TALKS ON MANURES A SERIES OF FAMILIAR AND PRACTICAL TALKS BETWEEN THE AUTHOR AND THE DEACON, THE DOCTOR, AND OTHER NEIGHBORS, ON THE WHOLE SUBJECT
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res and Fertilizers. by JOSEPH HARRIS, M.S. Author of “Walks and Talks on the Farm,” “Harris on the Pig,” etc. NEW AND
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t, and asked how it was manured. Dr. Vœlcker called out, “clover, Mr. Harris, clover.” In England, as in America, it requires very little observation and experience to convince any one o
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-dung--or rather, let the cows do the mixing.” LETTER FROM THE HON. HARRIS LEWIS. I wrote to the Hon. Harris Lewis, the well-known dairyman of Herkimer Co., N.Y., asking him some ques
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s to come--or until our young dairyman could afford to give it one of Harris Lewis’ “homœopathic” doses of 40 loads of good manure per acre. He would then be able to cut two crops of hay
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egard to the application of manure on a dairy-farm, we have seen what Harris Lewis does with his. I also wrote to T. L. Harison, Esq., of St. Lawrence Co., N.Y.; and knowing that he is n
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y year. I grow them in rotation with other crops, and not as the Hon. Harris Lewis and some others do, continuously on the same land. We manure liberally, but not extravagantly, and get
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rom Edward Jessop, York, Pa. YORK, PA., March 16, 1876. _Joseph Harris, Esq., Moreton Farm, Rochester, N.Y.:_ DEAR SIR--Your favor of the 22d of last month came safely to hand, an
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“CANADA FARMER” OFFICE, TORONTO, March 29, 1876. _J. Harris, Esq._: DEAR SIR--Yours of the 25th inst. is to hand, and I shall be most happy to render you any assistance
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Superphosphate for, 290-293 Lewis, Hon. Harris, Letter from, 103 Liebig’s Special Manures,
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both paragraphs (delete close quote) or changes (from the Doctor to Harris)_ For the superphosphate of lime, _text reads “superphoshate”_ Table VII.--Manures and Produce; 7th Season,
11 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 200 | 150 | .. | 200 | 200 | .. |
12 | .. | 300 | .. | .. | .. | 200 | 150 | .. | 150 | 150 | 500 |
12 | .. | 300 | .. | .. | .. | 200 | 150 | .. | 200 | 200 | .. |
13 | .. | 300 | .. | .. | .. | 200 | 150 | .. | 150 | 150 | 500 |
13 | .. | 300 | .. | .. | .. | 200 | 150 | .. | 200 | 200 | .. |
14 | .. | 300 | .. | .. | .. | 200 | 150 | .. | 150 | 150 | 500 |
14 | .. | 300 | .. | .. | .. | 200 | 150 | .. | 200 | 200 | .. |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
15 | .. | 300 | 200 | 100 | .. | 200 | .. | 200 | 300 | .. | .. |
15 | .. | 300 | 200 | 100 | .. | 200 | .. | 200 | 300 | .. | .. |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
16 | .. | 300 | 200 | 100 | .. | 200 | 150 | .. | 150 | 150 | 500 |
16 | .. | 300 | 200 | 100 | .. | 200 | 150 | .. | 150 | 150 | 500 |
17 | .. | 300 | 200 | 100 | .. | 200 | 150 | .. | 200 | 200 | .. |
17 | .. | 300 | 200 | 100 | .. | 200 | 150 | .. | 200 | 200 | .. |
18 | .. | 300 | 200 | 100 | .. | 200 | 150 | .. | 150 | 150 | .. |
18 | .. | 300 | 200 | 100 | .. | 200 | 150 | .. | 150 | 150 | .. |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
19 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 200 | .. | 200 | 300 | .. | 500 |
20 | Unmanured.| .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
21}| .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
22}| | | | | | | | | | | |
---+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
Produce
Wt/Bu Weight per Bushel.
OC Offal Corn.
TC Total Corn.
S&C Straw and Chaff.
TP/C&S Total Produce (Corn and Straw.)
C Corn.
TP Total Produce.
OCD Offal Corn to 100 Dressed.
C100 Corn to 100 Straw.
----------------------------------+-----------------+----+-----+----
| Increase per | | |
Produce per Acre, &c. | Acre By Manure. | | | P
--------------+----+----+----+----+-----+-----+-----+ | | l
Dressed Corn.| | | | | | | | | | o
--------+-----+ | | | TP | | | | | | t
Qty. |Wt/Bu|OC | TC |S&C |C&S | C | S&C | TP |OCD |C100 | s
--------+-----+----+----+----+----+-----+-----+-----+----+-----+----
Bu. Pks.|lbs. |lbs.|lbs.|lbs.|lbs.|lbs. |lbs. |lbs. | | |
19 0¾ |53.4 |138 |1259|2074|3333| 307 | 362 | 669|13.4| 60.7| 0
16 0¾ |59.6 |160 |1124|1735|2859| 172 | 23 | 195|16.3| 64.7| 1
23 2¾ |58.2 |210 |1705|3041|4746| 753 |1329 | 2082|13.8| 56.0| 2
14 3 |57.3 |106 | 952|1712|2664| .. | .. | .. |12.1| 55.6| 3
| | | | | | | | | | |
24 0½ |58.5 |172 |1583|2713|4296| 631 |1001 | 1632|12.0| 58.3| 4
| | | | | | | | | | |
29 3½ |59.2 |144 |1911|3266|5177| 959 |1554 | 2513| 7.9| 58.5| 5a
39 3½ |59.1 |107 |1932|3533|5465| 980 |1821 | 2801| 5.8| 57.5| 5b
24 3¼ |58.8 |214 |1672|2878|4550| 720 |1166 | 1886|14.6| 58.0| 6a
26 3 |56.9 |216 |1737|2968|4705| 785 |1256 | 2041|14.0| 58.5| 6b
30 3¼ |59.4 |106 |1936|3088|5024| 984 |1376 | 2360| 5.7| 62.6| 7a
29 3¼ |59.6 |187 |1963|3413|5376|1011 |1701 | 2712|10.3| 57.5| 7b
| | | | | | | | | | |
19 3 |56.2 |154 |1263|2317|3580| 311 | 605 | 916|13.6| 54.5| 8a
19 0¾ |59.4 |127 |1267|2148|3415| 315 | 436 | 751|11.1| 58.8| 8b
18 2½ |56.7 |125 |1181|1945|3126| 229 | 233 | 462|11.6| 60.7| 9a
25 0¼ |53.3 |208 |1669|2918|4587| 717 |1206 | 1923|13.9| 57.1| 9b
19 1 |58.1 |215 |1334|2367|3701| 382 | 655 | 1037|19.0| 56.3| 10a
25 0¼ |57.8 |155 |1604|2926|4530| 652 |1214 | 1866|10.6| 54.8| 10b
| | | | | | | | | | |
29 1½ |59.6 |233 |1984|3274|5258|1032 |1562 | 2594|13.1| 60.6| 11a
24 3 |57.9 |207 |1641|2898|4539| 689 |1186 | 1875|14.1| 56.4| 11b
29 3 |59.3 |174 |1938|3390|5328| 986 |1678 | 2664| 9.3| 57.2| 12a
26 0¾ |59.2 |167 |1717|2880|4597| 765 |1168 | 1933|10.7| 59.6| 12b
29 1½ |57.9 |253 |1955|3290|5245|1003 |1578 | 2581|14.7| 59.4| 13a
25 3¼ |58.4 |224 |1730|3072|4802| 778 |1360 | 2138|14.6| 56.3| 13b
28 0¼ |58.8 |184 |1834|3257|5091| 882 |1545 | 2427|11.1| 56.3| 14a
25 2½ |58.5 |227 |1726|2897|4623| 774 |1185 | 1959|15.1| 59.5| 14b
| | | | | | | | | | |
22 3½ |58.1 |242 |1571|2937|4508| 619 |1225 | 1844|18.1| 53.4| 15a
24 2¾ |56.9 |202 |1607|3016|4623| 655 |1304 | 1959|14.1| 53.2| 15b
| | | | | | | | | | |
29 3¼ |60.0 |184 |1973|3115|5088|1021 |1403 | 2424|10.2| 63.3| 16a
30 1¾ |58.4 |171 |1948|3380|5328| 996 |1668 | 2664| 9.4| 57.6| 16b
27 2½ |59.7 |285 |1933|3296|5229| 981 |1584 | 2565|17.0| 58.6| 17a
28 3½ |59.7 |222 |1946|3324|5270| 994 |1612 | 2606|12.6| 58.5| 17b
26 3 |59.2 |150 |1734|2935|4669| 782 |1223 | 2005| 9.2| 59.0| 18a
26 2¾ |59.6 |215 |1804|3056|4860| 852 |1344 | 2196|13.3| 58.7| 18b
| | | | | | | | | | |
29 1¾ |56.2 |185 |1838|3295|5133| 886 |1583 | 2469|10.4| 55.7| 19
16 0½ |58.3 |111 |1050|1721|2771| 98 | 9 | 107|11.3| 61.0| 20
.. .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |}21
| | | | | | | | | | |}22
--------+-----+----+----+----+----+-----+-----+-----+----+-----+----
This season was considered unfavorable for wheat. The continuously
unmanured plot produced 14¾ bushels, and the plot receiving 14 tons of
barn yard manure, 25¾ bushels per acre nearly.
300 lbs. of ammonia-salts alone on plot 10_a_, gave 19¼ bushels per
acre, while the same quantity of ammonia, with superphosphate in
addition, gave, on plot 9_b_, 25 bushels per acre.
The addition to the above manures of 300 lbs. of potash, 200 lbs. soda,
and 100 lbs. sulphate of magnesia, on plot 10_b_, gave precisely the
same yield per acre as the ammonia and the superphosphate alone. _The
potash, soda, and magnesia, therefore, did no good._
400 lbs. of ammonia-salts, with superphosphate, potash, etc., gave, on
plot 17_b_, nearly 29 bushels per acre, or 3½ bushels more than the plot
which has now received 70 tons of barn-yard manure in five successive
years.
“I see that, on plot 0,” said the Deacon, “one ton of superphosphate was
used per acre, and it gave only half a bushel per acre more than 350
lbs. on 9_a_.”
“This proves,” said I, “that an excessive dose of superphosphate will do
no harm. I am not sure that 100 lbs. of a good superphosphate _drilled
in with the seed_, would not have done _as much good_ as a ton per
acre.”
“You say,” remarked the Deacon, “that the season was unfavorable for
wheat. And yet the no-manure plot produced nearly 15 bushels of wheat
per acre.”
“That is all true,” said I, “and yet the season was undoubtedly an
unfavorable one. This is shown not only in the less yield, but in the
inferior quality of the grain. The ‘dressed corn’ on the no-manure plot
this year only weighed 57⅓ lbs. per bushel, while last year it weighed
61 lbs. per bushel.”
“By the way,” said the Doctor, “what do Messrs. Lawes and Gilbert mean
by ‘dressed corn’?”
“By ‘corn,’” said I, “they mean wheat; and by ‘dressed corn’ they mean
wheat that has been run through a fanning-mill until all the light and
shrunken grain is blown or sieved out. In other words, ‘dressed corn’ is
wheat carefully cleaned for market. The English farmers take more pains
in cleaning their grain than we do. And this ‘dressed corn’ was as clean
as a good fanning-mill could make it. You will observe that there was
more ‘offal corn’ this year than last. This also indicates an
unfavorable season.”
“It would have been very interesting,” said the Doctor, “if Messrs.
Lawes and Gilbert had analyzed the wheat produced by the different
manures, so that we might have known something in regard to the quality
of the flour as influenced by the use of different fertilizers.”
“They did that very thing,” said I, “and not only that, but they made
the wheat grown on different plots, into flour, and ascertained the
yield of flour from a given weight of wheat, and the amount of bran,
middlings, etc., etc. They obtained some very interesting and important
results. I was there at the time. But this is not the place to discuss
the question. I am often amused, however, at the remarks we often hear
in regard to the inferior quality of our wheat as compared to what it
was when the country was new. Many seem to think that ‘there is
something lacking in the soil’--some say potash, and some phosphates,
and some this, and some that. I believe nothing of the kind. Depend upon
it, the variety of the wheat and the soil and season have much more to
do with the quality or strength of the flour, than the chemical
composition of the manures applied to the land.”
“At any rate,” said the Doctor, “we may be satisfied that anything that
will produce a vigorous, healthy growth of wheat is favorable to
quality. We may use manures in excess, and thus produce over-luxuriance
and an unhealthy growth, and have poor, shrunken grain. In this case, it
is not the use, but the abuse of the manure that does the mischief. We
must not manure higher than the season will bear. As yet, this question
rarely troubles us. Hitherto, as a rule, our seasons are better than our
farming. It may not always be so. We may find the liberal use of manure
so profitable that we shall occasionally use it in excess. At present,
however, the tendency is all the other way. We have more grain of
inferior quality from lack of fertility than from an excess of
plant-food.”
“That may be true,” said I, “but we have more poor, inferior wheat from
lack of draining and good culture, than from lack of plant-food.
Red-root, thistles, cockle, and chess, have done more to injure the
reputation of ‘Genesee Flour,’ than any other one thing, and I should
like to hear more said about thorough cultivation, and the destruction
of weeds, and less about soil exhaustion.”
The following table shows the results of the experiments the _sixth
year_, 1848-9.
Experiments at Rothamsted on the Growth of Wheat, Year After Year,
on the Same Land.
Table VI.--Manures and Produce; 6th Season, 1848-9. Manures and Seed
(Red Cluster), Sown Autumn, 1848.
Manures
FM Farm-yard Manure.
P-A Pearl-ash.
S-A Soda-ash.
SMg Sulphate of Magnesia.
B-A Bone-ash.
SAc Sulphuric Acid. (Sp. gr. 1.7)
MAc Muriatic Acid.
SAm Sulphate of Ammonia.
MAm Muriate of Ammonia.
RC Rape-cake.
----+----------------------------------------------------------+
| |
| Manures per Acre. |
P +-----+-----+-----+-----+-----------------+-----+-----+----+
l | | | | | Superphosphate | | | |
o | | | | | of Lime. | | | |
t | | | | +-----+-----+-----+ | | |
s | FM | P-A | S-A | SMg | B-A | SAc | MAc | SAm | MAm | RC |
----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+----+
|Tons.|lbs. |lbs. |lbs. |lbs. |lbs. |lbs. |lbs. |lbs. |lbs.|
0 | .. | .. | .. | .. | 600 | 450 | .. | .. | .. | ..|
1 | .. | 600 | 400 | 200 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | ..|
2 | 14 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | ..|
3 |Unmanured. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | ..|
| | | | | | | | | | |
4 | .. | .. | .. | .. | 200 | .. | 200 | 300 | .. | ..|
| | | | | | | | | | |
5a | .. | 300 | 200 | 100 | 200 | 150 | .. | 250 | 250 | ..|
5b | .. | 300 | 200 | 100 | 200 | 150 | .. | 200 | 200 | 500|
6a | .. | 300 | 200 | 100 | 200 | 150 | .. | 200 | 200 | ..|
6b | .. | 300 | 200 | 100 | 200 | 150 | .. | 200 | 200 | ..|
7a | .. | 300 | 200 | 100 | 200 | 150 | .. | 200 | 200 | ..|
7b | .. | 300 | 200 | 100 | 200 | 150 | .. | 200 | 200 | ..|
| | | | | | | | | | |
8a |Unmanured. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | ..|
8b | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |2000|
9a | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |2000|
9b |Unmanured. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | ..|
10a | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 200 | 200 | ..|
10b | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 200 | 200 | ..|
| | | | | | | | | | |
11a | .. | .. | .. | .. | 200 | 150 | .. | 200 | 200 | ..|
11b | .. | .. | .. | .. | 200 | 150 | .. | 200 | 200 | ..|
12a | .. | 300 | .. | .. | 200 | 150 | .. | 200 | 200 | ..|
12b | .. | 300 | .. | .. | 200 | 150 | .. | 200 | 200 | ..|
13a | .. | 300 | .. | .. | 200 | 150 | .. | 200 | 200 | ..|
13b | .. | 300 | .. | .. | 200 | 150 | .. | 200 | 200 | ..|
14a | .. | 300 | .. | .. | 200 | 150 | .. | 200 | 200 | ..|
14b | .. | 300 | .. | .. | 200 | 150 | .. | 200 | 200 | ..|
| | | | | | | | | | |
15a | .. | 300 | 200 | 100 | 200 | .. | 200 | 300 | .. | ..|
15b | .. | 300 | 200 | 100 | 200 | .. | 200 | 300 | .. | 500|
| | | | | | | | | | |
16a | .. | 300 | 200 | 100 | 200 | 150 | .. | 200 | 200 | ..|
16b | .. | 300 | 200 | 100 | 200 | 150 | .. | 200 | 200 | ..|
17a | .. | 300 | 200 | 100 | 200 | 150 | .. | 200 | 200 | ..|
17b | .. | 300 | 200 | 100 | 200 | 150 | .. | 200 | 200 | ..|
18a | .. | 300 | 200 | 100 | 200 | 150 | .. | 200 | 200 | ..|
18b | .. | 300 | 200 | 100 | 200 | 150 | .. | 200 | 200 | ..|
| | | | | | | | | | |
19 | .. | .. | .. | .. | 200 | .. | 200 | 300 | .. | 500|
20 |Unmanured. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | ..|
| | | | | | | | | | |
21 }|Mixture of the residue of most of the other | .. | ..|
22 }| manures. | | |
----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+----+
Produce
Wt/Bu Weight per Bushel.
OC Offal Corn.
TC Total Corn.
S&C Straw and Chaff.
TP/C&S Total Produce (Corn and Straw.)
C Corn.
TP Total Produce.
OCD Offal Corn to 100 Dressed.
C100 Corn to 100 Straw.
----------------------------------+-----------------+----+----+----
| Increase per | | |
Produce per Acre, &c. | Acre By Manure.| | | P
--------------+----+----+----+----+-----+-----+-----+ | | l
Dressed Corn.| | | | | | | | | | o
--------+-----+ | | | TP | | | | | | t
Qty. |Wt/Bu| OC | TC |S&C |C&S | C | S&C | TP |OCD |C100| s
--------+-----+----+----+----+----+-----+-----+-----+----+----+----
Bu Pks.|lbs. |lbs.|lbs.|lbs.|lbs.|lbs. |lbs. |lbs. | | |
.. .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0
.. .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 1
31 0 |63.8 |107 |2068|3029|5097| 839|1415 | 2254|4.7 |68.3| 2
19 1 |61.4 | 47 |1229|1614|2843| .. | .. | .. |3.9 |76.1| 3
| | | | | | | | | | |
30 0 |63.0 |110 |2063|2645|4708| 834|1031 | 1865|5.6 |78.0| 4
| | | | | | | | | | |
37 1¼ |63.1 | 89 |2446|3589|6035| 1217|1975 | 3192|3.7 |68.1| 5a
39 3½ |63.4 | 97 |2651|3824|6475| 1422|2210 | 3632|5.0 |69.3| 5b
36 1½ |63.0 |117 |2410|3072|5482| 1181|1458 | 2639|5.1 |78.4| 6a
37 3¾ |63.0 | 94 |2484|3516|6000| 1255|1902 | 3157|3.9 |70.6| 6b
38 2¼ |63.1 |137 |2576|3584|6160| 1347|1970 | 3317|5.6 |71.9| 7a
37 3¾ |62.9 |141 |2531|3396|5927| 1302|1782 | 3084|5.9 |74.5| 7b
| | | | | | | | | | |
22 3 |61.7 | 76 |1481|1815|3296| 252| 201 | 453|5.3 |81.6| 8a
31 2½ |63.0 | 85 |2080|3166|5246| 851|1552 | 2403|4.3 |65.7| 8b
30 2¾ |62.8 |111 |2035|2683|4718| 806|1069 | 1875|5.8 |75.8| 9a
22 1½ |62.3 | 80 |1475|1810|3285| 246| 196 | 432|5.7 |81.5| 9b
32 2¼ |62.3 |112 |2141|2851|4992| 912|1237 | 2149|5.5 |75.1| 10a
32 1¼ |63.3 |110 |2157|2960|5117| 928|1346 | 2274|5.3 |72.9| 10b
| | | | | | | | | | |
35 0½ |62.6 |121 |2317|2892|5209| 1088|1278 | 2366|5.6 |80.1| 11a
32 1¼ |63.0 |112 |2149|2942|5091| 920|1328 | 2248|5.5 |73.0| 11b
35 3¼ |64.3 | 93 |2396|3371|5767| 1167|1757 | 2924|4.1 |71.1| 12a
34 1¼ |64.3 | 71 |2277|3300|5577| 1048|1687 | 2735|3.2 |69.0| 12b
34 3¾ |64.1 |101 |2340|3236|5576| 1111|1622 | 2733|4.5 |72.3| 13a
34 2¼ |64.1 |129 |2346|3246|5592| 1117|1632 | 2749|5.8 |72.3| 13b
34 1½ |64.3 | 56 |2266|3211|5477| 1037|1597 | 2634|2.5 |70.6| 14a
31 1¼ |64.3 |112 |2123|3218|5341| 894|1604 | 2498|5.5 |66.0| 14b
| | | | | | | | | | |
31 3¼ |64.2 | 65 |2109|3038|5147| 880|1424 | 2304|3.2 |69.4| 15a
30 0¾ |64.1 | 68 |2005|3262|5267| 776|1648 | 2424|3.5 |61.5| 15b
| | | | | | | | | | |
33 1½ |64.5 |101 |2254|3384|5638| 1025|1770 | 2795|4.7 |66.6| 16a
33 3¾ |64.6 | 75 |2268|3559|5827| 1039|1945 | 2984|3.4 |63.7| 16b
34 1 |64.3 |111 |2316|3891|6207| 1087|2277 | 3364|5.1 |59.4| 17a
33 1½ |64.4 |112 |2259|3858|6117| 1030|2244 | 3274|5.2 |58.5| 17b
32 1¼ |64.0 | 93 |2163|3592|5755| 934|1978 | 2912|4.5 |60.2| 18a
33 2¼ |64.0 | 95 |2243|3779|6022| 1014|2165 | 3179|4.4 |59.3| 18b
| | | | | | | | | | |
29 2¼ |63.9 |102 |1994|3270|5264| 765|1656 | 2421|5.4 |61.0| 19
.. .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 20
.. .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |}21
| | | | | | | | | | |}22
--------+-----+----+----+----+----+-----+-----+-----+----+----+----
“This was my last year at Rothamsted,” said I, “and I feel a peculiar
interest in looking over the results after such a lapse of time. When
this crop was growing, my father, a good practical farmer, but with
little faith in chemical manures, paid me a visit. We went to the
experimental wheat-field. The first two plots, 0 and 1, had been
dressed, the one with superphosphate, the other with potash, soda, and
magnesia. My father did not seem much impressed with this kind of
chemical manuring. Stepping to the next plot, where 14 tons of barn-yard
manure had been used, he remarked, “this is good, what have you here?”
“Never mind,” said I, “we have better crops farther on.”
The next plot, No. 3, was the one continuously unmanured. “I can beat
this myself,” said he, and passed on to the next. “This is better,” said
he, “what have you here?”
“Superphosphate and sulphate of ammonia.”
“Well, it is a good crop, and the straw is bright and stiff.”--It turned
out 30 bushels per acre, 63 lbs. to the bushel.
The next six plots had received very heavy dressings of ammonia-salts,
with superphosphate, potash, soda, and magnesia. He examined them with
the greatest interest. “What have you here?” he asked, while he was
examining 5_a_, which afterwards turned out 37¼ bushels per
acre. --“Potash, soda, epsom-salts, superphosphate, and ammonia--but it
is the ammonia that does the good.”
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Talks on Manures A Series of Familiar and Practical Talks Between the Author and the Deacon, the Doctor, and Other Neighbors, on the Whole Subject
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