TOMATO PRODUCTS: PULP, KETCHUP, AND CHILI SAUCE
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f solids, and it is a simple matter to calculate the volume which the same pulp would make if concentrated to any other specific gravity. This calculation is explained on page =54=—in
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atoes, this 35 or 40 pounds made from the trimming stock contains the same amount of molds as the 85 pounds manufactured from the whole tomatoes. The mold count of the trimming stock p
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may be obtained from the following formula which is derived from the same table: Per cent Solids = 228 (sp. gr. of pulp - 1.000) + 19.1 (sp. gr. of pulp - 1.015). 2. BY THE EXAMI
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so be calculated by the following formula, which was derived from the same table: Per cent Solids in Filtrate = 230 (sp. gr. of filtrate - 1.000). The per cent of solids in the pulp
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g it as “Assay pulp balance E. & A. No. 292, capacity 300 grams.” The same balance, more heavily built, and preferable for that reason, carrying a maximum capacity of 600 grams, is lis
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pulp and the specific gravity (obtained by an accurate method) of the same pulp cooled without evaporation. In the hands of a careful operator some manufacturers have found hydrometers
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d pulp taken from the evaporating tank, the per cent of solids of the same, the specific gravity of the filtrate and the Brix reading of the filtrate. In order to use the tables, it is
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ws the volume of pulp to be 680 gallons. Table 9 may be used in the same way for calculating the volume of any pulp, hot or cold, of any specified specific gravity equivalent to a ce
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accordingly. Final concentration of the ketchup is controlled in the same manner as for pulp, either by a gauged tank or by specific gravity determination. If we start, therefore, wit
705 | 1.220 | 18.6 | 50.4 | 6.2 | 8.0 |
706 | 1.145 | 11.7 | 48.3 | 6.3 | 7.6 |
+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+---------+
(a) Determined by drying _in vacuo_ at 70° C.
(b) Unconcentrated tomato juice from peeling table.
(c) No. 1662 concentrated.
(d) Clear liquor separated from unconcentrated pulp on standing.
(e) Expressed as invert.
TABLE 4.—_Comparison of Methods for the Determination and Calculation
of Solids in Whole Tomato Pulp_
========================================================
| Solids in liquor from filtered pulp |
+-----------+----------------------------------+
|By drying | Calculated from-- |
|_in vacuo_+-------------+----------+----------+
Sample | at | Immersion | | |
No. | 70° C. |refractometer| Specific |Specific |
| | reading |gravity(1)|gravity(2)|
--------+----------+-------------+----------+----------+
|_Per cent_| _Per cent_ |_Per cent_|_Per cent_|
1290 | 5.24 | 5.31 | 5.35 | 5.35 |
1291 | 5.71 | 5.67 | 5.78 | 5.80 |
1292 | 4.88 | 4.87 | 4.85 | 4.85 |
1293 | 6.28 | 6.21 | 6.33 | 6.35 |
1294 | 5.82 | 5.79 | 5.87 | 5.89 |
| | | | |
1295 | 7.69 | 7.67 | 7.82 | 7.82 |
1296 | 8.05 | 7.88 | ... | ... |
1297 | 10.27 | 10.27 | 10.25 | 10.26 |
1299 | 9.09 | 9.06 | 9.05 | 9.06 |
1300 | 6.88 | 6.91 | 6.98 | 6.99 |
| | | | |
1301 | 6.68 | 6.59 | ... | ... |
1302 | 6.61 | 6.64 | 6.73 | 6.74 |
1303 | 7.29 | 7.34 | 7.42 | 7.43 |
1304 | 6.20 | 6.16 | 6.30 | 6.30 |
1305 | 7.98 | 7.98 | ... | ... |
| | | | |
1306 | 8.01 | 8.05 | ... | ... |
1307 | 6.97 | 6.96 | 7.08 | 7.08 |
1481 | 9.64 | 9.67 | 9.68 | 9.68 |
1482 | 9.86 | 9.81 | 9.70 | 9.71 |
1483 | 10.19 | 10.21 | 10.15 | 10.14 |
| | | | |
1484 | 9.23 | 9.15 | 9.10 | 9.11 |
1485 | 7.73 | 7.64 | 7.63 | 7.64 |
1479 | 8.96 | 9.03 | 8.87 | 8.88 |
1486 | 3.76 | ... | 3.62 | 3.63 |
1491 | 4.40 | 4.44 | 4.30 | 4.32 |
| | | | |
1496 | 7.31 | 7.39 | 7.30 | 7.31 |
1515 | 7.61 | 7.70 | 7.60 | 7.61 |
1529 | 4.54 | 4.52 | 4.47 | 4.49 |
1530 | 5.42 | 5.32 | 5.30 | 5.31 |
1531 | 6.27 | 6.25 | 6.27 | 6.28 |
1325 | 6.99 | 7.13 | ... | ... |
--------+----------+-------------+----------+----------+
===================================================================
| Solids in whole pulp |
+----------+-------------+--------------------------------+
| By | Calculated | Calculated from specific |
| drying | from | gravity of-- |
|_in vacuo_| immersion +----------+----------+----------+
Sample | at 70° C.|refractometer|Filtered | Whole | Filtered |
No. | | reading |liquor[3] | pulp | liquor[4)|
--------+----------+-------------+----------+----------+----------+
|_Per cent_| _Per cent_ |_Per cent_|_Per cent_|_Per cent_|
1290 | 5.94 | 5.95 | 6.00 | 5.97 | 5.99 |
1291 | 6.54 | 6.36 | 6.48 | 6.47 | 6.50 |
1292 | 5.50 | 5.47 | 5.44 | 5.52 | 5.43 |
1293 | 7.02 | 6.96 | 7.10 | 6.98 | 7.11 |
1294 | 6.48 | 6.49 | 6.58 | 6.45 | 6.60 |
| | | | | |
1295 | 8.67 | 8.59 | 8.77 | 8.63 | 8.76 |
1296 | 9.00 | 8.83 | ... | 9.11 | ... |
1297 | 11.20 | 11.50 | 11.47 | 11.20 | 11.49 |
1299 | 10.07 | 10.15 | 10.14 | 10.02 | 10.15 |
1300 | 7.70 | 7.75 | 7.82 | 7.68 | 7.83 |
| | | | | |
1301 | 7.36 | 7.38 | ... | 7.43 | ... |
1302 | 7.45 | 7.44 | 7.54 | 7.40 | 7.55 |
1303 | 8.17 | 8.23 | 8.33 | 8.12 | 8.32 |
1304 | 6.88 | 6.90 | 7.06 | 6.95 | 7.06 |
1305 | 9.03 | 8.94 | ... | 8.88 | ... |
| | | | | |
1306 | 8.95 | 9.02 | ... | 8.86 | ... |
1307 | 7.86 | 7.81 | 7.93 | 7.83 | 7.93 |
1481 | 10.82 | 10.83 | 10.84 | 10.80 | 10.84 |
1482 | 10.83 | 10.98 | 10.86 | 10.70 | 10.88 |
1483 | 11.21 | 11.43 | 11.36 | 11.17 | 11.36 |
| | | | | |
1484 | 10.27 | 10.25 | 10.19 | 10.17 | 10.20 |
1485 | 8.55 | 8.56 | 8.55 | 8.30 | 8.56 |
1479 | 10.00 | 10.10 | 9.94 | 9.88 | 9.85 |
1486 | 4.34 | ... | 4.05 | 3.90 | 4.07 |
1491 | 4.97 | 4.97 | 4.82 | 4.62 | 4.84 |
| | | | | |
1496 | 8.27 | 8.28 | 8.18 | 8.15 | 8.29 |
1515 | 8.56 | 8.63 | 8.52 | 8.40 | 8.52 |
1529 | 5.11 | 5.06 | 5.01 | 4.90 | 5.03 |
1530 | 6.21 | 5.97 | 5.94 | 5.97 | 5.95 |
1531 | 7.17 | 7.01 | 7.04 | 6.92 | 7.03 |
1325 | 7.86 | 7.99 | ... | 7.81 | ... |
--------+----------+-------------+----------+----------+----------+
(1) From formula on page 30.
(2) The solution factor of O’Sullivan (J. Chem. Soc., 1876, p. 129)
was employed with slight modification. The formula employed was
1000(_d_ - 1000) / 4.35 = per cent solids. In this formula
_d_ = specific gravity of solution at 20° C.
(3) From formula on page 31.
(4) For these figures the formula of footnote 2 was employed and the
results multiplied by 1.12
TABLE 5.—_Tomato Pulp and Filtered Liquor_
========================================================================
Whole pulp | Filtrate from pulp |
------------------------------+---------------------+---------+--------+
Solids by drying | | Solids by drying |Immersion| |
---------------------+ +---------------------+refract- | |
_In vacuo_| At |Specific|_In vacuo_| At | ometer |Specific|
at 70° C.| atmo- |gravity | at 70° C.| atmo- |reading | gravity|
| spheric | at | | spheric | at | at |
| pressure | 20° C. | | pressure |17.5° C. | 20° C.|
| 100° C.| | | 100° C | | |
----------+----------+--------+----------+----------+---------+--------+
_Per cent_|_Per cent_| |_Per cent_|_Per cent_| | |
3.42 | 3.15 | 1.0150 | 3.05 | 2.71 | 26.9 | 1.0133 |
3.47 | 3.20 | 1.0152 | 3.10 | 2.75 | 27.1 | 1.0136 |
3.53 | 3.25 | 1.0155 | 3.15 | 2.80 | 27.3 | 1.0138 |
3.58 | 3.30 | 1.0157 | 3.20 | 2.85 | 27.5 | 1.0140 |
3.64 | 3.35 | 1.0159 | 3.25 | 2.89 | 27.7 | 1.0142 |
| | | | | | |
3.70 | 3.41 | 1.0161 | 3.30 | 2.93 | 27.9 | 1.0144 |
3.76 | 3.46 | 1.0163 | 3.35 | 2.97 | 28.1 | 1.0146 |
3.81 | 3.51 | 1.0166 | 3.40 | 3.02 | 28.3 | 1.0149 |
3.87 | 3.56 | 1.0168 | 3.45 | 3.07 | 28.6 | 1.0151 |
3.92 | 3.61 | 1.0170 | 3.50 | 3.11 | 28.8 | 1.0153 |
| | | | | | |
3.98 | 3.67 | 1.0172 | 3.55 | 3.15 | 29.0 | 1.0155 |
4.03 | 3.72 | 1.0174 | 3.60 | 3.20 | 29.2 | 1.0157 |
4.09 | 3.77 | 1.0177 | 3.65 | 3.24 | 29.4 | 1.0160 |
4.15 | 3.82 | 1.0179 | 3.70 | 3.28 | 29.6 | 1.0162 |
4.20 | 3.87 | 1.0181 | 3.75 | 3.33 | 29.8 | 1.0164 |
| | | | | | |
4.26 | 3.93 | 1.0183 | 3.80 | 3.38 | 30.0 | 1.0166 |
4.31 | 3.98 | 1.0185 | 3.85 | 3.42 | 30.3 | 1.0168 |
4.37 | 4.03 | 1.0188 | 3.90 | 3.46 | 30.5 | 1.0170 |
4.43 | 4.08 | 1.0190 | 3.95 | 3.51 | 30.7 | 1.0173 |
4.48 | 4.13 | 1.0192 | 4.00 | 3.55 | 30.9 | 1.0175 |
| | | | | | |
4 54 | 4.18 | 1.0194 | 4.05 | 3.60 | 31.1 | 1.0177 |
4.59 | 4.23 | 1.0197 | 4.10 | 3.64 | 31.3 | 1.0179 |
4.65 | 4.28 | 1.0199 | 4.15 | 3.69 | 31.5 | 1.0181 |
4.71 | 4.33 | 1.0201 | 4.20 | 3.73 | 31.7 | 1.0183 |
4.76 | 4.38 | 1.0203 | 4.25 | 3.78 | 31.9 | 1.0185 |
| | | | | | |
4.82 | 4.44 | 1.0205 | 4.30 | 3.82 | 32.1 | 1.0188 |
4.87 | 4.49 | 1.0208 | 4.35 | 3.86 | 32.3 | 1.0190 |
4.93 | 4.54 | 1.0210 | 4.40 | 3.91 | 32.5 | 1.0192 |
4.99 | 4.59 | 1.0212 | 4.45 | 3.95 | 32.7 | 1.0194 |
5.04 | 4.64 | 1.0215 | 4.50 | 4.00 | 32.9 | 1.0196 |
----------+----------+--------+----------+----------+---------+--------+
TABLE 5.—_Tomato Pulp and Filtered Liquor_—Continued
========================================================================
Whole pulp | Filtrate from pulp |
------------------------------+---------------------+---------+--------+
Solids by drying | | Solids by drying |Immersion| |
---------------------+ +---------------------+refract- | |
_In vacuo_| At |Specific|_In vacuo_| At | ometer |Specific|
at 70° C.| atmo- |gravity | at 70° C.| atmo- |reading | gravity|
| spheric | at | | spheric | at | at |
| pressure | 20° C. | | pressure |17.5° C. | 20° C.|
| 100° C.| | | 100° C | | |
----------+----------+--------+----------+----------+---------+--------+
_Per cent_|_Per cent_| |_Per cent_|_Per cent_| | |
5.10 | 4.70 | 1.0217 | 4.55 | 4.04 | 33.1 | 1.0198 |
5.16 | 4.75 | 1.0219 | 4.60 | 4.09 | 33.3 | 1.0200 |
5.21 | 4.80 | 1.0222 | 4.65 | 4.13 | 33.6 | 1.0203 |
5.27 | 4.85 | 1.0224 | 4.70 | 4.18 | 33.8 | 1.0205 |
5.33 | 4.90 | 1.0226 | 4.75 | 4.22 | 34.0 | 1.0207 |
| | | | | | |
5.38 | 4.96 | 1.0228 | 4.80 | 4.26 | 34.2 | 1.0209 |
5.44 | 5.01 | 1.0230 | 4.85 | 4.31 | 34.4 | 1.0211 |
5.49 | 5.06 | 1.0233 | 4.90 | 4.36 | 34.6 | 1.0213 |
5.55 | 5.11 | 1.0235 | 4.95 | 4.40 | 34.8 | 1.0216 |
5.60 | 5.16 | 1.0237 | 5.00 | 4.44 | 35.0 | 1.0218 |
| | | | | | |
5.66 | 5.21 | 1.0240 | 5.05 | 4.49 | 35.2 | 1.0220 |
5.72 | 5.26 | 1.0242 | 5.10 | 4.53 | 35.4 | 1.0223 |
5.77 | 5.31 | 1.0244 | 5.15 | 4.58 | 35.6 | 1.0225 |
5.83 | 5.36 | 1.0247 | 5.20 | 4.62 | 35.8 | 1.0227 |
5.88 | 5.41 | 1.0249 | 5.25 | 4.66 | 36.0 | 1.0229 |
| | | | | | |
5.94 | 5.47 | 1.0251 | 5.30 | 4.71 | 36.2 | 1.0231 |
6.00 | 5.52 | 1.0253 | 5.35 | 4.75 | 36.4 | 1.1333 |
6.05 | 5.57 | 1.0256 | 5.40 | 4.80 | 36.6 | 1.0235 |
6.11 | 5.62 | 1.0258 | 5.45 | 4.84 | 36.8 | 1.0238 |
6.16 | 5.67 | 1.0260 | 5.50 | 4.89 | 37.1 | 1.0240 |
| | | | | | |
6.22 | 5.73 | 1.0263 | 5.55 | 4.93 | 37.3 | 1.0242 |
6.28 | 5.78 | 1.0265 | 5.60 | 4.98 | 37.5 | 1.0244 |
6.33 | 5.83 | 1.0267 | 5.65 | 5.02 | 37.7 | 1.0246 |
6.39 | 5.88 | 1.0270 | 5.70 | 5.06 | 37.9 | 1.0249 |
6.45 | 5.93 | 1.0272 | 5.75 | 5.11 | 38.1 | 1.0251 |
| | | | | | |
6.50 | 5.99 | 1.0274 | 5.80 | 5.15 | 38.3 | 1.0253 |
6.56 | 6.04 | 1.0276 | 5.85 | 5.20 | 38.5 | 1.0255 |
6.61 | 6.09 | 1.0279 | 5.90 | 5.24 | 38.7 | 1.0257 |
6.67 | 6.14 | 1.0281 | 5.95 | 5.29 | 38.9 | 1.0259 |
6.72 | 6.19 | 1.0283 | 6.00 | 5.33 | 39.1 | 1.0261 |
----------+----------+--------+----------+----------+---------+--------+
TABLE 5.—_Tomato Pulp and Filtered Liquor_—Continued
========================================================================
Whole pulp | Filtrate from pulp |
------------------------------+---------------------+---------+--------+
Solids by drying | | Solids by drying |Immersion| |
---------------------+ +---------------------+refract- | |
_In vacuo_| At |Specific|_In vacuo_| At | ometer |Specific|
at 70° C.| atmo- |gravity | at 70° C.| atmo- |reading | gravity|
| spheric | at | | spheric | at | at |
| pressure | 20° C. | | pressure |17.5° C. | 20° C.|
| 100° C.| | | 100° C | | |
----------+----------+--------+----------+----------+---------+--------+
_Per cent_|_Per cent_| |_Per cent_|_Per cent_| | |
6.78 | 6.24 | 1.0285 | 6.05 | 5.38 | 39.3 | 1.0263 |
6.84 | 6.29 | 1.0288 | 6.10 | 5.42 | 39.5 | 1.0266 |
6.89 | 6.35 | 1.0290 | 6.15 | 5.46 | 39.7 | 1.0268 |
6.95 | 6.41 | 1.0292 | 6.20 | 5.51 | 39.9 | 1.0270 |
7.01 | 6.46 | 1.0294 | 6.25 | 5.56 | 40.1 | 1.0272 |
| | | | | | |
7.06 | 6.51 | 1.0297 | 6.30 | 5.60 | 40.3 | 1.0274 |
7.12 | 6.56 | 1.0299 | 6.35 | 5.64 | 40.6 | 1.0277 |
7.17 | 6.61 | 1.0301 | 6.40 | 5.69 | 40.8 | 1.0279 |
7.23 | 6.66 | 1.0304 | 6.45 | 5.73 | 41.0 | 1.0281 |
7.28 | 6.71 | 1.0306 | 6.50 | 5.78 | 41.2 | 1.0283 |
| | | | | | |
7.34 | 6.76 | 1.0308 | 6.55 | 5.82 | 41.4 | 1.0285 |
7.40 | 6.82 | 1.0310 | 6.60 | 5.86 | 41.6 | 1.0287 |
7.45 | 6.87 | 1.0313 | 6.65 | 5.91 | 41.8 | 1.0290 |
7.51 | 6.92 | 1.0315 | 6.70 | 5.95 | 42.0 | 1.0292 |
7.56 | 6.97 | 1.0317 | 6.75 | 6.00 | 42.2 | 1.0294 |
| | | | | | |
7.62 | 7.02 | 1.0320 | 6.80 | 6.04 | 42.4 | 1.0296 |
7.68 | 7.08 | 1.0322 | 6.85 | 6.09 | 42.6 | 1.0298 |
7.74 | 7.13 | 1.0324 | 6.90 | 6.14 | 42.8 | 1.0300 |
7.79 | 7.18 | 1.0326 | 6.95 | 6.18 | 43.1 | 1.0303 |
7.85 | 7.23 | 1.0329 | 7.00 | 6.22 | 43.3 | 1.0305 |
| | | | | | |
7.90 | 7.28 | 1.0331 | 7.05 | 6.26 | 43.5 | 1.0307 |
7.96 | 7.33 | 1.0333 | 7.10 | 6.31 | 43.7 | 1.0309 |
8.02 | 7.38 | 1.0336 | 7.15 | 6.36 | 43.9 | 1.0311 |
8.07 | 7.43 | 1.0338 | 7.20 | 6.40 | 44.1 | 1.0313 |
8.12 | 7.48 | 1.0340 | 7.25 | 6.44 | 44.3 | 1.0315 |
| | | | | | |
8.18 | 7.54 | 1.0342 | 7.30 | 6.48 | 44.5 | 1.0318 |
8.24 | 7.59 | 1.0345 | 7.35 | 6.53 | 44.7 | 1.0320 |
8.30 | 7.64 | 1.0347 | 7.40 | 6.58 | 44.9 | 1.0322 |
8.35 | 7.69 | 1.0349 | 7.45 | 6.62 | 45.1 | 1.0324 |
8.40 | 7.74 | 1.0352 | 7.50 | 6.66 | 45.3 | 1.0326 |
----------+----------+--------+----------+----------+---------+--------+
TABLE 5.—_Tomato Pulp and Filtered Liquor_—Continued
========================================================================
Whole pulp | Filtrate from pulp |
------------------------------+---------------------+---------+--------+
Solids by drying | | Solids by drying |Immersion| |
---------------------+ +---------------------+refract- | |
_In vacuo_| At |Specific|_In vacuo_| At | ometer |Specific|
at 70° C.| atmo- |gravity | at 70° C.| atmo- |reading | gravity|
| spheric | at | | spheric | at | at |
| pressure | 20° C. | | pressure |17.5° C. | 20° C.|
| 100° C.| | | 100° C | | |
----------+----------+--------+----------+----------+---------+--------+
_Per cent_|_Per cent_| |_Per cent_|_Per cent_| | |
8.46 | 7.79 | 1.0354 | 7.55 | 6.71 | 45.5 | 1.0328 |
8.52 | 7.84 | 1.0356 | 7.60 | 6.76 | 45.7 | 1.0331 |
8.57 | 7.89 | 1.0358 | 7.65 | 6.80 | 45.9 | 1.0333 |
8.63 | 7.95 | 1.0361 | 7.70 | 6.84 | 46.2 | 1.0335 |
8.68 | 8.00 | 1.0363 | 7.75 | 6.89 | 46.4 | 1.0337 |
| | | | | | |
8.74 | 8.05 | 1.0365 | 7.80 | 6.93 | 46.6 | 1.0339 |
8.80 | 8.11 | 1.0367 | 7.85 | 6.98 | 46.8 | 1.0341 |
8.86 | 8.16 | 1.0370 | 7.90 | 7.02 | 47.0 | 1.0344 |
8.91 | 8.21 | 1.0372 | 7.95 | 7.07 | 47.2 | 1.0346 |
8.96 | 8.26 | 1.0374 | 8.00 | 7.11 | 47.4 | 1.0348 |
| | | | | | |
9.02 | 8.31 | 1.0377 | 8.05 | 7.16 | 47.6 | 1.0350 |
9.08 | 8.36 | 1.0379 | 8.10 | 7.20 | 47.8 | 1.0352 |
9.14 | 8.41 | 1.0381 | 8.15 | 7.24 | 48.0 | 1.0354 |
9.19 | 8.46 | 1.0383 | 8.20 | 7.28 | 48.2 | 1.0357 |
9.25 | 8.51 | 1.0386 | 8.25 | 7.33 | 48.4 | 1.0359 |
| | | | | | |
9.30 | 8.57 | 1.0388 | 8.30 | 7.38 | 48.6 | 1.0361 |
9.36 | 8.62 | 1.0390 | 8.35 | 7.42 | 48.8 | 1.0363 |
9.42 | 8.67 | 1.0393 | 8.40 | 7.46 | 49.0 | 1.0366 |
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