SPECIAL REPORT ON DISEASES OF CATTLE TEXT

United States Bureau of Animal Industry · 1908 · 1.5 MB PUBLIC-DOMAIN BOOK BOOK DETAILS DOWNLOAD

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Page 1 4 matches E. BY Drs. ATKINSON, DICKSON, EICHHORN, HICKMAN, LAW, LOWE, MARSH, MOHLER, MURRAY, PEARSON, RANSOM, TRUMBOWER, and WOODWARD. * * * * * R Page 2 3 matches apart while the examination is being made. Any sharp edges of the molars must be removed by the tooth rasp, such as is used for horses. Any supernumerary tooth which interferes with Page 3 1 match he swelling of the glands, when submitted to proper treatment, disappears in a comparatively short time. In other cases, however, they remain enlarged, even after the animal recovers Page 4 6 matches e local vegetation is responsible for it. It is more prevalent some years than others, and is most common in old countries, where the soil is more or less depleted. Cattle pastured on Page 5 1 match _Symptoms._--Dullness; drooping of the ears; dryness of the muzzle; dry skin; staring coat; loins morbidly sensitive to pressure; fullness of the left fl Page 6 3 matches s with reluctance, moans occasionally, and has a tottering gait. The ears and horns are alternately hot and cold; in cows the secretion of milk is much diminished, and that which is s Page 7 10 matches SONS AND POISONING. By V. T. ATKINSON, V. S. [Revised by C. DWIGHT MARSH, Ph. D.] DEFINITION OF A POISON. To define clearly the meaning of the word "poison" is somewhat difficult Page 8 3 matches neral weakness and loss of condition. _Treatment._--The antidote for arsenic is a solution of hydrated oxid of iron in water. It should be prepared fresh by mixing a solution of sulp Page 9 4 matches return is hastened by excitement and in a short time again disappears, continuing to disappear and reappear until death results. As the poisonous effect advances the intervals bet Page 10 2 matches ELS, AND LYMPHATICS. By W. H. HARBAUGH, V. S. [Revised by Leonard Pearson, B. S., V. M. D.] THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM. In cattle, as in human beings, the heart, blood vessels, and l Page 11 2 matches petite are depressed or checked. The dung is hard, and to void it appears to cause pain. These symptoms usually develop gradually, and, of course, they vary considerably in different Page 12 5 matches ns with the respiratory apparatus. A cough is said to be dry, moist, harsh, hollow, difficult, paroxysmal, suppressed, sympathetic, etc., according to its character. It is a very impo Page 13 4 matches ∞ F., falls to 103∞ or 104∞, the pain decreases, the stiffness disappears, and the patient eats a little. The pulse softens, but remains quicker than normal. Now, day by day the patie Page 14 5 matches han normal. If suddenly aroused from the drowsy state, the animal appears startled and stares wildly. When moving about it may stagger, the hind quarters swaying from side to side. I Page 15 1 match ste material resulting from the destruction in the system of fats, sugars, starch, and such other foods as are wanting in the element nitrogen, and do not form fibrous tissues, but go Page 16 3 matches ptomaines of bacteria growth; hence the prevalence of "red water" in marshy districts and on clayey and other impervious soils, and the occurrence of bloody urine in the advanced stag Page 17 4 matches t to be guarded against is the supply of water that has drained from marshes or impervious soils, rich in organic matter, as such water is charged with nitrites, ptomaines, etc., whic Page 19 2 matches otash, but at times is displaced by oxalic or other acid and then appears as gritty, sandy particles in the stem. This gritty, insoluble silica is especially noticeable among the hors Page 22 5 matches e, driving on icy or otherwise slippery ground, carrying in railroad cars, kicking by vicious attendants, and fastening or throwing down for operations. The diet should be good, not o Page 23 5 matches f the winds. The same is to a large extent true of smut; hence, wet years have been often remarkable for the great prevalence of abortions. Abortions have greatly increased in New Zea Page 24 1 match ead, or the head without the fore feet, examine. If one hind foot appears without the other, make examination. The presenting limb or head should be secured by a rope with a running n Page 26 2 matches lvis, and the neck advancing, the head is bent back and the poll and ears either enter the pelvis or strike against its brim. The two forefeet present, but they make no progress, and Page 27 4 matches at the lower jaw may be reached and availed of. In case neither the ears nor the orbit can be reached, a cord should be passed around the neck of the calf as near the head as possibl Page 30 5 matches he heart (palpitations), sunken, staring eyes, coldness of the skin, ears, horns, and limbs, perspiration, weakness in standing, staggering gait, and, finally, inability to rise, and Page 31 3 matches or the hair stands erect, especially along the spine, and the horns, ears, and limbs are cold. The temperature in the rectum is elevated by one or two degrees, the pulse is small, har Page 32 6 matches e temperature raised, though not invariably so, the head, horns, and ears being especially hot and the veins of the head full, while the visible mucous membranes of nose and eyes are Page 33 2 matches ducts. Man is susceptible to foot-and-mouth disease, but it never appears during the frequent epidemics of scarlatina. Among other contagious forms of mammitis I may name one which I Page 34 2 matches cord is cut off too close to the navel and left untied and when it tears off at the navel. (Pl. XIV.) It may also bleed when torn across naturally, if it is sucked by the dam or anot Page 35 2 matches des failing to come together. Apart from this, the trouble rarely appears after the calf has been some time on solid feed, as the paunch then extends down to the right immediately ove Page 36 2 matches ive inflammation of the lungs. The infection clings to a stable for years, in many cases rendering it impossible to preserve and raise the calves. It has frequently coincided with abo Page 37 4 matches h the technical names and a scientific classification of each, it appears desirable to describe some of the characteristics of forms in general and of a few classes into which they ma Page 38 2 matches nd, if the animal should be of little value, irritable, advanced in years, and the fracture is a serious compound or comminuted one, the wiser course would generally be to put the cre Page 39 7 matches ed in a stall until the parts become reunited and the lameness disappears. Fracture of the posterior parts of the bone (ischium), which forms the point of the buttocks occasionally o Page 40 5 matches idered as secondary or predisposing causes. Sometimes the disease appears without any apparent cause. On the whole, it may be said that any of the above-mentioned factors may have mor Page 41 2 matches iter saw with a rigid back may be used. Various types of dehorning shears or clippers are in general use. One type of dehorner has a stationary knife edge with its cutting edge shaped Page 42 2 matches tively rare. Tumors are independent. For instance, their nutrition bears no relation to the nutrition of the body. A lipoma, or fatty tumor, in the subcutaneous tissue, may go on inc Page 43 7 matches or acids, such as sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid, caustic potash, arsenic, silver nitrate, or chromic acid, but it is difficult to limit the action of these drugs. The injection, Page 44 4 matches ng the fluid become firm, smooth, and dense. Outwardly the tumor appears fluctuating, though tense, while the skin which covers it may be normal, denuded of hair, or covered with har Page 45 9 matches le highly fed and closely stabled for a long winter. The erythema appears in patches, and as it is most common near the end of the winter it is known as the "spring eruption" or "spri Page 46 7 matches When they are small and pedunculated, they may be snipped off with shears and the stump touched with nitrate of silver. When they are broad and flattened, they may be dissected out an Page 47 12 matches hich is to facilitate their movements and enable them to retain the tears in the ocular cavity. The eyelid is composed of a fibrous inner membrane ending in a stiff arch near the bord Page 48 6 matches ay possibly be taken for the growth of a tumor. This generally disappears with the improvement of the health of the animal. Warts not uncommonly appear on or about the eyelids of catt Page 49 8 matches ntations and the injection of soapy water or oil and water. SCURFY EARS. Cattle are subject to scurfy ears, which may be owing to a generally morbid condition of the skin, or may b Page 50 6 matches wever, much interest was manifested in regard to it for a number of years, and as our cattle are still prohibited from some foreign markets on account of its previous existence here, Page 51 2 matches hened pleura; these can be appreciated, however, only by those whose ears have been trained to distinguish between the different sounds which reach the ear when applied to the chest w Page 52 6 matches ll insure the prompt discovery of every herd in which the disease appears, as well as the destruction of all diseased and exposed animals and the thorough disinfection of the premises Page 53 8 matches ._--Foot-and-mouth disease has prevailed in Europe for a great many years and has occasioned tremendous economic losses there. In Italy, France, Switzerland, Germany, and Russia the Page 54 6 matches s in the mouth and by the location of the disease at the tips of the ears, end of the tail, or upon the lower part of the legs, usually below the knees or hocks. The lesion of ergotis Page 55 4 matches uld be final. In blackleg the animals affected are usually under 2 years of age. The swellings are quite evident, and usually occur on the legs, above the knees or hocks, and are dis Page 56 4 matches vestigated tuberculosis in that country and who says that "30 or 40 years ago tuberculosis was unknown in Argentine cattle, and it is still unknown among the native (criollo) cattle. Page 57 4 matches of the animal is also manifested by a staring coat and a tough, dry, harsh skin (hidebound). Digestive disturbances are indicated by tympanites, or distention of the rumen by gas, col Page 58 10 matches ase. The value of tuberculin for this purpose was tested during the years 1890 and 1891 by Guttman, Roeckl and Sch¸tz, Bang and Salomonsen, Lydtin, Jˆhne and Siedamgrotzky, Nocard, an Page 59 5 matches ious effects of tuberculin. After using this test regularly for two years, Mr. Edwards wrote as follows: I have seen nothing to lead me to believe that the tuberculin test had an Page 60 9 matches or the discrimination between human and bovine bacilli, and which appears to be favored by Kossel, we must admit that bovine tuberculosis is an extremely important factor in the etiol Page 61 6 matches racter of the disease ever takes place. _Symptoms._--The disease appears in four to seven days after natural infection, or may evince itself in two or three days as the result of art Page 62 7 matches bservations upon an extensive outbreak of actinomycosis a number of years ago which led him to infer that the animals were inoculated by eating barley straw harvested from pieces of g Page 63 3 matches uscular tremors may appear and the skin show uneven temperature. The ears and base of the horns are cold, the coat staring. The animals are dull and stupid and manifest great weakness Page 64 9 matches ausing anthrax. (Pl. XXVIII, fig. 4.) Cattle between 6 months and 2 years of age are the most susceptible. Sucking calves under 6 months are rarely attacked, nor are they so susceptib Page 65 7 matches n a few days by small irregular ulcers in the mouth. This disease appears sporadically, usually in the early fall after a dry summer, does not run a regular course, and can not be ino Page 66 8 matches ure is 106∞ to 107∞ F. An edematous, doughy, and painful swelling appears at the point of infection. This tumefaction spreads more and more, and crackles on pressure. In case of an op Page 67 9 matches s on various parts of the body, such as the neck, the chest, and the ears. (Pl. XLVIII and Pl. XLIX, fig. 1.) The changes which they undergo during their parasitic existence were fir Page 68 47 matches ess the hair and skin are thoroughly wetted. _Preparation and use of arsenical dips._[8]--After experimenting for many years to discover a practical method for dipping cattle to dest Page 69 11 matches gions to those that are not infected, either upon cattle or in stock cars or other conveyer. They are based upon the fact that Texas fever is carried north only by the cattle tick, an Page 70 3 matches heep, horses, dogs, and man. In the case of hogs it is generally the ears which are affected. The fly also breeds in dead animals, and all carcasses should therefore be buried deeply Page 71 12 matches ate that grub eradication may sometimes be accomplished by the use of arsenical dips, which are extensively used at the present time for destroying cattle ticks. (See p. 497.) It is p Page 72 7 matches ich emerge from them, when they succeed in finding a host, enter the ears and gradually develop to the stage at which they are ready to leave the host animal. The females may live sev Page 73 6 matches a's head" forms on the surface of the liver toward the stomach, appears in even well-nourished animals; even in cases of a cirrhosis of the liver it is seldom that any effect upon Page 74 5 matches s in the mouth and by the location of the lesions at the tips of the ears, end of the tail, or upon the lower part of the legs, usually below the knees or hocks. The lesions of ergoti Page 75 2 matches ew worms, 506 Dips-- arsenical, protection of hands in use, 493 cattle, for ticks, Page 76 2 matches atment, 278 metacarpus and metatarsus, description and treatment, 282 pelvis, description and treatment, Page 77 3 matches 529 Medicines, methods of administration, chapter by Leonard Pearson, 7-11 Membrana nictitans of eye, description, Page 78 3 matches al products, description and treatment, 69 arsenic, description, symptoms, and treatment, 54 carbolic acid, description and treatmen

value as remedy for stomach worms, 521-523 "Feeding-lot" method of freeing cattle and pastures from ticks, 494-497 Fetlock-- fracture below, treatment, 282 sprain, causes and treatment, 269 Fetus-- developing outside womb, description and treatment, 163 membranes, dropsy affecting, description and treatment, 162 prolonged retention, description and treatment, 164 Fever-- milk, description, symptoms, and treatment, 226-237 parturition, description, symptoms, and treatment, 226 southern, splenetic, or Texas. _See_ Texas fever. Fibroma-- interdigital, description and treatment, 338 tumor, description and treatment, 311 Fibrous periostitis, description and treatment, 266 _Filaria cervina_, worm found in the eye, 349 _Filaria lablato-papillosa_, parasitic roundworm of cattle, 524 _Filaria oculi_, description and treatment, 349 Fissure of the wall of hoof, description and treatment, 338 Fistula, milk, description and treatment, 245 Flies-- injurious to cattle, 502-506 larval, note, 502 Flooding from womb, description and treatment, 214 Fluke disease, control by use of lime, 526 Flukes, prevention by drainage, 526 Fly-- Spanish, poison, description and treatment, 70 stable, breeding places, 503 Fly preventives, injury to cattle by poisoning, 503 Flytrap, use against stable flies, 503 Fluke, disease of cattle, 526 Flukes, liver and lungs, description, 526 Foods, character, effect on digestive organs, 12 Foot-- diseases affecting, chapter by M. R. Trumbower, 335-339 foul, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 336 soreness, description and treatment, 335 Foot rot, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 336 Foot-and-mouth disease-- benign, simple, or noninfectious, 535 danger to man, 394-395 description, cause, symptoms, etc., 383-395 diagnosis, 391-392 eradication by slaughter, efficacy, 394 incubation period, 384 losses other than by death of animal, 384 mortality, 384, 391 occurrence in various countries of world, 385-386 prevention and eradication, 392-394 similarity to mycotic stomatitis, 536 symptoms, 383, 389-391 symptoms in man, 394 United States, outbreaks, 386-389 Forage, insects on, description of poisonous effect, 70 Formaldehyde gas, liberation by use of permanganate, 365 Foul in foot, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 336 Founder, description, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 335 Fractures-- below hock and fetlock, description and treatment, 282 compound, comminuted, and complicated, 271 description of different kinds, and treatment, 271-282 face bones, description and treatment, 277 general symptoms and treatment, 272, 273 hip point, causes and treatment, 280 horns, description and treatment, 277 limbs, description and appliances for treatment, 281-2 lower jaw, cause and treatment, 278 metacarpus and metatarsus, description and treatment, 282 pelvis, description and treatment, 178, 279 ribs, cause and treatment, 281 special, descriptions and treatment, 277 spinal column, description and treatment, 279 vertebra, description and treatment, 279 France, foot-and-mouth disease, 385 Froesch, note on destruction of foot-and-mouth infection, 395 Frostbites-- ears, symptoms and treatment, 357 treatment, 334 Fungi, poisonous, description of poisoning, 70 Fungoid growth of the ear, cause and treatment, 356 Fungus hematodes-- cause and treatment, 353 description, 316 Furunculus, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 328 Ganglionic division of the nervous system, 103 Gangrene, danger in castration of cattle, 300 Gangrenous septicemia, symptoms and treatment, 472 Garget, description and treatment, 233 Gas-- cause of swelling in calf, treatment, 181 under the skin, symptoms and treatment, 334 Gastroenteritis, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 33 Gastrointestinal catarrh, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 29, 32 Generative organs-- diseases, chapter by James Law, 147-214 discussion, 147 Genital organs, vesicular eruption affecting, description, symptoms, and treatment, 401 Germany, foot-and-mouth disease, 385-386 Gestation, extra-uterine, description and treatment, 163 Gid, parasite of sheep and cattle, 528 Glands, skin, location and use, 321 Gnats, buffalo, description and remedy, 505 Goiter, cause, description, symptoms, and treatment, 310 Gonorrhea, description and treatment, 156 Gravel-- description and cause, 130 effect of different feeds, 132 in prepuce or sheath, treatment, 144 Great Britain, foot-and-mouth disease, 386 Grubs, cattle, description, 507 Gullet-- diseases affecting, description, symptoms, and treatment, 17-22 wounds and injuries, cause and treatment, 22 Gut tie, description, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 41 _HÊmatopinus eurysternus_ and _H. vituli_, description and treatment, 508 _HÊmonchus contortus_, description and treatment, 519 Hair balls, cause, 29 Hair, description, 320 Harbaugh, W. H.-- chapter on "Diseases of the heart, blood vessels, and lymphatics", 73-86 chapter on "Diseases of the nervous system", 101-112 Haw, inflammation and enlargement, description and treatment, 354 Health, public, relation of actinomycosis, 447 Heart-- blood vessels and lymphatics, chapter by W. H. Harbaugh, 73-86 description, 73 dilation and hypertrophy, description, 82 examination of, 77 fatty degeneration, description, 82 injury by foreign bodies, description, symptoms, and treatment, 78 misplacement, description, 83 palpitation, description, 78 rupture, description, 82 valves, diseases affecting, symptoms and treatment, 82 Heat prostration, symptoms and treatment, 108 Heaves, description and treatment, 98 Heel, ulcerations, causes and treatment, 337 Hemaglobinuria or hematuria, description, symptoms, and treatment, 119 Hematodes, fungus, description, 316 Hemoptysis, description and treatment, 99 Hemorrhage-- danger in castration of cattle, 300 treatment, 83 Hemorrhagic septicemia, causes, symptoms, etc, 397-401 Hepatitis, symptoms and treatment, 45 Hernia-- bowel, description and treatment, 38 danger in castration of cattle, 300 peritoneal, description, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 41 rennet, description and treatment, 38 rumen, description and cause, 37 stomach, description and treatment, 38 umbilical, description, causes, and treatment, 41, 252 uterus, cause and treatment, 162 ventral, description and causes, 37 Hides, injury by cattle ticks, 484 Hip point, fracture, causes and treatment, 280 Hip sprain, cause and treatment, 270 Hock-- fracture below, description and treatment, 282 fracture, treatment, 281 Hollow horn, imaginary disease, 27 Hoof-- deformities, causes and treatment, 338 loss, causes and treatment, 336 split, description and treatment, 338 wall, fissure affecting, description and treatment, 338 wounds and pricks, treatment, 338 Horns, fracture, description and treatment, 277 Horses-- dose of vaccine against anthrax, 457 ear tick, note, 518 Hoven, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 22 Hydatids-- and flukes affecting the lungs of animals, 526 description and treatment, 526 Hydrocephalus, description and treatment, 179 Hydrophobia. _See_ Rabies. Hydrothorax, description and treatment, 99 Hygiene, pregnant cow, 160 Hygromata, description and treatment, 317 Hyperplasia, reference, 303 Hypertrophy-- description, 128 heart, with dilation, description, 82 _Hypoderma bovis_, new warble fly, 507 _Hypoderma lineata_, warble fly, description, 507 Illinois, foot-and-mouth disease, 388 Immunization, northern cattle against Texas fever, manner, 500 Impetigo, description, causes, and treatment, 327 Incised wounds, description and treatment, 295 Incontinence, urine, cause and treatment, 130 Incubation period of infectious diseases, 362 Indiana, foot-and-mouth disease, 388 Indigestion-- calves, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 32, 253 causes, symptoms, and treatment, 26, 29, 31 Induration-- tongue. _See_ Actinomycosis. womb mouth, description and treatment, 176 Infectious aphtha. _See_ Foot-and-mouth disease. Infectious catarrhal conjunctivitis, symptoms, treatment, and prevention, 345 Infectious catarrhal fever, description, symptoms, and treatment, 469-472 Infectious diseases-- cattle, chapter by John R. Mohler, 358-511 classification of symptoms and lesions, 359 general discussion, 358 incubation periods, 362 treatment, discussion, 362 Infectious ophthalmia, or infectious catarrhal conjunctivitis, 345 Inflammation-- brain and its membranes, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 103 contagious, of the udder, description, prevention, and treatment, 237 ear, symptoms and treatment, 355 haw, description and treatment, 354 kidneys, description, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 123 liver, symptoms and treatment, 45 mucous membrane of mouth, symptoms and treatment, 17 navel veins, description, symptoms, and treatment, 249 parotid gland, symptoms and treatment, 18 pyemic and septicemic, of joints of calves, symptoms and treatment, 251 sheath and penis from bruising, prevention and treatment, 155 sheath, causes and treatment, 153 spleen, description, 45 testicles, description and treatment, 152 traumatic, of the stomach, cause, symptoms, and treatment, 34 udder, description, symptoms, and treatment, 234 urachus, causes and treatment, 248 urethra, description and treatment, 156 vagina, causes and treatment, 223 veins, description and treatment, 86 womb, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 224 Inflammatory diseases, skin, description, symptoms, and treatment, 320-334 Inhalation of medicines, manner, 10 Inoculation, use against hemorrhagic septicemia, 401 Intercostal muscles, rheumatism affecting, description and treatment, 100 Interdigital fibroma, description and treatment, 338 Intestinal parasites, description and treatment, 523 Intestines, roundworms affecting, kind and treatment, 532 Intussusception, causes, symptoms, post-mortem appearance, and treatment, 35 Invagination, cause of obstruction of bowels, symptoms, and treatment, 35 Inversion-- eyelashes, treatment, 350 eyelid, description and treatment, 350 Iodin, tincture, use in punctured wounds, 297 Iowa, foot-and-mouth disease, 388 Iris, description, 341 Italy, foot-and-mouth disease, 385 Itch, scab, mites, and mange, description and treatment, 513 Itching, cause and treatment, 322 Japan, foot-and-mouth disease, 386 Jaundice, description, symptoms and treatment, 44 Jaw-- big, lump, or lumpy, _See_ Actinomycosis. lower, fracture, cause and treatment, 278 poverty, caused by twisted wireworms, 520 Jawbones, actinomycosis affecting, description and treatment, 440-449 Jensen, formula for protection of cattle from flies, 503 Joint-ill, description, symptoms, and treatment, 251 Kansas, foot-and-mouth disease, 388 Kelis, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 331 Kentucky, foot-and-mouth disease, 388 Keratitis, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 345 Kidney-- ox, description, 117 parasites affecting, discussion, 127 stone in, description and treatment, 139 Kidneys-- inflammation, description, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 123 tumors affecting, description, 128 Knee-- fracture below, description and treatment, 282 fracture, description and treatment, 281 tumors, description and treatment, 317 Knotting and twisting of bowels, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 35 Labor pains before relaxation of passages, 175 Lacerated wounds, description and treatment, 298 Laceration, eyelid, cause and treatment, 351 Lacerations-- and ruptures of the vagina, description and treatment, 219 ear, cause and treatment, 357 Lacrimal gland of the eye, description, 343 Lameness, symptom of foot-and-mouth disease, 383 Laminitis, description, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 335 Laryngitis, cause and treatment, 93 Laurel poisoning, description and treatment, 65 Law, James-- chapter on "Diseases following parturition", 214-246

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