FORMULA SHELF 2 of 370

The arithmetic behind the work: what to measure, what to type in, and what the answer comes out as. Every formula says what the symbols mean and gives a worked example, so you can check it against a job you have already done.

Quick calculators. A calculator appears where the formula is a single, clean equation with clear symbols. It is a convenience, not an authority: double-check every result yourself, especially doses, loads, torque and safety-critical settings.

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Advanced maths 2 formulas

Exponential decay

N = N0 x (1 - r)t

SYMBOLS · N0 = starting amount; r = loss rate; t = periods

UNITS · number

HOW TO USE

Cooling, spoilage, radioactive decay, drug clearance and declining yields.

EXAMPLE

1000 kg at 10% loss for 3 years = 729 kg.

QUICK CALCULATOR N = result

N0 starting amount r loss rate t periods

Enter values above.

Convenience only. Double-check the result against the worked example or a second method before you use it.

decay exponential loss

Natural logarithm

ln(x) = loge(x)

SYMBOLS · e = 2.71828; x > 0

UNITS · number

HOW TO USE

Growth and decay, half-life and the inverse of the exponential function.

EXAMPLE

ln(10) = 2.3026.

logarithm natural exponential

SOURCES & PROVENANCE 1 listed

This page is an AI-organised index. The label means the grouping and cross-links were compiled with AI; the information itself comes from the public-domain books, reports and manuals listed below. Open any source to read the local copy or follow the link to the original publication.

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The index is AI-organised; the linked sources are not.

Formulas collected and indexed with AI. The calculators are convenience tools; double-check every result before using it.