HINTS ON CHEESE-MAKING TEXT

facilitated by cross-cuttings with a large butcher or groceryman's cheese-knife. If it is well "cooked," this is not necessary. At the expiration of half an hour or so--provided the whey is not rapidly taking on acid, in which case, at the expiration of five, ten, or fifteen minutes, according to condition--the curd is cut into pieces six or eight inches square, with the knife just mentioned; these pieces are split laterally through the middle with the knife; the top and bottom surfaces are put together, and the whole piled up along the sides of the vat. The object of this operation is to get the cool surfaces into the middle, to be influenced by the heat, and to give the already heated center contact with the atmosphere. In a little while, the bottom pieces are piled on top. The cutting and splitting operation may be repeated at intervals of twenty or thirty minutes until the whey that runs from the curd has much the taste of sour milk just before it begins to lopper. The whey looks white and rich, and is really so; but it is claimed, that there is not as much waste as is caused by keeping the curd in the whey and stirring it, when the butter and cheese that escape are so diluted as not to be noticed. When the whey draining from the curd has a decided sour-milk taste, the accumulation is removed, the curd mill is set on the end of the vat, and the large square pieces of curd thrown into the hopper and run through. The mill tears them into pieces varying in size from that of a kernel of corn to a butternut. When ground, two pounds and an eighth of salt are sprinkled over the curd and stirred in. (Considering the dry state of curd, this is really heavy salting--heavier than three pounds thrown on the dripping curd, in the usual manner.) The salting done, the curd is allowed to stand, with occasional stirring, as long as convenient--indeed, the longer the better. It will take no harm after being salted; and if a curd is at all tainted, or is made of sour-milk, and is rather soft, it should be allowed to stand as long as possible, and permit the hands to get it to press and ready to bandage the same afternoon or evening. This is the simple process, as we saw it at Spring Creek factory. The pressing and curing are not essentially different from the common methods. Thorough pressing, however, is considered essential; and so is an equable temperature in the drying room--which, by the way, Mr. MACADAM did not have the advantage of, as the building was erected on economical principles, with a very primitive but thorough system of ventilation--not under his direction or supervision, however. With sour-milk, Mr. MACADAM hastens every stage of the process, up to the time of salting. When the requisite degree of acid is developed, even though the heat may not have gone above 90°, and the curd is very soft, the whey is drawn off, and the curd repeatedly cut into small squares with a knife, to facilitate the separation of the whey. The curd is ground, and the salt thrown on--in less quantity--when the whey that drains off has the proper sour milk taste. It is then allowed to stand in the vat, and drain and harden, as long as the work of the factory will permit. If it can remain a couple of days in the press, it is an advantage. The curds prepared in the manner we have been describing for good milk, does not have a very promising look to an American cheese-maker. It is tough and stringy, and quite elastic. At least, such was the appearance of the curd which we saw. It is proper to state, however, that it was made of tainted milk, and the taint was quite marked in the curd. This, Mr. MACADAM told us, was the condition of most of the milk and curds for some weeks past in that factory; yet, the taint did not show in the cheese on the ranges, except in a few instances where the curd had been salted a little too sweet, as he thought. The great secret of his success, he seemed to think, was in getting rid of the whey early, in allowing a good deal of acid to develop, especially in tainted curds, in airing the curds and allowing the gases to escape, and in salting well. Mr. MACADAM'S cheese, as a general thing, tried splendidly. It was firm, flaky, buttery and fine-flavored. His opinion is, that American cheese is, as a general rule, salted too sweet and too low, for the purpose of having it cure quick for market; but it lacks good keeping qualities, and verifies the old adage, "Soon ripe, soon rotten." It is hard to overcome this desire for quick returns; but he would recommend those who wish to improve American cheese, to sour rather more, salt a little more, and color a little less--as little as the market will allow--as coloring is believed to be positively injurious to quality. The _tendency_ should be in these directions, in order to make a slower curing, better keeping and better flavored article. But, it must be borne in mind, that Mr. MACADAM has in view his own process of manufacture, and that allowances must be made for different modes. Let each be ready to receive hints, make his own experiments, and abide by his own decisions. FOOTNOTE: [A] "A good cheese is rich, without being greasy, with a sweet, nutty flavor; clear, equal color throughout; of a compact, solid texture, without being waxy; firm, yet melting easily in the mouth, and leaving no rough flavor on the palate." ADVERTISEMENTS Utica Morning Herald BOOK AND JOB PRINTING ESTABLISHMENT, No. 60 Genesee St., Utica, N. Y., Possesses EXTENSIVE MODERN FACILITIES for all kinds of LETTER PRESS PRINTING, And increased attention will be paid to this department, under the direction of R. W. ROBERTS. NEW STYLES OF TYPE, BORDERS, &C., are provided as they appear in the Eastern cities, and the Long Established Reputation of the office will be maintained, for THE BEST WORK AT THE LOWEST PRICES. MANUFACTURERS, LAWYERS, AND BUSINESS MEN, Will have their orders carefully and intelligently filled. ELLIS H. ROBERTS, Proprietor. Utica Morning Herald AND DAILY GAZETTE, NINE DOLLARS A YEAR IN ADVANCE, contains more reading matter than any other daily published in Central New York, including the Fullest and Latest TELEGRAPHIC REPORTS, CORRESPONDENCE From the State and National Capitals, and elsewhere, while especial attention is bestowed on LOCAL AND GENERAL NEWS, and a high Literary Standard is aimed at. An AGRICULTURAL DEPARTMENT is well maintained especially designed for the Dairymen and Farmers of the Central and Northern Counties. The UTICA HERALD has by far the largest circulation in the City, and its AGGREGATE CIRCULATION IS OVER 12,000. ADVERTISE IN IT. THE DAIRYMEN'S PAPER! THE UTICA WEEKLY HERALD has, since the first organization of the Dairymen's Association, reported promptly and fully all of its proceedings and never more fully and satisfactorily than the addresses and debates before the Convention held in Utica in January, 1870. The UTICA HERALD also devotes especial attention to everything connected with the dairy interest; to Diseases of Cattle and their Cure; The Manufacture of Butter and Cheese, and to all Improved Processes and Apparatus. The weekly edition every Tuesday contains the report of the LITTLE FALLS MARKET OF THE PREVIOUS DAY. The UTICA HERALD has made the dairy interest a specialty, and in its weekly edition devotes to it More Space and Attention than any other Paper in the Country. At the same time, the UTICA WEEKLY HERALD aims to be in all respects a FIRST-CLASS FAMILY PAPER. Its Editorial Articles are accepted and recognized as fitly speaking the Union sentiment, the intelligent convictions, and the thoughtful aspirations of the million of people which it represents. The UTICA HERALD, in its weekly as well as its morning edition, is pre-eminently A NEWSPAPER. By thorough classification and elaborate condensation it presents the gist of all the news in the briefest space, and the person who reads no other journal, will not be ignorant of the current of events, and the movement of men and principles. THE CORRESPONDENCE weekly published in our columns, from Washington, New York, Albany and elsewhere, is not inferior in literary or political interest to that of any other journal in the country. THE LITERARY DEPARTMENT will receive during the coming year, increased attention, and we trust will deserve in even a higher degree than heretofore the encomiums which have been bestowed upon it. ADVERTISE IN IT. Manufacturers and merchants wishing to reach dairymen and producers of butter and cheese, can do so in no other way so readily and so cheaply, as through the columns of the UTICA WEEKLY HERALD. THE TERMS. The UTICA WEEKLY HERALD is published at the low price of TWO DOLLARS A YEAR. Payment is required in advance. Taking into account the size and character of the paper--its political, news, literary and agricultural merits--it is believed that this is THE CHEAPEST PAPER PUBLISHED. Now is the time to form clubs. Let the circulation be doubled during the current year. _Address, UTICA HERALD_, 60 Genesee Street, Utica, N. Y. BOOK BINDING! THE OLD ESTABLISHED BOOK BINDERY, No. 60 GENESEE ST., UTICA, N. Y., (_Morning Herald Block_,) Has all the facilities for BINDING BOOKS, new and old, in as good style, and at as low prices as can be obtained anywhere in New York or elsewhere. Many families may gather a respectable library by gathering up their Magazines, Newspapers, and other Serials, And we are prepared to bind in any desirable style ATLANTIC MAGAZINE, HARPER'S MAGAZINE, KNICKERBOCKER MAGAZINE, GRAHAM'S MAGAZINE, PETERSON'S MAGAZINE, HOME MAGAZINE, LESLIE'S MAGAZINE, BALLOU'S MAGAZINE, LADY'S BOOK, MUSIC, LIBRARY BOOKS, LAW BOOKS, LESLIE'S PICTORIAL, HARPER'S PICTORIAL, BALLOU'S PICTORIAL, ILLUSTRATED LONDON NEWS, SPENCER'S HISTORY OF UNITED STATES, TALLIS'S SHAKESPEARE, JOHNSON'S SHAKESPEARE, BOYDELL'S SHAKESPEARE, IRVING'S WASHINGTON, LOSSING'S WASHINGTON, SCRIPTURE HISTORY, LIFE OF CHRIST, HARPER'S BIBLE, BROWN'S BIBLE, FLETCHER'S BIBLE, VIRTUE'S BIBLE, DOUAY BIBLE, ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ARTS AND SCIENCES, SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, HINTON'S HISTORY OF UNITED STATES, And all newspapers, whether great or small, as well as collections of Pamphlets, Manuscripts, or whatever else is worthy of preservation. Books will be bound in any style to suit the taste of our customers in Full Turkey Gilt, Full Calf, Antique Finished, Half Calf, or Half Turkey, or in Full Sheep, Full or Half Cloth, with Edges Gilt, Marbled, or Sprinkled, as may be desired. Books sent by express or otherwise, will receive prompt attention. Good Workmanship and Reasonable Prices warranted. The Largest Fancy Goods House IN CENTRAL NEW YORK, W. M. STORRS, 71 Genesee Street, Utica, --DEALER IN-- FOREIGN & DOMESTIC FANCY GOODS, Shot Guns, Rifles, Revolvers, Cartridges, Ammunition, Fishing Tackle and Sporting Apparatus of every Description. Wooden & Willow Ware, HOUSE-KEEPING GOODS, Farm Baskets, Pails, Churns, &c., &c. CALL AND SEE MY IMMENSE STOCK. W. M. STORRS, UTICA, N. Y. READY-MADE CLOTHING! Every farmer in this and adjoining counties will find it to his advantage to purchase his Clothing of C. A. YATES & CO., AT THE MARBLE BLOCK CLOTHING STORE. We pay particular attention to the quality of the Cloth, have every garment substantially made, and guarantee durability. We also keep the LARGEST STOCK OF CLOTHING in this section of the country, and can therefore give the advantage of an immense variety. Our prices will at all times be the lowest in the market, and goods will be freely shown, whether for the purpose of buying at the time or at some future time. We therefore _invite all to call and see our store and stock, and to learn our prices_. Particular attention paid to Youth's and Boys' Clothing. The most extensive assortment in the county can be found at our store. When in search of Clothing, _Look for the Marble Block_, No. 54 Genesee St., Utica, N. Y. C. A. YATES & CO. AMERICAN BUTTON HOLE, OVERSEAMING AND SEWING MACHINE. The cheapest as well as the best, since it combines a Button Hole, Overseaming and Sewing Machine, in one simple form, making either the Lock Stitch or Button Hole Stitch, as occasion may require; doing every variety of sewing in a SUPERIOR MANNER, and in addition works a most perfect Button Hole and Overseams nicely. Received a _First Premium_ at the New York State Fair, and numerous other Fairs throughout the United States and Canada. [Illustration: LAMB KNITTING MACHINE] Knits Hosiery of all sizes. _Sets up its own work._ Knits the Heel and narrows off the Toe, and knits a pair of socks in thirty minutes. The _only_ Knitting Machine in the world that can shape a stocking the same as can be done when knit by hand. Will make four distinct webs, thus enabling the operator to do a great variety of FANCY WORK. For samples of work, and circulars of both Sewing Machine and Knitting Machine, address, H. J. HILLIARD, (BUTTERFIELD HOUSE.) 205 Genesee St., Utica. HOWES & CLARK, Real Estate Brokers, 178 GENESEE STREET, Z. M. HOWES,} UTICA, N. Y. B. A. CLARK.} Agents for Sale, Purchase, Leasing, Care, and Management of Real Estate. Mortgages Negotiated and Investments Made. FIRE, LIFE AND ACCIDENTAL INSURANCE IN FIRST CLASS COMPANIES. _Deeds, Mortgages and Leases Drawn and Executed._ The Best Dairy Paper! At a recent meeting of the Farmers' Club, of the American Institute, in New York City, a correspondent asked for "The Best Paper IN THIS COUNTRY DEVOTED TO THE DAIRY INTEREST?" Mr. F. D. CURTIS, Vice President of the STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY, answered, and it went on record as the SENTIMENT OF THE CLUB: "THE UTICA HERALD." THE UTICA WEEKLY HERALD IS ONLY TWO DOLLARS A YEAR, IN ADVANCE. [Illustration: WOOD & MANN STEAM ENGINE CO.,] PORTABLE STEAM ENGINES, From 4 to 20 Horse Power. STATIONARY ENGINES, From 4 to 500 Horse Power. BOILERS OF ALL KINDS, CIRCULAR SAW MILLS, &C. Boilers Especially Adapted to Cheese Factories On Hand or Furnished on Short Notice. Having one of the Oldest, Largest and Most Complete Works in the United States, especially adapted to the manufacture of Engines, Boilers, Saw Mills, &c., we are able to furnish them, built of the very best materials, and at the lowest prices at which work in any way equal, can be obtained. Prices furnished on application. Wood & Mann Steam Engine Co., UTICA, N. Y. WILLIAM RALPH & CO., 173 & 175 Genesee St., WM. RALPH, } UTICA, N. Y. JOHN CARTON.} MANUFACTURERS OF AND DEALERS IN CHEESE-FACTORY AND FARM Dairy Apparatus, TOOLS, IMPLEMENTS AND FURNISHING GOODS, SUCH AS CHEESE VATS FOR FACTORIES, CHEESE VATS FOR DAIRIES, FACTORY WARMING AND VENTILATING APPARATUS, WATER-HEATERS, WEIGHING CANS, CARRYING CANS, CHEESE PRESSES, PRESS SCREWS, WOOD PRESS HOOPS, METALLIC PRESS HOOPS, MILK AGITATORS, "AMERICAN" CURD MILL, CURD AGITATORS, LACTOMETERS, MILK TEST GLASSES, CREAM GAUGES, THERMOMETERS, STEEL CURD KNIVES, DRAINING SINKS, MILK CONDUCTORS, PLATFORM SCALES, IMPROVED TIN MILK PAILS, DAIRY PAILS, DAIRY DIPPERS, CURD SCOOPS, WHEY STRAINERS, RENNET JARS, PATENT MILK CAN HANDLES, STENCIL PLATES, FACTORY MILK BOOKS, ANNOTTA, SCALE BOARDS, CHEESE BANDAGE, RENNETS, MILK, WATER AND WHEY FAUCETS, SINK CASTORS, CHEESE HOOPS, HANDLES, &c., &c. All articles in our line are of the best kinds and most approved patterns, and our prices as low as first class goods can be furnished. Plans, Estimates, &c., for Cheese-Factories and Dairies, together with other information pertaining thereto, will be cheerfully furnished to parties interested, on application. RALPH'S ONEIDA CHEESE VATS For Cheese Factories & Farm Dairies. ADAPTED TO ALL CLASSES, HOWEVER LARGE OR SMALL. (_See cut of 600 gallon, factory size, on cover._) This Cheese Vat is constantly growing in favor as its merits become known; it is now used in about 500 Cheese Factories and 1400 Dairies. From its construction and principle of operation--differing essentially from all others,--a larger amount of cheese from a given amount of milk can be made with it, with a much less consumption of fuel and labor. By it _the heat is perfectly controllable, and distributed absolutely equal in every part_, except that there is a slightly less amount at the bottom of the Milk Vat; this is effected by the "EQUALIZER"--which is not used in any other apparatus,--and is an advantage duly appreciated by all good cheese-makers. These Vats are complete and ready for use on attaching smoke pipe, involving the use of _no steam-boiler or pipes, brick arches or other expensive appertenance_; are quite simple in arrangement, strong and durable in construction. _Send for Descriptive Circular and Price List._ WM. RALPH & CO., UTICA, N. Y. CHEESE FACTORY WARMING & VENTILATING APPARATUS. WE WOULD INVITE ATTENTION TO THIS ARTICLE: It is admirably adapted to securing a proper condition of the atmosphere in the curing-room to facilitate the curing of the cheese, particularly in cool and damp weather, in spring and fall, giving A Soft Genial Temperature Throughout the Building, favorable to a rapid and proper ripening of the cheese; there being no more heat near the heater than in remote parts of the room. By a suitable inlet and ventiducts, air from the outside may be conducted to the heater and from thence distributed to all parts of the curing-room, expelling the old and perhaps tainted air from the building. For further information address, WM. RALPH & CO., UTICA, N. Y. JONES & FAULKNER'S Dairy Furnishing Store, No. 141 GENESEE STREET, UTICA, N. Y. We beg leave to call your attention to our stock of Dairy Furnishing Goods, being the only complete assortment in this line to be found in the United States. Believing we can make it an object for you to purchase of us, we earnestly solicit your patronage. We shall issue our Price List about the 1st of March. Those sending their names to us, will receive a copy of the same by mail. CHEESE VATS. WE SELL Ralph's and O'Neil's Patent Vats, Bagg's, Miller's, and Schermerhorn's Patent Heaters, at Manufacturers' prices. HOOPS. ALL SIZES. Improved Hard Wood, Extra Hooped with Iron, Welded and Riveted Bands, and Malleable Handles, also Galvanized Hoops. SCREWS. ALL STYLES AND SIZES. Wrought Iron, and of superior manufacture. BANDAGE. ALL WIDTHS. 26, 28, 34, 36, 38 and 40 inch, Bleached and Unbleached. Linen Strainer and Linen and Cotton Press and Cap Cloth, also Bleached and Brown Sheetings. STONE RENNET JARS. Sizes 8, 10, 12, 15 and 20 gallons. WEIGH and CARRYING CANS. ALL SIZES. With Patent Bottoms, and extra heavy Tin. Burnap's Concave Can Bottoms and Convex Tops, best thing made. DAIRY KNIVES. Young's celebrated Two Edged, Cast Steel, best in use, all sizes, with Perpendicular and Horizontal Blades. ANNOTTO. Common, Medium, and Extra Fine, also Liquid Annato. RENNETS. _American and Imported, of superior quality and strength._ MISCELLANEOUS. Factory Account Books, all Sizes. Curd Scoops, wood and tin. Rubber and Tin Syphons and Strainers. Rubber Mops and Aprons. Improved Per Cent. Lactometers. Alkali and Spirit Meters. Legal Instruments for detecting impurities in Milk. Glass Test Tubes. Cheese and Butter Tryers. Indelible Marking Paste, red, blue and black. Stencil Plates and Brushes. Factory Brands. Factory Slates. Factory Soldering Irons. Weigh Can Gates, 3 in. Dairy Dippers. Milk and Hot Water Faucets, all sizes. Conductor Heads. Scale Boards, all sizes. Wood, Iron and Lead Water Pipes and Steam Pipes.