SPECIAL REPORT ON DISEASES OF CATTLE TEXT

stages of the disease. The temperature and pulse are somewhat increased, the former 2 or 3 degrees, the latter to from 75 to 90 beats per minute. The fever is not lasting, and these symptoms are soon modified. The animal has an anxious look, and in a few cases there is a gastrointestinal irritation, the feces being thin, of a dark color, and of an offensive odor. PROGNOSIS AND MORTALITY. Mycotic stomatitis is not a serious disease, and in uncomplicated cases recoveries soon follow the removal of the cause and the application of the indicated remedies. In such cases complete restoration may take place within one week. In mild outbreaks a large percentage of the animals will recover without treatment, but that the disease is fatal is shown by the fact that animals which develop an aggravated form of the affection succumb if not treated. In such animals death occurs in 6 or 8 days, but the mortality in the serious outbreaks thus far investigated has been less than 0.5 per cent. The course of this disease is irregular and runs from 7 to 15 days, the average case covering a period of about 10 days. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS. FOOT-AND-MOUTH DISEASE. In examining a case of mycotic stomatitis it is important not to mistake it for foot-and-mouth disease, which has appeared in this country on six occasions only. This may be easily accomplished by taking into consideration the fact that in the contagious foot-and-mouth disease there is a rapid infection of the entire herd, as well as of any hogs and sheep that may be on the premises. It is also readily transmitted to neighboring herds by the spread of the infection from diseased animals, but it never occurs spontaneously. The characteristic lesion of foot-and-mouth disease is the appearance of vesicles containing serous fluid in the mouth and upon the udder, teats, heels, and coronary bands of the affected animals. Drooling is profuse, and there is a peculiar smacking sound made by sucking the affected lips. Mycotic stomatitis occurs sporadically on widely separated farms, affecting only a few animals in each herd, and the lesions produced consist of erosions without the typical vesicular formations of foot-and-mouth disease. The failure of the vesicles, if any appear, to spread extensively in the mouth, the absence of these blisters on other portions of the body-- notably the teats and udder, and characteristically the feet--together with the absence of infection in the herd, and the inability to transmit the disease to calves by inoculation, distinguish between this affection and foot-and-mouth disease. The erosions of the mouth are not so extensive and they heal more rapidly in mycotic stomatitis. The swelling of the feet and stiffness of the animal are also more marked in mycotic stomatitis. ERGOTISM. The lesions resulting from ergotism may be differentiated from those of mycotic stomatitis by the lack of ulcerative eruptions in the mouth and by the location of the lesions at the tips of the ears, end of the tail, or upon the lower part of the legs, usually below the knees or hocks. The lesions of ergotism do not take the form of ulcers or festers, but the end of the limb affected is diseased "in toto" and the eruption extends entirely around the limbs, followed soon afterwards by a distinct line of demarcation between the healthy skin above and the diseased below. The absence of suppurating sores between the claws and on the mucous membrane of the mouth, the knowledge that the lesion upon the limb in question extends uninterruptedly around it, and the presence of ergotized seeds in the hay or grain fed the animals should point conclusively to a diagnosis of ergotism. FOUL FOOT. In foul foot, or ground itch, of cattle, the inflammation of the skin and toes usually affects but one foot. It begins as a superficial inflammation followed by sloughing, ulceration, and the formation of fistulous tracts which may involve the tendons, bones, and joints. The mouth remains unaffected, and the presence of the disease may be traced to filth and poor drainage. NECROTIC STOMATITIS. In necrotic stomatitis (calf diphtheria) there is a formation of yellowish cheesy patches in the mouth without any lesions of the feet or udder. It affects sucking calves chiefly, and is caused by the _Bacillus necrophorus._ TREATMENT. The treatment of mycotic stomatitis should consist in first removing the herd of cattle from the pasture in which they have been running. The affected animals should, if it is possible, be brought to the barn or corral and fed on soft, nutritious food, such as bran mashes, ground feed, and gruels. A bucket of clear, cool water should be kept constantly in the manger, so that the animal may drink or rinse the mouth at its pleasure; and it will be found beneficial to dissolve 2 heaping tablespoonfuls of borax or 1 tablespoonful of potassium chlorate in each of the first two buckets of water taken during the day. If the animals are gentle enough to be handled, the mouth should be swabbed out daily with antiseptic washes, such as a 2 per cent solution of carbolic acid or a 1 per cent solution of compound solution of cresol or of permanganate of potassium, or 1 part of hydrogen peroxid to 2 parts of water. This should be followed by astringents, such as one-half tablespoonful of alum, borax, or chlorate of potassium placed on the tongue. Probably a more satisfactory method of administering the antiseptic treatment to a large number of animals would be to mix thoroughly 2 teaspoonfuls of pure carbolic acid every morning in a quart of bran mash and give to each affected animal for a period of five days. Range cattle may be more readily treated by the use of medicated salt placed in troughs accessible to the animals. This salt may be prepared by pouring 4 ounces of crude carbolic acid upon 12 quarts of ordinary barrel salt, after which they are thoroughly mixed. The lesions of the feet should be treated with a 2 per cent solution of carbolic acid, while the fissures and other lesions of the skin will be benefited by the application of carbolized vaseline or zinc ointment. If the animals are treated in this manner and carefully fed, the disease will rapidly disappear. INDEX. Abdomen-- dropsy affecting, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 47 inflammation, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 224 of calf, dropsy, description, and treatment, 180 wounds, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 43 Abdominal cavity, kinds of parasites affecting, 529 Abortion-- contagious-- description and causes, 165 treatment and prevention, 170 noncontagious-- causes, 165 treatment, 170 Abscess-- bacteria causing, 237 ear treatment, 355 lung, description, 99 navel, cause and treatment, 249 orbital and periorbital, symptoms and treatment, 352 Abscesses-- danger in castration of cattle, 300 treatment, 295 Absorbents, description, 75 _Achorion schonleinii_, fungus causing _Tinea favosa_, 332 Acids-- mineral, poisoning, description and treatment, 54 poisoning, description and treatment, 54 vegetable, poisonous, description and treatment, 61 Aconite poisoning, description and treatment, 63 Actinomycosis-- description and symptoms, 440-449 jawbone, description and treatment, 442 lungs, 442 prevention and treatment, 445-446 relation to public health, 447 Adenoma, description, 310 Administration of medicines, chapter by Leonard Pearson, 7-11 Afterbirth, retention, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 220 Air tubes, lung, parasites affecting, description and treatment, 530 Air under the skin, description, symptoms, and treatment, 334 Albumin, urine, description and treatment, 121 Albuminuria, description and treatment, 121 Alkalies, poisoning, description and treatment, 59 Amaurosis, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 348 Anaphrodisia, cause, prevention, and treatment, 149 Anasarca of the skin, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 330 Anesthesia, uses in operations, 289 Aneurism, description, 85 Angioma tumor, description, 310 Animal Industry Bureau, experiments against hemorrhagic septicemia, 401 Animal parasites of cattle, chapter by B. H. Ranson, 502-531 Animal products, poisonous, description and treatment, 71 Anthrax-- cause, symptoms, treatment, etc., 449-458 human, description, 458 serum, relation to blackleg, 458 symptomatic, description, cause, treatment, etc., 449-458 treatment by use of serum, 455 Aphtha, calf, description and treatment, 263 Aphtha parasite (_Saccharomyces albicans_), cause, 263 Aphthous fever. _See_ Foot-and-mouth disease. Aphthous stomatitis, reference, 532 Apoplexy-- cerebral, description and treatment, 106 parturient, description, symptoms, and treatment, 226 Appetite-- depraved, description, causes and treatment, 28 Loss, symptom of foot-and-mouth disease, 383 Aqueous humor of eye, description, 341 Argentina, foot-and-mouth disease, 386 Arsenic poisoning, description, symptoms, and treatment, 54 Arsenical dips-- for destroying cattle ticks, 488 use against screw worms, 507 Arsenical vapor, danger of inhalation in making cattle dip, 489 Arteries-- and veins, wounds, description and treatment, 83 obstruction, description and treatment, 85 _Ascaris vitulorum_, intestinal roundworm, description and treatment, 524 Ascites-- causes, symptoms, and treatment, 47 description and treatment, 180 Asepsis in surgical operations, 289 Aseptic periostitis, description and treatment, 266 Asphyxia electrica, symptoms and treatment, 111 Atkinson, V. T.-- chapter on "Bones: Diseases and accidents", 264-288 chapter on "Poison and poisoning", 51-70 Atrophy, description, 81 Auscultation, definition, 91 Austria-Hungary, foot-and-mouth disease, 386 _Bacillus_-- _cyanogenes_, causing blue milk, 242 _tuberculosis_, (_Mycobacterium tuberculosis_, new terminology) causing tuberculosis, 407 Back, sprain, causes and treatment, 270 Bacteria-- causing abscess, 237 definition, 360 _Bacterium bovisepticum_, causing hemorrhagic septicemia, 397 Balkan countries, foot-and-mouth disease, 386 Ball-- eye, description, 340 hair, in stomach, description, 29 Balls, use in administering medicines, 8 Bee stings, description and treatment, 71 Beef measles, discussion and management, 529 Belgium, foot-and-mouth disease, 386 Benign tumors, description, 306 Big jaw. _See_ Actinomycosis. Black quarter. _See_ Blackleg. Blackleg-- description, cause and treatment, 459, 464 serum, relation to anthrax, 458 vaccine, note on distribution by Animal Industry Bureau, 463 Bladder-- eversion, description, and treatment, 218 or rectum, full, as obstruction to parturition, 178 palsy of neck, cause and treatment, 130 paralysis, causes and treatment, 128 rupture, symptoms, 218 spasms, description and treatment, 128 stone, symptoms and treatment, 142 Bladder worms-- affecting brain, description and treatment, 528 thin-necked, description and treatment, 528 Bleeding-- description and treatment, 83 lungs, description and treatment, 99 navel, cause and treatment, 248 nose, cause and treatment, 93 womb, description, symptoms, and treatment, 214 Blisters, water, symptoms and treatment, 328 Bloating, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 22 Blood-- clots on walls of vagina, description and treatment, 220 coagulated, under vaginal walls after calving, treatment, 179 description and influence of food on, 75 flukes (_Schistosoma bovis_), note, 526 parasites affecting, different kinds, 526 protozoa affecting, 510-536 vessels-- functions, 73 heart, lymphatics, diseases, chapter by W. H. Harbaugh, 73-86 Bloodsuckers affecting cattle, description and treatment, 519 Bloody milk, cause and treatment, 241 Bloody urine-- caused by blood flukes, 526 description, symptoms, and treatment, 119 Blue disease, cause, 253 Blue lice (_HÊmatopinus eurysternus_ and _H. vitali_), description, 512 Blue milk, cause and treatment, 242 Boils, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 328 Bones-- broken, description of kinds and treatment, 271-282 diseases and accidents, chapter by V. T. Atkinson, 264-288 dislocations, description and treatment, 282 face, fracture, description, and treatment, 277 luxations, description and treatment, 282 manner of nourishment, 264 number and description, 264 shape, classes, 265 Bony tumor, description and treatment, 314 _Boophilus annulatus_, Texas fever tick. _See Margaropus annulatus._ Bots affecting cattle, description and treatment, 507 Bovine tuberculosis and the public health, 429 Bowel hernia, description and treatment, 39 Bowels-- diseases affecting, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 34-43 obstruction resulting from invagination, symptoms and treatment, 35 twisting and knotting, symptoms, post-mortem appearance, and treatment, 35 Brain-- and its membranes, inflammation, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 103 bladder worms affecting, treatment, 527 _C[oe]nurus cerebralis_ _(Multiceps multiceps)_ affecting, treatment, 527 concussion, cause, symptoms, and treatment, 107 congestion, description and treatment, 106 description, 101 tumors, description, 112 Brazil, foot-and-mouth disease, 386 Breach-- navel, symptoms and treatment, 252 uterus, cause and treatment, 162 Breathing, suspended in young calves, discussion, 247 Bronchial tubes, parasites affecting, 530 Bronchitis-- description, symptoms, and treatment, 94 verminous-- description, symptoms, treatment, and prevention, 100 parasite (_Strongylus micrurus_), cause, 100 Brush, report of foot-and-mouth disease in man, 394 Buffalo gnats, description and remedy, 505 Bull, ringing, method, 291 Bulls, susceptibility to sarcoptic mange, 517 Burns and scalds, causes and treatment, 333 Calculi-- classification, 137 forms in different situations, 138 in prepuce or sheath, treatment, 144 renal, description and treatment, 139 urethral, description and treatment, 139 urinary-- classification, 137 description and causes, 130 effect of different feeds, 131 Calculus-- blocking teats, treatment, 243 prevention, 141 vesical or urethral, symptoms and treatment, 142 Calf-- attention necessary at birth, 247