HOW TO SELECT COWS
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if this discovery is made to be easily acquired, that millions of dollars would be saved to the community by the improvement of herds and a consequent reduction in the price of bovine
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thod. GUENON’S METHOD OF JUDGING OF THE VALUE OF STOCK. Fifty years ago there was dawning upon the world the first ray of a great discovery. A star was rising in the agricultura
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e great diversity existing among cows as to the shape of the bearded ears or quirls, and being convinced these shapes were the signs by which to distinguish cows, and then to make sur
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g, and they interlock and stand out from the skin, and, besides, are harsh and wiry, and generally shiny, glistening, and looking of lighter color, _beware of them_. The harsher, coar
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rst class Guernsey or Jersey cow, breeds which have for hundreds of years been bred for butter making, then we repeat we know she must be a good, rich milker and butter maker; for we
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bought and sold all the steers and cows on his large farm for many years solely by this system, and _has_ grown wealthy. He says in another article “feeling the modesty that natural
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story of “Rosa” as told by her owner, C. L. Sharpless. She is five years old, is solid creamy fawn, and, combined with great volume and bone, she is neat in the head and neck, and wi
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der is rich yellow. Rosa has yellow hoofs, and yellow inside her ears, but a pale skin and udder, and would be called a butter cow inferior to Duchess, and yet she has just
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have a good escutcheon, but are distinguished by the large tufts of coarse, bristly hair alongside the vulva. The Tenth Class.—Horizontal. [Illustration] The first order have a da
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MAY 10, 1878. | _No. 1._—Seven years. |_No. 1._—Curveline cow, second order. Quantity, about 12 quarts | Quantity, if 14 quar
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M. Harvey, and an interest in the proceeds of the dairy for six years, and being well acquainted with the merits of each member of the herd, I can certify that the stateme
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ade, Jersey and and Durham. | Durham. Eight years. Quantity, first. | Quantity, first. Quality, first. | Quality, first.
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fine hair. Frequently it is to be seen on the shoulder; when there, coarse hair is generally the accompaniment, and with that, a thick or tough skin, and no great milking qualities, o
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s the extra feed would cost. The ten 200 pound butter cows, in ten years would pay a profit of $1,957 30. If the ten cows bred from them, by using the 400 pound butter bull, would ma
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wing to these that America is now the granary of the world, and, as years roll by, if the developments of the next decade are as great in proportion as the last ones, no matter how ex
| Curveline, 2d.
Quality, first rate. | Quality, medium.
Quantity, 20 quarts. | Quantity, large.
Don’t go dry. | Dry two months.
|
_No. 23._—BRIDGET.—Guernsey |_No. 23._—BRIDGET. Guernsey grade.
grade. | Selvage, 4th.
Quality, first rate. | Quality, good.
Quantity, 14 to 18 quarts. | Quantity, poor.
Fails when pregnant. Does not | Dry three months or ten weeks.
dry altogether. |
|
_No. 24._—FANCY.—Guernsey. |_No. 24._—FANCY.—Guernsey. Selvage.
Quality, medium. | Quality, medium.
Quantity, 16 quarts, and fails | Quantity, poor.
fast. |
Dry three months. | Dry two months.
|
_No. 25._—DAFFY.—Grade, Durham. |_No. 25._—DAFFY.—Grade, Durham.
| Flanders, 1st.
Quality, medium. | Quality, good.
Quantity, 22 quarts. | Quantity, about 24 quarts.
Does not dry. | Milks her full time.
In the above account will be noticed a few with the mark * which Mr.
Harvey said indicates that the amount of milk given and the quality was
largely increased by extra feeding.
“I was present at the examination of our herd of Guernseys,
Jerseys, and grades, by the Guenon Commission, on the eleventh
of fifth month, 1878, and I have examined their report and
compared it with the originals written on the spot, (the
contents of which were before now unknown to me,) and I
testify to the annexed report being an accurate copy of the
opinions recorded by them at the time of examination. The
statements made by me were handed to members of the commission
on twenty-first instant, and are as nearly accurate as my own
knowledge, and that of the persons who had the immediate care
of the herd, and an interest in the proceeds of the dairy,
could make them.
THOS. M. HARVEY.”
WEST GROVE, _27th of 5th month, 1878_.
“Having had the immediate care of the herd of Thomas M. Harvey,
and an interest in the proceeds of the dairy for six years, and
being well acquainted with the merits of each member of the
herd, I can certify that the statements we have made to the
Guenon Commission are correct to the best of our knowledge and
belief, and were made more than a week after the commission
had recorded their opinions; which opinions were unknown to
us until the present time. I have also compared the record of
opinions herewith with the originals, and find them to be a
correct transcript of them.
CLARKSON MOORE.”
“Having had the immediate care of the herd within alluded to,
and an interest in the proceeds thereof for the past eleven
months, I can certify that I united with Clarkson Moore in
making the statement relative to the quality and productiveness
of the cows examined by the Guenon commission. I was from home
when they were here, and knew nothing of their opinions when we
made up our statement.
ZEBEDEE HAINES.”
_Fifth month, 28th, 1878._
“I was present on Saturday, March 11, 1878, at the farm of
Thomas M. Harvey, when the examination of that portion of
his herd was made by the Guenon Commission, from Nos. 10 to
25, inclusive, of their report. I have compared the original
recorded opinions of the commission with the report herewith,
and find the latter correct.
N. J. SHARPLES,
_President of the Experimental Farm Club_.”
Examination of William M. Large’s Herd, Chestnut Grove, Doylestown, Bucks
County.
The commission, as represented by George Blight and Willis P. Hazard,
visited the beautiful farm of William M. Large, on the afternoon of May
31—on a very rainy, unpleasant day, and making the examination of stock
a very difficult duty. The stock is a valuable one of thorough-bred and
grade Short-Horns and is well fed and otherwise well cared for.
WM. M. LARGE’S ACCOUNT OF HIS |OPINIONS OF THE STATE GUENON
HERD. | COMMISSION.
|
_No. 1._—VICTORIA. |_No. 1._—VICTORIA.—Short-Horn.
| Flanders, first order.
Quantity, 18 quarts. | Quantity, about eighteen quarts.
Never tried her on butter but | Quality, good.
once, then made 10¾ pounds. |
Goes dry two months to ten | Up to her time—say one month.
weeks. |
|
_No. 2._—JOSEPHINE. |_No. 2._—JOSEPHINE.—Thorough-bred
The Doylestown Agricultural | Short-Horn. Flanders, second order.
Society offered a premium of |
$25 for the cow that yielded |
the most butter; and also $25|
for the cow that gave the |
most milk. The largest yield |
for a single week 16 pounds |
3 ounces. Was tried five |
times during the year, two |
months apart; taking the |
average of the five |
consecutive trials, would |
make a trifle over 500 |
pounds. Awarded the first |
premium for butter, and |
second for milk. |
Lost the record of pounds of | Quantity, eighteen quarts.
milk. | Quality, very good.
Dry about one month. | About one month dry.
|
_No. 3._—FANNY FERN. |_No. 3._—FANNY FERN.—Flanders, first
| order.
Quantity, nineteen quarts. | Quantity, twenty quarts.
Quality, never tried her butter| Quality, first rate.
production. |
Goes dry five or six weeks. | About up to time, (one month.)
|
_No. 4._—LETTIE. |_No. 4._—LETTIE.—Selvage, fifth order.
Quantity nine quarts. | Quantity, eight quarts.
Quality, never tried her butter| Quality, second rate.
qualities, but her milk is |
rich and good. |
Goes dry about three months. | Dry four months.
|
_No. 5._—NORAH. |_No. 5._—NORAH.—Flanders, imperfect.
Quantity, fresh, gives | Quantity, eighteen quarts.
seventeen quarts; holds to |
it well. |
Quality, has made 10 pounds | Quality, good.
butter in a week. |
Goes dry about two months. | Dry three months.
|
_No. 6._—LUCY. |_No. 6._—LUCY.—Flanders, fourth.
Quantity, thirteen quarts. | Quantity, fourteen quarts.
Quality, a less number of | Quality, good, very.
pounds will make a pound of |
butter than most of my other |
cows; think her milk extra |
good. |
Dry some two months. | Dry three months.
|
_No. 7._—BERNICE. |_No. 7._—BERNICE.—Flanders, second.
Quantity, when fresh, about | Quantity, twelve quarts.
twelve quarts. |
Quality, never tried her | Quality, good.
butter production. |
Goes dry some three months, and| Time, eight months out of twelve.
has the credit of being the |
poorest cow in the herd. |
|
_No. 8._—JOSEPHINE 2d.—First |_No. 8._—JOSEPHINE 2d.—Curveline,
calf. | third.
Quantity, first calf, eleven | Quantity, ten to twelve quarts.
quarts. |
Quality, never weighed her milk| Quality, rich.
or tried her butter |
production. |
Cannot tell how long she will | Goes to two months of her time.
go dry. |
|
_No. 9._—JUDITH. |_No. 9._—JUDITH.—Flanders, first.
Quantity, seventeen quarts. | Quantity, eighteen quarts.
Quality, on a trial after her | Quality, good.
first calf was taken away, |
made 2 ounces less than 8 |
pounds of butter, done up in |
lumps for market. |
Goes dry six or seven weeks. | Well up to her time (one month or
| six weeks.)
“Having been present at the examination of my herd of
Short-Horns, by the State Guenon Commission, May 31, 1878, I
certify this report is a correct copy of the original records
made on the spot, and at separate times; neither party having
knowledge of the other’s accounts.
WILLIAM M. LARGE.”
CHESTNUT GROVE, _7th month, 3d, 1878_.
Report of the Examination of the Stock of Eastburn Reeder, of Rabbit Run
Stock Farm, New Hope, Bucks County, Pa.
The commission visited the farm of Eastburn Reeder on Saturday, June 1,
and examined his stock of Jersey and Guernsey breeds in presence of the
proprietor and a number of members of the Solebury Farmers’ Club. Mr.
Reeder’s account of his herd had been drawn up and placed in the hands of
J. S. Williams, Esquire, secretary of the Solebury Farmers’ Club, some
ten days before the visit of the commission, and is printed herewith.
The commission was represented by George Blight and Willis P. Hazard, and
part of the time by Captain J. C. Morris, of Susquehanna county, at the
request of Thomas J. Edge, secretary of the State Board.
Mr. Reeder, not having made in his report any statements of the quality
of the milk, except as regards the yield in butter, has sent the
commission the following condensed statement of what each cow gave on May
20:
No. 1, Belle, 10 quarts.
No. 2, Topsy, 14 ”
No. 3, Firefly, 12 ”
No. 4, Isabelle, 8 ”
No. 5, Marian, 14 ”
No. 6, Urania, 12 ”
No. 7, Florentia, 10 ”
No. 8, Paunacussing, 8 ”
No. 9, Lady Delaware, 6 ”
--
Total for nine cows, 94 ”
==
Yield of the herd, May 20, 94 quarts.
Yield of the herd in seven days, 658 ”
Butter in seven days, 67 pounds.
Quantity of milk to one pound of butter, 9 55/67 qts.
This statement of the number of quarts required to make a pound of
butter from Jersey and Guernsey stock, it will be seen, carries out the
conclusions of the commission, who estimated the quality of this herd,
as well fed and not too long milked stock of these breeds should give a
pound of butter to every nine quarts of milk.
“Having been present at the examination of my herd by the State
Guenon Commission, on Saturday, June 1, 1878, and having since
examined their report by the original record made on the spot
by them, and compared it with my account of the herd, handed to
Mr. J. S. Williams, May 21, or more than one week before they
made the examination, I do certify that the accompanying report
is correct and true.
EASTBURN REEDER,
_New Hope, Bucks county, Pa._”
RABBIT RUN FARM, _June 15, 1878_.
“I certify that Eastburn Reeder handed me his account of his
herd ten days before the examination was made by the State
Guenon Commission; that I was present with others at the
examination; that the two reports were compared in the presence
of a number, shortly after the examination, and were generally
satisfactory; and that I have now examined the accompanying
reports by the two original records, made at separate times as
above mentioned, and have found them correct and true copies of
said original records.
J. S. WILLIAMS,
_Secretary of the Solebury Farmers’ Club_.”
_June 15, 1878._
Examination of Eastburn Reeder’s Herd.
ACCOUNTS OF THE HERD BY EASTBURN |OPINIONS OF THE HERD BY THE GUENON
REEDER. | COMMISSION.
|
_No. 1._—BELL.—Age, 12 years. |_No. 1._—BELL.—Grade, Alderney.
Grade, Alderney. Calved | Flanders, 2d.
November 10, 1877. |
Greatest yield when fresh, 16 | Quantity, 18 to 20 quarts.
quarts per day. Yield May 20,|
1878, 10 quarts per day. |
Butter, 8 pounds in seven |
days. |
Tried February, 1875. | Quality, fair.
Milks to one month of calving. | Dry three to four months.
|
_No. 2._—TOPSY.—Age, 10 years. |_No. 2._—TOPSY.—Guernsey. Curveline,
Guernsey. Calved March 9, | 2d.
1878. |
Greatest yield when fresh, 18 | Quantity, 16 to 18 quarts.
quarts. Yield May 20, 1878, |
14 quarts. Made 12 pounds in |
seven days. |
Tried June, 1872. | Quality, first rate.
Goes dry three months before | Dry two months.
calving. |
|
_No. 3._—FIREFLY, (1133.)—Age, |_No. 3._—FIREFLY.—Jersey thorough-bred.
8 years. Jersey. Calved | Demijohn, 2d. Daughter of Niobe,
October 28, 1877. | 3d.
Greatest yield when fresh, 14 | Quantity, 12 to 14 quarts.
quarts. Yield May 20, 1878, |
12 quarts. Averaged 6 pounds |
butter for forty weeks, from |
Sept. 1, 1872, to June 8, |
1873. Greatest yield of |
butter in any one week since,|
10½ pounds. |
| Quality, medium.
Never goes dry; has been milked| Dry two months.
regularly since August 27, |
1872. |
|
_No. 4._—ISABELLE, (1935.)—Age, |_No. 4._—ISABELLE.—Jersey thorough-bred
6 years. Jersey. Calved | Flanders, 3d.
September 19, 1877. |
Greatest yield when fresh, 12 | Quantity, 16 quarts.
quarts. Yield May 20, 1878, |
8 quarts. Made 9 pounds |
butter in seven days. |
Tried October, 1877. | Quality, first rate.
Milks to one month of calving. | Dry one month.
|
_No. 5._—MARIAN.—Age, 6 years. |_No. 5._—MARIAN.—Guernsey. Curveline,
Guernsey. Calved February 15,| 3d.
1878. |
Greatest yield when fresh, | Quantity, 16 quarts.
14 quarts. Yield May 20, 14 |
quarts. |
Butter never been tested. | Quality, first rate.
Milks to within one month of | Dry two months to three months.
calving. |
|
_No. 6._—URANIA, (2793.)—Age, |_No. 6._—URANIA.—Jersey thorough-bred.
5 years. Jersey. Calved | Selvage, 2d.
January 30, 1878. |
Greatest yield when fresh, | Quantity, 14 quarts.
12 quarts. Yield May 20, 12 |
quarts. |
Butter never been tested. | Quality, second rate.
Milks to one month of calving. | Dry one month.
|
_No. 7._—FLORENTIA, (3518.)—Age, |_No. 7._—FLORENTIA.—Jersey
4 years. Jersey. Calved | thorough-bred. Curveline, 2d.
January 1, 1878. |
Greatest yield, 10 quarts. | Quantity, 12 quarts.
Yield May 20, 10 quarts. |
Butter never been tested. | Quality, second rate.
Milks to one month of calving. | Dry one month.
|
_No. 8._—PAUNACUSSING, |_No. 8._—PAUNACUSSING.—Jersey
(5050.)—Age, 2 years. Jersey.| thorough-bred. Selvage, 2d.
Calved October 30, 1877. |
Yield, May 21, 1878, 8 quarts. | Quantity, 12 quarts.
| Quality, medium.
Duration yet to be ascertained.| Dry two months, probably.
|
_No. 9._—LADY DELAWARE, |_No. 9._—LADY DELAWARE.—Jersey
(5051.)—Age, 2 years. | thorough-bred. Flanders, 3d.
Thorough-bred Jersey. Calved |
January 3, 1878. |
Yield May 21, 1878, 6 quarts. | Quantity, only milks out of two
| teats.
| Quality, medium.
Duration yet to be ascertained.| Dry three months, probably.
Examination of Moses Eastburn’s Cow, Beauty.
ACCOUNT OF MOSES EASTBURN. |OPINIONS OF THE COMMISSION.
|
COW, BEAUTY.—Age, 9 years. |BEAUTY.—Jersey. Curveline, 2d.
Calved March 20, 1878. |
Greatest yield of milk per day | Quantity, 18 quarts.
about 17 or 18 quarts. Yield |
May 24, 1878, 16 quarts. |
Duration of yield of milk, |
ten months. |
Quality of milk, 9 quarts to | Quality, first class.
make a pound of butter. |
Butter made in eight and a |
half months, 302½ pounds. |
| Time, well up to her time.
“This is to certify that I was present at the examination of my
cow, Beauty, this first of sixth month, 1878, by the committee
to test the Guenon system, and find their report to correspond
with the within statement.
MOSES EASTBURN.”
SOLEBURY, BUCKS COUNTY.
Examination of Colonel James Young’s Herd, at Middletown.
The Commission visited the large farms of Colonel James Young, near
Middletown, and examined thirty-seven head of cows and heifers, among
which were some of the finest Jersey cows in the State. His whole stock
is well-fed and cared for, and are in fine condition. He supplies
Middletown with the best of milk. Colonel Young does not keep a record
of the performances of his cows, and the commission were therefore
obliged to examine the cows, and after making their record, to compare
it, item by item of each cow separately, with the knowledge of them had
by his very intelligent dairy-woman, who has charge of the cows and the
milk, and knows their characters as milk and butter producers well; also
has a record of the times of calving of all the cows. The estimates of
the commission agreed with hers, on all the hundred and eleven points,
except nine points, and where they differed, that difference was in two
cases on the quality, and in the other cases on the time. The commission
attribute their unanimity on this herd, to the careful selection and
breeding of Colonel Young, to his good feeding, and the excellent care
that the animals have. These points constantly looked after, maintain the
excellence of the herd, and as a consequence the escutcheons correspond,
for, as the colonel says, “he never saw a good escutcheon without being
on a good animal, and never saw a good animal without a good escutcheon.”
MIDDLETOWN, _November 1, 1878_.
“We were present when the commission visited our farms, and
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