SPECIAL REPORT ON DISEASES OF CATTLE
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E. BY Drs. ATKINSON, DICKSON, EICHHORN, HICKMAN, LAW, LOWE, MARSH, MOHLER, MURRAY, PEARSON, RANSOM, TRUMBOWER, and WOODWARD. * * * * * R
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apart while the examination is being made. Any sharp edges of the molars must be removed by the tooth rasp, such as is used for horses. Any supernumerary tooth which interferes with
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he swelling of the glands, when submitted to proper treatment, disappears in a comparatively short time. In other cases, however, they remain enlarged, even after the animal recovers
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e local vegetation is responsible for it. It is more prevalent some years than others, and is most common in old countries, where the soil is more or less depleted. Cattle pastured on
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_Symptoms._--Dullness; drooping of the ears; dryness of the muzzle; dry skin; staring coat; loins morbidly sensitive to pressure; fullness of the left fl
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s with reluctance, moans occasionally, and has a tottering gait. The ears and horns are alternately hot and cold; in cows the secretion of milk is much diminished, and that which is s
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SONS AND POISONING. By V. T. ATKINSON, V. S. [Revised by C. DWIGHT MARSH, Ph. D.] DEFINITION OF A POISON. To define clearly the meaning of the word "poison" is somewhat difficult
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neral weakness and loss of condition. _Treatment._--The antidote for arsenic is a solution of hydrated oxid of iron in water. It should be prepared fresh by mixing a solution of sulp
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return is hastened by excitement and in a short time again disappears, continuing to disappear and reappear until death results. As the poisonous effect advances the intervals bet
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ELS, AND LYMPHATICS. By W. H. HARBAUGH, V. S. [Revised by Leonard Pearson, B. S., V. M. D.] THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM. In cattle, as in human beings, the heart, blood vessels, and l
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petite are depressed or checked. The dung is hard, and to void it appears to cause pain. These symptoms usually develop gradually, and, of course, they vary considerably in different
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ns with the respiratory apparatus. A cough is said to be dry, moist, harsh, hollow, difficult, paroxysmal, suppressed, sympathetic, etc., according to its character. It is a very impo
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∞ F., falls to 103∞ or 104∞, the pain decreases, the stiffness disappears, and the patient eats a little. The pulse softens, but remains quicker than normal. Now, day by day the patie
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han normal. If suddenly aroused from the drowsy state, the animal appears startled and stares wildly. When moving about it may stagger, the hind quarters swaying from side to side. I
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ste material resulting from the destruction in the system of fats, sugars, starch, and such other foods as are wanting in the element nitrogen, and do not form fibrous tissues, but go
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ptomaines of bacteria growth; hence the prevalence of "red water" in marshy districts and on clayey and other impervious soils, and the occurrence of bloody urine in the advanced stag
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t to be guarded against is the supply of water that has drained from marshes or impervious soils, rich in organic matter, as such water is charged with nitrites, ptomaines, etc., whic
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otash, but at times is displaced by oxalic or other acid and then appears as gritty, sandy particles in the stem. This gritty, insoluble silica is especially noticeable among the hors
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e, driving on icy or otherwise slippery ground, carrying in railroad cars, kicking by vicious attendants, and fastening or throwing down for operations. The diet should be good, not o
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f the winds. The same is to a large extent true of smut; hence, wet years have been often remarkable for the great prevalence of abortions. Abortions have greatly increased in New Zea
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ead, or the head without the fore feet, examine. If one hind foot appears without the other, make examination. The presenting limb or head should be secured by a rope with a running n
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lvis, and the neck advancing, the head is bent back and the poll and ears either enter the pelvis or strike against its brim. The two forefeet present, but they make no progress, and
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at the lower jaw may be reached and availed of. In case neither the ears nor the orbit can be reached, a cord should be passed around the neck of the calf as near the head as possibl
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he heart (palpitations), sunken, staring eyes, coldness of the skin, ears, horns, and limbs, perspiration, weakness in standing, staggering gait, and, finally, inability to rise, and
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or the hair stands erect, especially along the spine, and the horns, ears, and limbs are cold. The temperature in the rectum is elevated by one or two degrees, the pulse is small, har
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e temperature raised, though not invariably so, the head, horns, and ears being especially hot and the veins of the head full, while the visible mucous membranes of nose and eyes are
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ducts. Man is susceptible to foot-and-mouth disease, but it never appears during the frequent epidemics of scarlatina. Among other contagious forms of mammitis I may name one which I
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cord is cut off too close to the navel and left untied and when it tears off at the navel. (Pl. XIV.) It may also bleed when torn across naturally, if it is sucked by the dam or anot
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des failing to come together. Apart from this, the trouble rarely appears after the calf has been some time on solid feed, as the paunch then extends down to the right immediately ove
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ive inflammation of the lungs. The infection clings to a stable for years, in many cases rendering it impossible to preserve and raise the calves. It has frequently coincided with abo
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h the technical names and a scientific classification of each, it appears desirable to describe some of the characteristics of forms in general and of a few classes into which they ma
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nd, if the animal should be of little value, irritable, advanced in years, and the fracture is a serious compound or comminuted one, the wiser course would generally be to put the cre
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ed in a stall until the parts become reunited and the lameness disappears. Fracture of the posterior parts of the bone (ischium), which forms the point of the buttocks occasionally o
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idered as secondary or predisposing causes. Sometimes the disease appears without any apparent cause. On the whole, it may be said that any of the above-mentioned factors may have mor
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iter saw with a rigid back may be used. Various types of dehorning shears or clippers are in general use. One type of dehorner has a stationary knife edge with its cutting edge shaped
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tively rare. Tumors are independent. For instance, their nutrition bears no relation to the nutrition of the body. A lipoma, or fatty tumor, in the subcutaneous tissue, may go on inc
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or acids, such as sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid, caustic potash, arsenic, silver nitrate, or chromic acid, but it is difficult to limit the action of these drugs. The injection,
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ng the fluid become firm, smooth, and dense. Outwardly the tumor appears fluctuating, though tense, while the skin which covers it may be normal, denuded of hair, or covered with har
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le highly fed and closely stabled for a long winter. The erythema appears in patches, and as it is most common near the end of the winter it is known as the "spring eruption" or "spri
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When they are small and pedunculated, they may be snipped off with shears and the stump touched with nitrate of silver. When they are broad and flattened, they may be dissected out an
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hich is to facilitate their movements and enable them to retain the tears in the ocular cavity. The eyelid is composed of a fibrous inner membrane ending in a stiff arch near the bord
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ay possibly be taken for the growth of a tumor. This generally disappears with the improvement of the health of the animal. Warts not uncommonly appear on or about the eyelids of catt
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ntations and the injection of soapy water or oil and water. SCURFY EARS. Cattle are subject to scurfy ears, which may be owing to a generally morbid condition of the skin, or may b
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wever, much interest was manifested in regard to it for a number of years, and as our cattle are still prohibited from some foreign markets on account of its previous existence here,
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hened pleura; these can be appreciated, however, only by those whose ears have been trained to distinguish between the different sounds which reach the ear when applied to the chest w
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ll insure the prompt discovery of every herd in which the disease appears, as well as the destruction of all diseased and exposed animals and the thorough disinfection of the premises
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._--Foot-and-mouth disease has prevailed in Europe for a great many years and has occasioned tremendous economic losses there. In Italy, France, Switzerland, Germany, and Russia the
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s in the mouth and by the location of the disease at the tips of the ears, end of the tail, or upon the lower part of the legs, usually below the knees or hocks. The lesion of ergotis
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uld be final. In blackleg the animals affected are usually under 2 years of age. The swellings are quite evident, and usually occur on the legs, above the knees or hocks, and are dis
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vestigated tuberculosis in that country and who says that "30 or 40 years ago tuberculosis was unknown in Argentine cattle, and it is still unknown among the native (criollo) cattle.
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of the animal is also manifested by a staring coat and a tough, dry, harsh skin (hidebound). Digestive disturbances are indicated by tympanites, or distention of the rumen by gas, col
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ase. The value of tuberculin for this purpose was tested during the years 1890 and 1891 by Guttman, Roeckl and Sch¸tz, Bang and Salomonsen, Lydtin, Jˆhne and Siedamgrotzky, Nocard, an
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ious effects of tuberculin. After using this test regularly for two years, Mr. Edwards wrote as follows: I have seen nothing to lead me to believe that the tuberculin test had an
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or the discrimination between human and bovine bacilli, and which appears to be favored by Kossel, we must admit that bovine tuberculosis is an extremely important factor in the etiol
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racter of the disease ever takes place. _Symptoms._--The disease appears in four to seven days after natural infection, or may evince itself in two or three days as the result of art
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bservations upon an extensive outbreak of actinomycosis a number of years ago which led him to infer that the animals were inoculated by eating barley straw harvested from pieces of g
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uscular tremors may appear and the skin show uneven temperature. The ears and base of the horns are cold, the coat staring. The animals are dull and stupid and manifest great weakness
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ausing anthrax. (Pl. XXVIII, fig. 4.) Cattle between 6 months and 2 years of age are the most susceptible. Sucking calves under 6 months are rarely attacked, nor are they so susceptib
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n a few days by small irregular ulcers in the mouth. This disease appears sporadically, usually in the early fall after a dry summer, does not run a regular course, and can not be ino
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ure is 106∞ to 107∞ F. An edematous, doughy, and painful swelling appears at the point of infection. This tumefaction spreads more and more, and crackles on pressure. In case of an op
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s on various parts of the body, such as the neck, the chest, and the ears. (Pl. XLVIII and Pl. XLIX, fig. 1.) The changes which they undergo during their parasitic existence were fir
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ess the hair and skin are thoroughly wetted. _Preparation and use of arsenical dips._[8]--After experimenting for many years to discover a practical method for dipping cattle to dest
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gions to those that are not infected, either upon cattle or in stock cars or other conveyer. They are based upon the fact that Texas fever is carried north only by the cattle tick, an
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heep, horses, dogs, and man. In the case of hogs it is generally the ears which are affected. The fly also breeds in dead animals, and all carcasses should therefore be buried deeply
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ate that grub eradication may sometimes be accomplished by the use of arsenical dips, which are extensively used at the present time for destroying cattle ticks. (See p. 497.) It is p
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ich emerge from them, when they succeed in finding a host, enter the ears and gradually develop to the stage at which they are ready to leave the host animal. The females may live sev
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a's head" forms on the surface of the liver toward the stomach, appears in even well-nourished animals; even in cases of a cirrhosis of the liver it is seldom that any effect upon
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s in the mouth and by the location of the lesions at the tips of the ears, end of the tail, or upon the lower part of the legs, usually below the knees or hocks. The lesions of ergoti
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ew worms, 506 Dips-- arsenical, protection of hands in use, 493 cattle, for ticks,
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atment, 278 metacarpus and metatarsus, description and treatment, 282 pelvis, description and treatment,
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529 Medicines, methods of administration, chapter by Leonard Pearson, 7-11 Membrana nictitans of eye, description,
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al products, description and treatment, 69 arsenic, description, symptoms, and treatment, 54 carbolic acid, description and treatmen
aconite, description and treatment, 63
alkali, description and treatment, 59
animal products, description and treatment, 69
arsenic, description, symptoms, and treatment, 54
carbolic acid, description and treatment, 60
chapter by V. T. Atkinson, 51-72
coal oil, description and treatment, 59
copper, description and treatment, 56
fungi, description, 70
laurel, description and treatment, 65
lead, description, symptoms, and treatment, 55
loco weed, description and treatment, 67
mercury, description, symptoms, and treatment, 57
phosphorus, symptoms and treatment, 57
plant, description, 63
salt and saltpeter, description, symptoms, and treatment, 60-61
sources, 51
strychnin, description and treatment, 62
symptoms and treatment, 53
Poisonous--
fungi, description, 68
plants, description, 63-69
Poisons--
chapter by V. T. Atkinson, 51-72
description of action, 52
mineral, descriptions, 54-58
vegetables, uses as medicine, 61-71
_Polydesmus excitans_, effect on cattle, 13
Polypi--
description and treatment, 313
pharyngeal, description and treatment, 19
vagina or uterus, description and treatment, 157
Polyuria, causes and treatment, 118
Pork measles, note, 536
Potash, permanganate, use in production of formaldehyde gas, 365
Poverty jaw and scours, caused by twisted wireworm, treatment, 527
Pregnancy--
cramps of hind limbs during, cause, 162
duration, 160
signs, 157
Pregnant cow, hygiene, 160
Prepuce, calculi affecting, treatment, 144
Presentation of fetus, natural, 173
Pricks, hoof, treatment, 338
Probang, use in prevention of choking, 21
Prolapsus vaginÊ, description and treatment, 162
Proliferation cysts, description and treatment, 319
Prostration, heat, symptoms and treatment, 108
Protozoa--
as intestinal parasites, note, 526
definition, 359
Protrusion, vagina, description and treatment, 162
Pruritis, causes and treatment, 322
Pseudoplasm. _See_ Tumors.
Psoroptic mange, description and treatment, 513
_Pucinia arundinacea_, _P. coronata_, _P. graminis_,
_P. straminis_, effect on cattle, 13
Pulmonary congestion, treatment, 98
Pulse--
description, 74
examination, 90
Puncta lacrimalia of the eye, description, 344
Purulent periostitis, description and treatment, 266
Pustule--
description, causes, and treatment, 327
malignant, in man, description, 458
Pterygium, description and treatment, 349
Pyemia, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 395
Pyemic inflammation of joints in calves, description,
symptoms, and treatment, 251
Quarter-ill. _See_ Blackleg.
Rabies, cattle, description, symptoms, etc., 402-406
Rachitis. _See_ Rickets.
Ransom, B. H., chapter on "Animal parasites of cattle", 502-531
Rauschbrand. _See_ Blackleg.
Rectal injections, uses and methods, 9
Rectum--
full, obstruction to parturition, 178
method of administering medicines, 9
Red dysentery, note, 526
Red water, description, symptoms, and treatment, 119
Regulations, sanitary, for controlling Texas fever, 495
Renal calculi, description and treatment, 139
Rennet, hernia affecting, description and treatment, 38
Respiration--
examination, 89
organs, methods of diagnosis, 37
organs, noncontagious diseases affecting, chapter by
William H. Lowe, 87-100
Retina, eye, description, 342
Rheumatism--
articular and muscular, symptoms, prevention, and
treatment, 287, 288
intercostal muscles, description and treatment, 101
Rhode Island, foot-and-mouth disease, 387, 388
Ribs, fracture, cause and treatment, 281
Rickets--
description and treatment, 267
in young calves, description and treatment, 263
Rinderpest, description, cause, symptoms, etc., 379-383
Ringing, bull, method, 291
Ringworm, description, symptoms, and treatment, 332
Roundworms--
description, 524
eye, treatment, 531
intestine, kinds and treatment, 523
stomach, description, 519
Rumen--
distention with food, description and treatment, 22
hernia, description and cause, 37
Rumenotomy, description, 294
Rupture--
bladder, symptoms, 218
danger in castration of cattle, 300
heart, description, 82
womb, cause and treatment, 219
Ruptures--
and lacerations of the vagina, description and treatment, 219-220
description and cause, 37
Russia, foot-and-mouth disease, 382
_Saccharomyces albicans_, parasite of aphtha, or thrush, 263
Salivation--
cause, symptoms, and treatment, 15
symptoms of foot-and-mouth disease, 383
Salt, common, poisoning, description, symptoms, and treatment, 61
Saltpeter poisoning, description, symptoms, and treatment, 60
Salts, medicated, doubtful value against worms, 523
Sarcoma tumor, description and treatment, 315
Satyriasis in male, cause and treatment, 148
Scab, mange, itch, description of kinds and treatment, 513
Scabby teats, treatment, 243
Scalds, causes and treatment, 333
_Schistosoma bovis_, cause of bloody urine, 530
Scleroderma, description, 330
Sclerotic membrane of eye, description, 341
Scouring--
acute contagious, in newborn calves, description,
prevention, and treatment, 261
causes, symptoms, prevention, and treatment, 253-263
Scours--
and poverty jaw, caused by twisted wireworm, treatment, 519
causes, symptoms, and treatment, 32
Screens, use against flies, remarks, 503
Screwworms--
affecting animals, description and remedy, 506
control by dipping, 506
Scurf, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 329
Scurfy ears, cause and treatment, 356
Sebaceous cysts, description and treatment, 330
Sebaceous glands, location, 321
Seborrhea, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 329
Septicemia--
causes, symptoms, and treatment, 395
gangrenous, description, symptoms, and treatment, 472
hemorrhagic, causes, symptoms, etc, 397-401
hemorrhagic, control by vaccination, etc, 401
Septicemic inflammation of joints in calves, description,
symptoms, and treatment, 251
Serous cysts, description and treatment, 318
Serum, use against anthrax, 455
_Setaria labiato-papillosa_, embryo in blood, note, 529
Setoning, description and use, 293
Sheath--
calculi affecting, treatment, 144
inflammation, causes and treatment, 153
penis, inflammation from bruising, prevention and treatment, 155
Sheep, dose of vaccine against anthrax, 455
Shoulder joint, sprain, causes and treatment, 269
Skeleton, number of bones, 264
Skin--
description, 318
diseases, chapter by M. R. Trumbower, 320-334
gas or air under, symptoms and treatment, 334
glands, location and use, 321
inflammatory diseases, causes and treatment, 323
parasites affecting, description and treatment, 502-521
secretions and growths, descriptions, causes,
and treatment, 329-331
wounds, kinds, description and treatment, 333-334
Skull, fracture, description and treatment, 278
Slinking, calf, description, 165
Snake bites, description, symptoms, and treatment, 14, 69
Sore mouth--
characteristic differences from foot-and-mouth disease, 391-392
reference, 532
Sore throat, cause and treatment, 17, 93
Sore tongue, reference, 533
Soreness, foot, description and treatment, 335
Southern cattle fever. _See_ Texas fever.
Spanish-fly poisoning, description and treatment, 72
Spasm of the neck of the bladder, description and treatment, 128
Spavin, description and treatment, 284
Spaying, description of operation, 301
Spinal column, fracture, description and treatment, 279
Spinal cord--
congestion, description, symptom, and treatment, 110
description, 102
injuries, description, 109
Spleen--
diseases, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 44-45
inflammation, description, 45
Splenetic fever. _See_ Texas fever.
Splenitis, description, 45
Split hoof, description and treatment, 338
Sporadic--
aphthae, reference, 532
stomatitis aphthosa, reference, 532
Sprain--
fetlock, causes and treatment, 269
hip, cause and treatment, 270
shoulder joint, causes and treatment, 269
Sprains, description and treatment, 268
Squinting, description, 349
Stable flies (_Stomoxys calcitrans_), affecting cattle, 503
Stabling, value against stomach worms, 521-522
Staggers, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 103, 529
_Staphylococcus pyogenes aureus_ and _S. pyogenes citreus_,
bacteria of abscess, 237
Staphyloma, description, symptoms, and treatment, 348
Sterility, causes, 151
Stings--
venomous. _See_ Snake bites.
wasps and bees, description and treatment, 71
Stomach--
diseases affecting, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 22-34
fourth, affected with hernia, description and treatment, 38
hair balls in, 29
parasites affecting, treatment, 519, 524, 529
roundworms affecting, 524
traumatic inflammation, cause, symptoms, and treatment, 34
worm--
encysted, description and treatment, 523
sanitary measures for suppression, 521-522
worms, different kinds affecting cattle, 519
Stomatitis--
cause, symptoms, and treatment, 17
characteristic differences from foot-and-mouth disease, 391-393
mycotic. _See_ Mycotic stomatitis.
necrotic, description, symptoms, treatment, etc., 464-469
_Stomoxys calcitrans_ affecting cattle, 503
Stone--
bladder, obstruction to parturition, 178
bladder, symptoms and treatment, 142
description and causes, 130
effect of different feeds, 132-134
kidney, description and treatment, 139
Strabismus, description, 349
Straw, breeding place of stable fly, 503
_Streptococcus pyogenes_, bacteria of abscess, 237
String, navel, constricting member of fetus, description, 179
Stringy milk, cause and treatment, 242
_Strongylus micrurus_, parasite of verminous bronchitis, 100
Struma, cause, description, symptoms, and treatment, 310
Strychnin poisoning, description and treatment, 62
Sudorific glands, location and use, 321
Sugar in urine, description, 123
Sunstroke, symptoms and treatment, 108
Suppression, milk, cause and treatment, 241
Surfeit, description, causes, and treatment, 324
Surgery, discussion, 289
Surgical operations--
asepsis, importance, 289
chapter by William Dickson and William H. Lowe, 289-302
manner of securing the animals during, 290
uses of anesthesia, 289
Swamp lands, drainage as measure against fluke disease, 527
Sweat glands, location and use, 322
Sweden, foot-and-mouth disease, 386
Swelling of calf with gas, cause and treatment, 181
Switzerland, foot-and-mouth disease, 385
Symptomatic anthrax. _See_ Blackleg.
_TÊnia saginatÊ_, tapeworm cysts, presence in cattle, 529
Tail, wolf in, imaginary disease, 27
Tapeworm cysts, source of injury to cattle, 529
Tapeworms--
adult, of small intestine, species and remedy, 523
cysts in muscles of cattle, 529
cysts of liver, 527
Tarsus, fracture, description and treatment, 281
Teats--
blocked by calculus, treatment, 243
blocked by concretion of casein, cause and treatment, 243
blocked by warty and other growth inside,
description and treatment, 244
chapped, cause and treatment, 243
opening in the side, description and treatment, 245
scabby, treatment, 243
warts affecting, treatment, 243
Teeth--
caries, description, 16
irregularities, cause and treatment, 16
Temperature--
how to examine, 90
limits for dipping bath, 490
Test, tuberculin. _See_ Tuberculin test.
Testicles, congestion and inflammation, description and treatment, 152
Tetanus--
danger in castration of cattle, 300
reference, 405
Texas fever--
description, symptoms, prevention, etc, 475-501
immunization of northern cattle, 495
infection carried by the cattle tick (_Margaropus annulatus_), 480
injurious effect of ticks, 482
loss occasioned by cattle ticks, 483
methods of eradication, 487-500
nature of the disease, 476
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