WOODWORKING TOOLS 1600-1900 TEXT

product shared. The later period, however, presents a striking contrast. Hand-tool design, with few exceptions, continued vigorous and functional amidst the confusion of an eclectic architecture, a flurry of rival styles, the horrors of the jigsaw, and the excesses of Victorian taste. In conclusion, it would seem that whether seeking some continuous thread in the evolution of a national style, or whether appraising American contributions to technology, such a search must rest, at least in part, upon the character and quality of the hand tools the society has made and used, because they offer a continuity largely unknown to other classes of material survivals. FOOTNOTES: [1] W.M. FLINDERS PETRIE, "History in Tools," _Annual Report Smithsonian Institution_, 1918, pp. 563-572 [reprint]. [2] JOHANN AMOS COMENIUS, _Orbis Sensualium Pictus_, transl. Charles Hoole (London, 1685), pp. 130, 143. [3] JOSEPH MOXON, _Mechanick Exercises or the Doctrine of Handy-Works_, 3rd. ed. (London, 1703), pp. 63, 119. [4] MARTIN, _Circle of the Mechanical Arts_ (1813), p. 123. [5] PETER NICHOLSON, _The Mechanic's Companion_ (Philadelphia, 1832), pp. 31, 89-90. [6] _Catalog_, Book 87, Cutler and Co., Castle Hill Works, Sheffield [in the collections of the Victoria and Albert Museum, London]; and _Illustrated Supplement to the Catalogue of Bench Planes_, Arrowmammett Works (Middletown, Conn., 1857) [in the Smithsonian Institution Library]. [7] York County Records, Virginia Deeds, Orders, and Wills, no. 13 (1706-1710), p. 248; and the inventory of Amasa Thompson in LAWRENCE B. ROMAINE, "A Yankee Carpenter and His Tools," _The Chronicle_ of the Early American Industries Association (July 1953), vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 33-34. [8] _Reports by the Juries: Exhibition of the Works of Industry of All Nations, 1851_ (London, 1852), p. 485. [9] U.S. patent specifications cited in this paragraph may be found at the U.S. Patent Office, Washington, D.C. [10] In 1865 George Parr in his application for an improved screwdriver stated categorically that the scalloped blade served no purpose other than decoration. See U.S. patent 45,854, dated January 10, 1865. [11] Francis A. Walker, ed., _United States Centennial Commission, International Exhibition, 1876, Reports and Awards, Group XV_ (Philadelphia, 1877), p. 5. [12] Ibid., p. 6. [13] Ibid., pp. 9-10. [14] Ibid., pp. 11-12. [15] Ibid., pp. 14, 44, 5. [16] Ibid., p. 13. [17] Restored patent 4,859X, August 24, 1827, National Archives, Washington, D.C. [18] U.S. pat. 16,889, U.S. Patent Office, Washington, D.C. The numbered specifications that follow may be found in the same place. [19] Walker, ed., _Reports and Awards_, group 15, p. 13. [20] Ibid. [21] _Tools_ (Boston, 1884), p. 54 [in the Smithsonian Institution Library]. [22] _Tools and Supplies_ (June 1900), no. 85 [in the Smithsonian Institution Library]. [23] Walker, op. cit. (footnote 19), p. 14. [24] _Tools for All Trades_ (New York, 1896), item 75 [in the Smithsonian Institution Library]. [25] See _Baldwin, Robbins & Co.: Illustrated Catalogue_ (Boston, 1894), pp. 954, 993 [in the Smithsonian Institution Library]. [26] Walker, op. cit. (footnote 19), p. 14. [27] _Tools and Supplies_, op. cit. (footnote 22). [28] _Mechanick Exercise_ ..., p. 62. [29] Ibid., p. 95. [30] Walker, op. cit. (footnote 19), pp. 31-49. [31] _Mechanick Exercises_ ..., p. 94. BIBLIOGRAPHY _Book of trades, or library of the useful arts._ 1st Amer. ed. Whitehall, N.Y., 1807. _Boy's book of trades._ London, 1866. _The cabinetmaker in eighteenth-century Williamsburg._ (Williamsburg Craft Series.) Williamsburg, Va., 1963. COMENIUS, JOHANN AMOS. _Orbis sensualium pictus._ Transl. Charles Hoole. London, 1664, 1685, 1777, et al. COTTER, JOHN L. _Archeological excavations at Jamestown, Virginia._ (No. 4 in Archeological Research Series.) Washington: National Park Service, 1958. DIDEROT, DENIS. _L'encyclopedie, ou dictionnaire raisonne des sciences, des arts et des metiers._ Paris, 1751-1765. EARLY AMERICAN INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION. _Chronicle._ Williamsburg, Va., 1933+. GILLISPIE, CHARLES COULSTON, ed. _A Diderot pictorial encyclopedia of trades and industry._ New York: Dover Publications, Inc., 1959. GOODMAN, W.L. _The history of woodworking tools._ London: G. Bell and Sons, Ltd., 1964. HOLTZAPFFEL, CHARLES. _Turning and mechanical manipulations._ London [1846]. KNIGHT, EDWARD HENRY. _Knight's American mechanical dictionary._ New York, 1874-1876. MARTIN, THOMAS. _The circle of the mechanical arts._ London, 1813. MERCER, HENRY C. _Ancient carpenters' tools._ Doylestown, Pennsylvania: The Bucks County Historical Society, 1951. MOXON, JOSEPH. _Mechanick exercises._ 3rd ed. London, 1703. NICHOLSON, PETER. _The mechanic's companion._ Philadelphia, 1832. PETERSEN, EUGENE T. _Gentlemen on the frontier: A pictorial record of the culture of Michilimackinac._ Mackinac Island, Mich., 1964. PETRIE, SIR WILLIAM MATTHEW FLINDERS. _Tools and weapons illustrated by the Egyptian collection in University College, London._ London, 1917. ROUBO, ANDRE-JACOB. _L'art du menuisier._ (In Henri-Louis Duhamel du Monceau, _Descriptions des arts et metiers_.) Paris, 1761-1788. SACHS, HANS. _Das Staendebuch: 114 Holzschnitte von Jost Amman, mit Reimen von Hans Sachs._ Leipzig: Insel-Verlag, 1934. SINGER, CHARLES, et al. _A history of technology._ 5 vols. New York and London: Oxford University Press, 1954-1958. SLOANE, ERIC. _A museum of early American tools._ New York: Wilfred Funk, Inc., 1964. TOMLINSON, CHARLES. _Illustrations of trades._ 2nd ed. London, 1867. WELSH, PETER C. "The Decorative Appeal of Hand Tools," _Antiques_, vol. 87, no. 2, February 1965, pp. 204-207. ---- U.S. patents, 1790-1870: New uses for old ideas. Paper 48 in _Contributions from the Museum of History and Technology:_ Papers 45-53 (U.S. National Museum Bulletin 241), by various authors; Washington: Smithsonian Institution, 1965. WILDUNG, FRANK H. _Woodworking tools at Shelburne Museum._ (No. 3 in Museum Pamphlet Series.) Shelburne, Vermont: The Shelburne Museum, 1957. U.S. Government Printing Office: 1966 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C., 20402--Price 70 cents _Paper 51, pages 178-228, from_ UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN [Illustration] CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE MUSEUM OF HISTORY AND TECHNOLOGY SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION . WASHINGTON, D.C. End of Project Gutenberg's Woodworking Tools 1600-1900, by Peter C. Welsh