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FORMULA SHELF 4 of 370

The arithmetic behind the work: what to measure, what to type in, and what the answer comes out as. Every formula says what the symbols mean and gives a worked example, so you can check it against a job you have already done.

Quick calculators. A calculator appears where the formula is a single, clean equation with clear symbols. It is a convenience, not an authority: double-check every result yourself, especially doses, loads, torque and safety-critical settings.
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Data 4 formulas

Weighted average MOST USED
weighted mean = sum of (value x weight) / sum of weights
SYMBOLS · weight = how much of the total each value represents
UNITS · varies
HOW TO USE

Average feed analysis across different batches, average yield across fields of different sizes, average price across different volumes sold.

EXAMPLE

Field A: 10 ha at 6 t/ha, field B: 4 ha at 4 t/ha gives (60 + 16) / 14 = 5.43 t/ha.

average weighted yield mix
Standard deviation MOST USED
sigma = square root of ( sum of (x - mean)2 / n )
SYMBOLS · x = each reading; mean = the average; n = number of readings
UNITS · same as the readings
HOW TO USE

How spread out a set of readings is. A 500 litre herd with a standard deviation of 20 is steady; one with 120 is not. It is how you tell a genuinely consistent flock from a lucky average.

EXAMPLE

Readings 98, 100, 102, 100 give a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of about 1.6.

deviation variation statistics records
Median and range
median = middle value when sorted ; range = highest - lowest
SYMBOLS · sort the readings first
UNITS · varies
HOW TO USE

Averages lie when one reading is odd. The median tells you the typical day; the range tells you how variable the month was. Use both for milk records, daily temperatures and yields.

EXAMPLE

10, 12, 12, 13, 20 litres: median 12, range 10.

median range records statistics
Percentage error and accuracy
error % = ((measured - true) / true) x 100
SYMBOLS · true = the reference value; measured = what you read
UNITS · %
HOW TO USE

For a sprayer that does not deliver its rated volume, a scale that reads light, or a soil test that is out by a tenth of a point. Know the error and you can correct for it.

EXAMPLE

A 20 L/min sprayer that delivers 18: error = -10%.

QUICK CALCULATOR error % = result
Enter values above.

Convenience only. Double-check the result against the worked example or a second method before you use it.

error accuracy sprayer calibration
SOURCES & PROVENANCE 1 listed

This page is an AI-organised index. The label means the grouping and cross-links were compiled with AI; the information itself comes from the public-domain books, reports and manuals listed below. Open any source to read the local copy or follow the link to the original publication.

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The index is AI-organised; the linked sources are not.
Formulas collected and indexed with AI. The calculators are convenience tools; double-check every result before using it.