LAMENESS OF THE HORSE VETERINARY PRACTITIONERS' SERIES, NO. 1
TEXT
TEXT
PAPER
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of pain which is increased by the bearing of weight upon the affected member, or by the moving of such a distressed part, results in an irregularity in locomotion, which is known as l
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es more intense in the process and pressure of standing than when the member is swung or advanced. Certain bones are so well protected by muscular structures that they are not freque
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is an active factor, but probably a predisposing one only. Likewise a member that suffers from chronic inflammation due to recurrent injury or to constant or repeated strain is less a
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inflammation of these structures should cause a painful affection of members, when so affected, and that marked lameness and, in some instances, general constitutional disturbance su
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g visual examination of a lame animal for diagnostic purposes, will remember that with the normal animal the weight is borne equally well with both fore legs; and that this is done wi
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for instance, causes an acceleration in the advancement of the sound member, in order to relieve the diseased one which is bearing weight. In other words, when an animal that is affe
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may be held in position more securely by attaching it to the affected member. Following the acute stage of such an infection, any local counter-irritating application or even a vesica
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on as the ailing animal is caused to support weight with the affected member, the joint is suddenly thrown outward in a manner that the average layman at once concludes that there mus
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is impossible for the animal to support much weight with the injured member the sling should be employed. As inflammation abates, which it does in the course of from one to three we
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evident manifestation of pain. No weight is supported by the affected member and because of the pressure, occasioned by the swollen muscles confined within the non-yielding brachial f
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re protruding through the skin. No weight is borne upon the fractured member ordinarily, although during the excitement occasioned by runaways, horses are sometimes seen to support we
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nd one-half inches in length, and made transversely and when the member was flexed the articular surface of the carpal bones were presented to view. An ounce of tinctur
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th, the parts covered with a suitable dressing powder, and the entire member is carefully dressed with cotton and bandages. Subsequent treatment is the same as has been outlined in t
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cotton are then wrapped around the extremity--enough to pad well the member--and this is retained in position with a wide bandage. Gauze bandages are preferable to heavier bandages o
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oximal portion down to and beyond its bifurcation, while the affected member is supporting weight, it is possible to diagnose rupture of one of its branches. Prognosis and Treatment.
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ed strides. At rest the lame animal usually points with the affected member. Because of the fact that the distance is lessened between the origin and insertion of the deep flexor ten
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inflicts the injury happens to be unshod, a contusion of the injured member is occasioned, but in the majority of instances, wounds that demand attention are the result of shoe calks
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ng a diagnosis. The subject may support some weight with the affected member and stand "base-wide" or "base-narrow," or no weight may be borne with the foot or the animal may point or
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cting the hind leg may be said to arise from disease of the hock. As members of locomotion the legs receive strains of two kinds: those of concussion and weight-bearing and strains o
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ere and inflammation acute, weight may not be borne with the affected member. There is some local manifestation of the condition in acute cases. Swelling of the tissues contiguous to
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and the leg collapses unless weight is at once taken up by the other member if sound. As a rule, the reduction of this form of luxation is not difficult. The patella may be pushed i
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e subject is placed in a sling; a pit is excavated below the affected member so that a heavy weight may be attached to the extremity; splints are applied to each side of the leg, whic
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ak hock that is set low down on a crooked leg, especially when such a member is heavily muscled at the hip. Given such conformation in an excitable horse, and curb is usually produced
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ntroduction of iodin is not only for a local effect upon the synovial membranes in checking secretions, but the production of an active inflammation and great swelling, which will rem
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ikes the inflamed part, immediately flexing and abducting the injured member, and the victim hops on the other leg until pain has somewhat subsided. Interfering is much more serious
Ligaments, collateral, 190
Ligament, cotyloid, 185
Ligaments, crucial, 188
Ligaments, dorsal, 190
Ligaments, femeropatella, 188
Ligament, medial, 190
Ligaments, mesial tarsal, sprains of the, 232
Ligaments of pastern proximal interphalangeal joint, inflammation of, 129
Ligaments, patellar, 188
Ligaments, plantar, 190
Ligament, pubiofemoral, 185
Ligament, superior check, 58
Ligament, suspensory, rupture of, 146
Ligaments, volar, 129
Ligament, volar-carpal or annular, 58
Ligation of the saphenous vein, 246
Line firing for bog spavin, 246
Longitudinal fractures, 18
Lumbosacral plexus, 204
Luxation of the carpal bones, 96
Luxation of the femur, 201
Luxation of fetlock joint, 125
Luxation of the patella, 213
Luxation of the patella, outward, 215
Luxation of the patella, upward, 214
Luxation of scapulohumeral joint, 67
Luxations, 21
Luxations, fixed, 21
Luxations, temporary, 21
Lymph vessels and glands, affections of, 32
Lymphangitis, 32
Lymphangitis, infectious, 257
Lymphangitis, non-infectious, 260
M
Medial ligament, 190
Median neurectomy, 124
Mesial tarsal ligaments, sprains of the, 232
Metacarpophalangeal articulation, 58
Metacarpus, fracture of the, 106
Metastatic arthritis, 25
Mixed lameness, 49
Momentary patellar disarticulation, 213
Movements, passive, 47
Multiple fractures, 18
Multiple longitudinal fractures, 19
Muscles, affections of, 28
Muscle, antea-spinatus, 65
Muscle, anterior digital extensor, 193
Muscle, biceps brachii, 58
Muscle, caput, 71
Muscle, gluteus medium, 192, 203
Muscle, infraspinatus, 65
Muscle, peroneus tertius, 193
Muscle, postea-spinatus, 65
Muscles, quadriceps, 193
Muscles, quadriceps, atrophy of the, 205
Muscle, subscapularis, 65
Muscle, supraspinatus, 65
Muscle, tibialis anticus, 193
Muscle, triceps brachii, 58
Myalgia, 195
N
Nail punctures, 178
Navicular disease, 157
Nerves, affections of, 30
Nerve, femoral, paralysis of the, 204
Nerve, obturator, paralysis of the, 206
Nerve, sciatic, paralysis of the, 208
Nerve, (suprascapular) paralysis of the, 75
Non-infectious lymphangitis, 260
Non-infectious bursitis, 28
Neurectomy, Bossi's double tarsal, 242
Neurectomy, median, 124
Neurectomy, plantar, 124
O
Oblique fractures, 18
Observing character of gait, 48
Obturator nerve, paralysis of the, 206
Occurrence, general discussion of, 15
Omphalophlebitis, 25
Open carpal joint, 100
Open fetlock joint, 110
Open joint, 67
Open sheath of flexors of phalanges, 124
Open stifle joint, 220
Open tarsal joint, 229
Os corona, 60
Ossification of cartilages of the third phalanx, 155
Ossification of the lateral cartilages, 155
Os innominatum, 196
Os suffraginis, 59
Osteitis, rarefying, 16
Outward luxation of the patella, 215
P
Palpation, examination by, 43
Paralysis, brachial, 77
Paralysis of the femoral nerve, 204
Paralysis of the hind leg, 204
Paralysis of the obturator nerve, 206
Paralysis of the sciatic nerve, 208
Paralysis of the suprascapular nerve, 75
Paralysis, radial, 77
Paronychia, 170
Passive movements, 47
Pastern proximal interphalangeal joint, inflammation of ligaments of, 129
Patella, 188
Patella, fracture of the, 212
Patella, luxation of the, 213
Patella, outward luxation of the, 215
Patella, upward luxation of the, 214
Patellar disarticulation, fixed, 213
Patellar disarticulation, momentary, 213
Patellar ligaments, 188
Pelvic bones, fractures of the, 196
Pelvic limbs, anatomo-physiological consideration of the, 185
Penetrative wounds, 85
Periarticular ringbone, 122
Peroneus tertius muscle, 193
Phalangeal exostosis, 118
Phalanges, fracture of first and second, 131
Phalanges, open sheath of flexors of, 124
Phalanx, first, 59
Phalanx, second, 60
Phalanx, third, ossification of cartilages of, 155
Plantar ligaments, 190
Plantar neurectomy, 124
Polyarthritis, 25
Postea-spinatus muscle, 65
Principles, diagnostic, 37
Proximal sesamoid bones, inflammation of, 127
Proximal sesamoids, fracture of, 128
Pubiofemoral ligament, 185
Pubis, fracture of the, 197
Punctures, nail, 178
Q
Quadriceps muscles, 193
Quadriceps muscles, atrophy of the, 205
Quittor, 174
Quittor, injection of fluids for, 177
R
Rachitic ringbone, 122
Radial paralysis, 77
Radius, fracture of the, 87
Rarefying osteitis, 16
Rheumatic arthritis, 26
Rheumatism, 196
Ringbone, 118
Ringbone, articular, 121
Ringbone, periarticular, 122
Ringbone, rachitic, 122
Ringbone, traumatic, 122
Ringbone treated by firing, 123
Roberts shoe for bracing the fetlock, 181
Rupture of the extensor pedis, 145
Rupture of flexor tendons and suspensory ligament, 146
Rupture of long digital extensor, 253
Rupture of the tendo archillis, 224
S
Saphenous vein, ligation of the, 246
Scapula, fracture of the, 62
Scapulohumeral articulation, 55
Scapulohumeral joint, injuries to, 66
Scapulohumeral joint, luxation of, 67
Scapulohumeral joint, wounds of, 67
Scapulohumeral arthritis, 65
Sciatica, 208
Sciatic nerve, paralysis of the, 208
Second phalanx, 60
Sesamoid bones, 59
Sesamoid, third, inflammation of the, 157
Sesamoids, proximal, fracture of, 128
Sesamoiditis, 127
Setons, 75
Sheath of flexors of phalanges, open, 124
Sheath (tarsal) of the deep digital flexor, distension of the, 246
Shoe for dropped soles, 169
Shoeing for interfering, 256
Shoulder atrophy, 73
Shoulder joint, 55
Shoulder lameness, 61
Simple fractures, 17
Simple transverse fractures, 18
Soles, dropped, shoe for, 169
Spavin, bog, 242
Spavin, bone, 235
Spavin, dry, 225
Spavin test, 239
Special methods of examination, 53
Sprains of the mesial tarsal ligaments, 232
Sprains, tarsal, 232
Splints, 107
Spring-halt, 225
Stifle, dropped, 205
Stifle joint, open, 220
Strangles, 25
Streptococcus equi, 25
String-halt, 225
Subject, attitude of the, 41
Subscapularis muscle, 65
Supporting-leg-lameness, 49
Suprascapular nerve, paralysis of the, 75
Supraspinatus muscle, 65
Superficial digital flexor, 194
Superior check ligament, 58
Suspensory ligament, rupture of, 146
Sweeny, 73
Swinging-leg-lameness, 49
Swinney, 73
Swinney, hip, 205
Synovial distension of tendon sheaths, 104
Synovitis, 25
Synovitis, infectious, 124
T
Tarsal arthritis, 225
Tarsal bones, 190
Tarsal joint capsule, distension of the, 242
Tarsal joint, open, 229
Tarsal sheath of the deep digital flexor, distension of the, 246
Tarsal sprains, 232
Tarsus, 192
Temporary luxations, 21
Tendinitis, 135
Tendinitis, acute, 135
Tendinitis, chronic, 137
Tendo achillis, rupture and wounds of the, 224
Tendon, deep flexor, inflammation of the, 157
Tendon, deep flexor (perforans), 60
Tendon, extensor, rupture of, 145
Tendon, flexor, rupture of, 146
Tendons of foals, contracted, 143
Tendon sheaths, synovial distension of, 104
Tendons, affections of, 28
Tendons, flexor, contraction of the, 137
Tendons, flexor, inflammation of the, 135
Tendo-synovitis, gluteal, 203
Tenotomy, cunean, 242
Tensor fascia lata, 192
Test, spavin, 239
Testers, hoof, 53
Thecae, affections of, 27
Thecitis, 27, 104
Thecitis in the fetlock region, 150
Thoroughpin, 246
Thoroughpin, aspiration-and-injection treatment of, 250
Thrombosis, iliac, 209
Thrombosis of the brachial artery, 81
Tibia, 188
Tibia, fracture of the, 222
Tibial tarsal bone, fracture of the, 230
Tibialis anticus muscle, 193
Tibioastragular joint, distension of the, 242
Transverse fractures, 18
Traumatic arthritis, 22
Traumatic ringbone, 122
Treatment of bog spavin by aspiration and injection, 244
Treatment of capped hock by aspiration and injection, 252
Treatment of ringbone by firing, 123
Treatment of thoroughpin by aspiration and injection, 250
Triceps brachii, 58
Triceps brachii, contusions of, 71
Triceps extensor brachii, 71
Trochanteric bursa, inflammation of the, 204
True crepitation, 47
U
Ulna, fracture of the, 86
Ulnaris lateralis, 94
Upward luxation of the patella, 214
V
Vein, saphenous, ligation of the, 246
Vesication for bog spavin, 246
Vessignon chevillé, 246
Visual examination, 39
Volar-carpal ligament, 58
Volar ligaments, 129
W
Wounds, calk, 170
Wounds, contusive, 85
Wounds from interfering, 255
Wounds of anterior brachial region, 90
Wounds of coronary region, 170
Wounds of scapulohumeral joint, 67
Wounds of tendo achillis, 224
Wounds, penetrative, 85
X
X-ray diagnosis, 179
AUTHORITIES CITED
Almy, J., 141, 200, 202, 208, 212, 216, 214, 233
Bassi, 215
Bauman, S.H., 197
Bell, Roscoe R., 69
Benard, 216
Berns, Geo. H., 77, 218
Bouley, 225
Bourdelle, 147
Cadiot, P.J., 78, 141, 200, 202, 208, 212, 214, 216, 223, 225, 233, 245,
250
Campbell, D.M., 162, 166, 167
Castagné, 84
Cochran, David W., 169, 170
Diekerhoff, 237
Dollar, Jno. A.W., 68, 198
Eberlein, 237
Fisher, Carl W., 236
Frost, J.N., 113
Frost, R.F., 128
Greaves, Thomas, 157
Hoare, E. Wallis, 25, 211, 230
Hughes, Joseph, 176, 221
Hutyra and Marek, 205
Law, James, 33
Leblanc, 223
Liautard, A., 84, 199, 238
Lusk, Wm. V., 203
McDonough, James, 237
Merillat, Edward, 210
Merillat, L.A., 80, 96, 175, 210
Millar, Thomas, 145
Möller, H., 119, 156, 211, 222
Montane, 147
Moore, R.C., 162
Roberts, G.H., 181
Schumacher, 215
Scott, John, 208
Seeley, J.T., 176
Sisson, Septimus, 129, 204, 220
Smith, F., Major General, 56, 60, 155, 188, 194
Strangeways, 193
Taylor, Henry, 71
Thompson, H., 83, 87
Trickett, A., 253
Udall, D.H., 236
Uhlrich, 224
Walters, Wilfred, 83, 97
Williams, W.L., 217, 236
Transcriber's notes:
Accented words: The following spelling differences have been
maintained:
Moller / Möller
Montane / Montané
Traite / Traité.
Hyphenation: The following hyphenation differences have been
maintained:
bilateral / bi-lateral
calcaneocuboid / calcaneo-cuboid
calcaneometatarsal / calcaneo-metatarsal
counterirritation / counter-irritation
counterirritating / counter-irritating
foreleg / fore-leg
interphalangeal / inter-phalangeal
noninfectious / non-infectious
nonsensitive / non-sensitive
overwork / over-work
posteaspinatus / postea-spinatus
ringbone / ring-bone
subacute / sub-acute
subcoronary / sub-coronary
subfascial / sub-fascial
subperiosteal / sub-periosteal
Typographical errors:
sub-facial for sub-fascial
"At two-year-old" for "A two-year-old"
Ameircan for American
Symtomatology for Symptomatology
extoses for exostoses
admintered for administered
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