," changed to "(for trees are the greatest suckers & pillers of earth)". Chapter 7, page 18 "for commonly your bur-knots are summer fruit)" changed to "(for commonly your bur-knots are summer fruit)". Page 20 "arse from some taw" changed to "arise from some taw". Page 21 "I could not mislke this kind" changed to "I could not mislike this kind". Page 27 "Let not you stakes" changed to "Let not your stakes". "or of auy other thing" changed to "or of any other thing". Chapter 8, page 29 "forty or fity yeares" changed to "forty or fifty yeares". "alotted to his felllow" changed to "alotted to his fellow". Page 30 "vpward out of he earth" changed to "vpward out of the earth". Chapter 9, page 32 "they are more subiect," changed to "they are more subiect to,". Chapter 10, page 33 "commonly called a _Graft_)" changed to "(commonly called a _Graft_)". Chapter 11, page 43 "(nay more) such as mens" changed to "(nay more, such as mens". Page 46 "It stayes it nothing at al" changed to "It stayes it nothing at all.". Chapter 12, page 53 "wastes cotinually" changed to "wastes continually". Chapter 13, page 57 "take sprig and all (for" changed to "take sprig and all: for". Page 58 "cleanse his foile" changed to "cleanse his soile". Chapter 14, page 63 "growth: for cut them" changed to "growth: (for cut them". Page 64 "to inlarge their frust" changed to "to inlarge their fruit". Chapter 16, page 67 "Orchrad shall exceed" changed to "Orchard shall exceed" Chapter 17, page 70 "double double Cowslips" not changed. The Country Housewifes Garden Chapter 8, page 90 "drunke to kill itches" changed to "drunke) to kill itches". Page 94 "It floweth at _Michael-tide_" changed to "It flowreth at _Michael-tide_". Page 95 "_Cur moritur homo, cum saluia crescit in horto?_" not changed. Possible error for "... cui saluia ...". Chapter 9, page 97 "for then they are too too tender" not changed. Chapter 10, page 99 "the Beees lye out" changed to "the Bees lye out". Page 100 "Neither would the hiue be too too great" not changed. Page 102 "hey cannot come downe" changed to "they cannot come downe". Page 103 "claspes are loose in the Stapes" not changed. Page 106 "combes into a siue" changed to "combes) into a siue". The Art of propagating plants Chapter 3, page 116 The last side note has been changed from "1." to "11.". Chapter 4, page 120 "aud these shall stay" changed to "and these shall stay". "sowre Cherry treee" changed to "sowre Cherry tree". The Husband mans fruitefull orchard Page 125 "_Gascoyne_ and Blacke" changed to "_Gascoyne_ and _Blacke_". Page 126 "if you doe trasport them" changed to "if you doe transport them". "Nertarines, Apricockes" changed to "Nectarines, Apricockes". }