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FORMULA SHELF 7 of 370

The arithmetic behind the work: what to measure, what to type in, and what the answer comes out as. Every formula says what the symbols mean and gives a worked example, so you can check it against a job you have already done.

Quick calculators. A calculator appears where the formula is a single, clean equation with clear symbols. It is a convenience, not an authority: double-check every result yourself, especially doses, loads, torque and safety-critical settings.
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Weather 7 formulas

Dew point
Td = T - (100 - RH) / 5
SYMBOLS · T = air temp C; RH = %
UNITS · degrees C
HOW TO USE

A quick dew-point estimate. When dew point is close to air temperature, expect condensation.

EXAMPLE

20 C at 60% RH has a dew point near 12 C.

QUICK CALCULATOR Td = result
Enter values above.

Convenience only. Double-check the result against the worked example or a second method before you use it.

weather dew condensation
Evaporation from a pan
ET = pan evaporation x pan coefficient
SYMBOLS · Coefficient about 0.7-0.8
UNITS · mm
HOW TO USE

Estimating water loss from soil and crops using a simple evaporation pan.

EXAMPLE

10 mm pan loss at 0.75 is 7.5 mm of crop water use.

weather evaporation irrigation
Growing degree days
GDD = ((Tmax + Tmin)/2) - base
SYMBOLS · base = crop base temperature
UNITS · degree days
HOW TO USE

Tracking crop and pest development against temperature rather than the calendar.

EXAMPLE

Max 24, min 10, base 5 gives 12 GDD for the day.

weather gdd crop
Heat index
HI = -42.38 + 2.049T + 10.14RH - 0.2248TRH - ...
SYMBOLS · T = temp F; RH = relative humidity %
UNITS · degrees F
HOW TO USE

How hot it feels when humidity stops sweat evaporating. Watch workers and livestock.

EXAMPLE

32 C at 70% humidity can feel near 40 C.

weather heat humidity
Rainfall runoff volume
V = rainfall x area x runoff coefficient
SYMBOLS · Coefficient 0.1-0.9 depending on surface
UNITS · m3
HOW TO USE

Sizing a tank, drain or dam from roof or yard runoff.

EXAMPLE

20 mm on a 100 m2 roof at 0.9 = 1.8 m3.

weather rain runoff
Relative humidity
RH = actual vapour pressure / saturation vapour pressure x 100
SYMBOLS · Use matching units
UNITS · %
HOW TO USE

Drying grain, hay, curing concrete and judging spray conditions.

EXAMPLE

Half the saturation vapour pressure means 50% RH.

weather humidity drying
Wind chill
Tw = 13.12 + 0.6215T - 11.37V0.16 + 0.3965TV0.16
SYMBOLS · T = air temp C; V = wind speed km/h
UNITS · degrees C
HOW TO USE

How cold it feels on exposed skin. Important for livestock, workers and young stock.

EXAMPLE

0 C with 30 km/h wind feels like -6 C.

weather wind chill
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This page is an AI-organised index. The label means the grouping and cross-links were compiled with AI; the information itself comes from the public-domain books, reports and manuals listed below. Open any source to read the local copy or follow the link to the original publication.

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Formulas collected and indexed with AI. The calculators are convenience tools; double-check every result before using it.