LAMENESS OF THE HORSE VETERINARY PRACTITIONERS' SERIES, NO. 1
TEXT
TEXT
PAPER
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90 Inflammation and Contraction of the Carpal Flexors 93 Fracture and Luxation of the Carpal Bones 96 Carpitis
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igaments are injured less frequently than are bones. Because of their flexibility they escape fracture in the manner that bones suffer. They are, however, completely severed by being c
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h as the bursa intertubercularis or in the sheath of the deep digital flexor that an inflammation causes much pain and is apt to result in permanent lameness. This is due to the peculi
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is, the subject while at rest, maintains the affected member in volar flexion because this position permits relaxation of the inhibitory apparatus, including the inflamed tendon. Likew
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om one hind leg to the other and the one relaxed, rests in a state of flexion with the toe on the ground and the heel raised. Examination by Palpation. In nearly every case where la
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wnward; Medial (Internal) View. The fascia and the ulnar head of the flexor carpi ulnaris have been removed. 1, Distal end of humerus; 2, median vessels and nerve. (From Sisson's "Ana
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tus (antea-spinatus), infraspinatus (postea-spinatus) biceps-brachii (flexor brachii) and subscapularis muscles. Etiology and Occurrence.--Inflammation of the scapulohumeral articulat
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the affected limb with the exception of the shoulder are usually flexed when the horse is resting. In consequence of loss of power in the triceps and anterior brachial m
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ction is fully restored. Inflammation and Contraction of the Carpal Flexors. Anatomy.--The structures which are usually considered as true flexors of the carpus are a group of three
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the carpus, are subject to inflammation and contraction of the carpal flexors. When these flexors are contracted, the condition is commonly known among horsemen as "buck knee." In itse
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tion by bandages. Splints of heavy leather or of thin pieces of tough flexible wood are placed on each side of the leg and firmly held in position with bandages. Bandages may be put on
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inches in length, and made transversely and when the member was flexed the articular surface of the carpal bones were presented to view. An ounce of tincture of iodin w
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other wounds of the pastern region, cause open tendon sheaths of the flexor tendons. Symptomatology.--Because of the size and extent of this sheath and the different manner in which
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tarch paste are wound about the extremity. Strips of leather that are flexible and not more than an inch in width are placed in a vertical position around the leg and these are also co
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those who frequently meet with this affection. Rupture of the Flexor Tendons and Suspensory Ligament. Etiology and Occurrence.--Rupture of the flexor tendons or of the suspens
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ammatory involvement of the third sesamoid (navicular bone), the deep flexor tendon (perforans) and the bursa podotrochlearis or navicular bursa. Etiology and Occurrence.--In 1864 Tho
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ation from the mucosa to the sensitive lamina, or that it is a reflex from a sudden chilling of the skin, we have in any of these conditions a disturbed circulation, and acon
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oot or the animal may point or keep the extremity in a state of volar flexion. In cases where extensive injury has been inflicted, and great pain exists, the foot is kept off the groun
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hip to the ilium, that exist between the humerus and scapula. Further flexion during repose is prevented chiefly by the glutens medius (maximus) muscle and its tendons. The larger tend
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oneus) and the tibial nerve, its continuation, innervates the digital flexors. Etiology and Occurrence.--Paralysis of the great sciatic nerve may be caused by central disorders, injur
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y the straight ligaments. Since the stifle and hock joints extend and flex in unison, there is presented also an extension of the tarsus. Extension of the stifle joint would increase t
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t the immobilization of the hind legs because of the normal manner of flexion of the tarsal and stifle joints in unison. Therefore, the application of rigid splints to the leg and incl
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its seat the synovial bursa which is situated between the superficial flexor tendon (perforatus) and the plantar ligament. Occurrence.--Certain predisposing factors seem to favor the
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has been given. Distension of the Tarsal Sheath of the Deep Digital Flexor. (Thoroughpin.) The terms "thoroughpin" or "throughpin" are translations from the French _vessignon chevil
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rse of every drive the subject strikes the inflamed part, immediately flexing and abducting the injured member, and the victim hops on the other leg until pain has somewhat subsided.
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l joint, 100 Open fetlock joint, 110 Open joint, 67 Open sheath of flexors of phalanges, 124 Open stifle joint, 220 Open tarsal joint, 229 Os corona, 60 Ossification of cartilag
Ligaments, collateral, 190
Ligament, cotyloid, 185
Ligaments, crucial, 188
Ligaments, dorsal, 190
Ligaments, femeropatella, 188
Ligament, medial, 190
Ligaments, mesial tarsal, sprains of the, 232
Ligaments of pastern proximal interphalangeal joint, inflammation of, 129
Ligaments, patellar, 188
Ligaments, plantar, 190
Ligament, pubiofemoral, 185
Ligament, superior check, 58
Ligament, suspensory, rupture of, 146
Ligaments, volar, 129
Ligament, volar-carpal or annular, 58
Ligation of the saphenous vein, 246
Line firing for bog spavin, 246
Longitudinal fractures, 18
Lumbosacral plexus, 204
Luxation of the carpal bones, 96
Luxation of the femur, 201
Luxation of fetlock joint, 125
Luxation of the patella, 213
Luxation of the patella, outward, 215
Luxation of the patella, upward, 214
Luxation of scapulohumeral joint, 67
Luxations, 21
Luxations, fixed, 21
Luxations, temporary, 21
Lymph vessels and glands, affections of, 32
Lymphangitis, 32
Lymphangitis, infectious, 257
Lymphangitis, non-infectious, 260
M
Medial ligament, 190
Median neurectomy, 124
Mesial tarsal ligaments, sprains of the, 232
Metacarpophalangeal articulation, 58
Metacarpus, fracture of the, 106
Metastatic arthritis, 25
Mixed lameness, 49
Momentary patellar disarticulation, 213
Movements, passive, 47
Multiple fractures, 18
Multiple longitudinal fractures, 19
Muscles, affections of, 28
Muscle, antea-spinatus, 65
Muscle, anterior digital extensor, 193
Muscle, biceps brachii, 58
Muscle, caput, 71
Muscle, gluteus medium, 192, 203
Muscle, infraspinatus, 65
Muscle, peroneus tertius, 193
Muscle, postea-spinatus, 65
Muscles, quadriceps, 193
Muscles, quadriceps, atrophy of the, 205
Muscle, subscapularis, 65
Muscle, supraspinatus, 65
Muscle, tibialis anticus, 193
Muscle, triceps brachii, 58
Myalgia, 195
N
Nail punctures, 178
Navicular disease, 157
Nerves, affections of, 30
Nerve, femoral, paralysis of the, 204
Nerve, obturator, paralysis of the, 206
Nerve, sciatic, paralysis of the, 208
Nerve, (suprascapular) paralysis of the, 75
Non-infectious lymphangitis, 260
Non-infectious bursitis, 28
Neurectomy, Bossi's double tarsal, 242
Neurectomy, median, 124
Neurectomy, plantar, 124
O
Oblique fractures, 18
Observing character of gait, 48
Obturator nerve, paralysis of the, 206
Occurrence, general discussion of, 15
Omphalophlebitis, 25
Open carpal joint, 100
Open fetlock joint, 110
Open joint, 67
Open sheath of flexors of phalanges, 124
Open stifle joint, 220
Open tarsal joint, 229
Os corona, 60
Ossification of cartilages of the third phalanx, 155
Ossification of the lateral cartilages, 155
Os innominatum, 196
Os suffraginis, 59
Osteitis, rarefying, 16
Outward luxation of the patella, 215
P
Palpation, examination by, 43
Paralysis, brachial, 77
Paralysis of the femoral nerve, 204
Paralysis of the hind leg, 204
Paralysis of the obturator nerve, 206
Paralysis of the sciatic nerve, 208
Paralysis of the suprascapular nerve, 75
Paralysis, radial, 77
Paronychia, 170
Passive movements, 47
Pastern proximal interphalangeal joint, inflammation of ligaments of, 129
Patella, 188
Patella, fracture of the, 212
Patella, luxation of the, 213
Patella, outward luxation of the, 215
Patella, upward luxation of the, 214
Patellar disarticulation, fixed, 213
Patellar disarticulation, momentary, 213
Patellar ligaments, 188
Pelvic bones, fractures of the, 196
Pelvic limbs, anatomo-physiological consideration of the, 185
Penetrative wounds, 85
Periarticular ringbone, 122
Peroneus tertius muscle, 193
Phalangeal exostosis, 118
Phalanges, fracture of first and second, 131
Phalanges, open sheath of flexors of, 124
Phalanx, first, 59
Phalanx, second, 60
Phalanx, third, ossification of cartilages of, 155
Plantar ligaments, 190
Plantar neurectomy, 124
Polyarthritis, 25
Postea-spinatus muscle, 65
Principles, diagnostic, 37
Proximal sesamoid bones, inflammation of, 127
Proximal sesamoids, fracture of, 128
Pubiofemoral ligament, 185
Pubis, fracture of the, 197
Punctures, nail, 178
Q
Quadriceps muscles, 193
Quadriceps muscles, atrophy of the, 205
Quittor, 174
Quittor, injection of fluids for, 177
R
Rachitic ringbone, 122
Radial paralysis, 77
Radius, fracture of the, 87
Rarefying osteitis, 16
Rheumatic arthritis, 26
Rheumatism, 196
Ringbone, 118
Ringbone, articular, 121
Ringbone, periarticular, 122
Ringbone, rachitic, 122
Ringbone, traumatic, 122
Ringbone treated by firing, 123
Roberts shoe for bracing the fetlock, 181
Rupture of the extensor pedis, 145
Rupture of flexor tendons and suspensory ligament, 146
Rupture of long digital extensor, 253
Rupture of the tendo archillis, 224
S
Saphenous vein, ligation of the, 246
Scapula, fracture of the, 62
Scapulohumeral articulation, 55
Scapulohumeral joint, injuries to, 66
Scapulohumeral joint, luxation of, 67
Scapulohumeral joint, wounds of, 67
Scapulohumeral arthritis, 65
Sciatica, 208
Sciatic nerve, paralysis of the, 208
Second phalanx, 60
Sesamoid bones, 59
Sesamoid, third, inflammation of the, 157
Sesamoids, proximal, fracture of, 128
Sesamoiditis, 127
Setons, 75
Sheath of flexors of phalanges, open, 124
Sheath (tarsal) of the deep digital flexor, distension of the, 246
Shoe for dropped soles, 169
Shoeing for interfering, 256
Shoulder atrophy, 73
Shoulder joint, 55
Shoulder lameness, 61
Simple fractures, 17
Simple transverse fractures, 18
Soles, dropped, shoe for, 169
Spavin, bog, 242
Spavin, bone, 235
Spavin, dry, 225
Spavin test, 239
Special methods of examination, 53
Sprains of the mesial tarsal ligaments, 232
Sprains, tarsal, 232
Splints, 107
Spring-halt, 225
Stifle, dropped, 205
Stifle joint, open, 220
Strangles, 25
Streptococcus equi, 25
String-halt, 225
Subject, attitude of the, 41
Subscapularis muscle, 65
Supporting-leg-lameness, 49
Suprascapular nerve, paralysis of the, 75
Supraspinatus muscle, 65
Superficial digital flexor, 194
Superior check ligament, 58
Suspensory ligament, rupture of, 146
Sweeny, 73
Swinging-leg-lameness, 49
Swinney, 73
Swinney, hip, 205
Synovial distension of tendon sheaths, 104
Synovitis, 25
Synovitis, infectious, 124
T
Tarsal arthritis, 225
Tarsal bones, 190
Tarsal joint capsule, distension of the, 242
Tarsal joint, open, 229
Tarsal sheath of the deep digital flexor, distension of the, 246
Tarsal sprains, 232
Tarsus, 192
Temporary luxations, 21
Tendinitis, 135
Tendinitis, acute, 135
Tendinitis, chronic, 137
Tendo achillis, rupture and wounds of the, 224
Tendon, deep flexor, inflammation of the, 157
Tendon, deep flexor (perforans), 60
Tendon, extensor, rupture of, 145
Tendon, flexor, rupture of, 146
Tendons of foals, contracted, 143
Tendon sheaths, synovial distension of, 104
Tendons, affections of, 28
Tendons, flexor, contraction of the, 137
Tendons, flexor, inflammation of the, 135
Tendo-synovitis, gluteal, 203
Tenotomy, cunean, 242
Tensor fascia lata, 192
Test, spavin, 239
Testers, hoof, 53
Thecae, affections of, 27
Thecitis, 27, 104
Thecitis in the fetlock region, 150
Thoroughpin, 246
Thoroughpin, aspiration-and-injection treatment of, 250
Thrombosis, iliac, 209
Thrombosis of the brachial artery, 81
Tibia, 188
Tibia, fracture of the, 222
Tibial tarsal bone, fracture of the, 230
Tibialis anticus muscle, 193
Tibioastragular joint, distension of the, 242
Transverse fractures, 18
Traumatic arthritis, 22
Traumatic ringbone, 122
Treatment of bog spavin by aspiration and injection, 244
Treatment of capped hock by aspiration and injection, 252
Treatment of ringbone by firing, 123
Treatment of thoroughpin by aspiration and injection, 250
Triceps brachii, 58
Triceps brachii, contusions of, 71
Triceps extensor brachii, 71
Trochanteric bursa, inflammation of the, 204
True crepitation, 47
U
Ulna, fracture of the, 86
Ulnaris lateralis, 94
Upward luxation of the patella, 214
V
Vein, saphenous, ligation of the, 246
Vesication for bog spavin, 246
Vessignon chevillé, 246
Visual examination, 39
Volar-carpal ligament, 58
Volar ligaments, 129
W
Wounds, calk, 170
Wounds, contusive, 85
Wounds from interfering, 255
Wounds of anterior brachial region, 90
Wounds of coronary region, 170
Wounds of scapulohumeral joint, 67
Wounds of tendo achillis, 224
Wounds, penetrative, 85
X
X-ray diagnosis, 179
AUTHORITIES CITED
Almy, J., 141, 200, 202, 208, 212, 216, 214, 233
Bassi, 215
Bauman, S.H., 197
Bell, Roscoe R., 69
Benard, 216
Berns, Geo. H., 77, 218
Bouley, 225
Bourdelle, 147
Cadiot, P.J., 78, 141, 200, 202, 208, 212, 214, 216, 223, 225, 233, 245,
250
Campbell, D.M., 162, 166, 167
Castagné, 84
Cochran, David W., 169, 170
Diekerhoff, 237
Dollar, Jno. A.W., 68, 198
Eberlein, 237
Fisher, Carl W., 236
Frost, J.N., 113
Frost, R.F., 128
Greaves, Thomas, 157
Hoare, E. Wallis, 25, 211, 230
Hughes, Joseph, 176, 221
Hutyra and Marek, 205
Law, James, 33
Leblanc, 223
Liautard, A., 84, 199, 238
Lusk, Wm. V., 203
McDonough, James, 237
Merillat, Edward, 210
Merillat, L.A., 80, 96, 175, 210
Millar, Thomas, 145
Möller, H., 119, 156, 211, 222
Montane, 147
Moore, R.C., 162
Roberts, G.H., 181
Schumacher, 215
Scott, John, 208
Seeley, J.T., 176
Sisson, Septimus, 129, 204, 220
Smith, F., Major General, 56, 60, 155, 188, 194
Strangeways, 193
Taylor, Henry, 71
Thompson, H., 83, 87
Trickett, A., 253
Udall, D.H., 236
Uhlrich, 224
Walters, Wilfred, 83, 97
Williams, W.L., 217, 236
Transcriber's notes:
Accented words: The following spelling differences have been
maintained:
Moller / Möller
Montane / Montané
Traite / Traité.
Hyphenation: The following hyphenation differences have been
maintained:
bilateral / bi-lateral
calcaneocuboid / calcaneo-cuboid
calcaneometatarsal / calcaneo-metatarsal
counterirritation / counter-irritation
counterirritating / counter-irritating
foreleg / fore-leg
interphalangeal / inter-phalangeal
noninfectious / non-infectious
nonsensitive / non-sensitive
overwork / over-work
posteaspinatus / postea-spinatus
ringbone / ring-bone
subacute / sub-acute
subcoronary / sub-coronary
subfascial / sub-fascial
subperiosteal / sub-periosteal
Typographical errors:
sub-facial for sub-fascial
"At two-year-old" for "A two-year-old"
Ameircan for American
Symtomatology for Symptomatology
extoses for exostoses
admintered for administered
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