FORMULA SHELF 1 of 370

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Physics 1 formulas

Stress, strain and Young's modulus

stress sigma = F / A ; strain epsilon = dL / L ; E = sigma / epsilon

SYMBOLS · E = Young's modulus, a material constant (steel about 200 GPa, oak about 11 GPa, concrete about 30 GPa)

UNITS · Pa

HOW TO USE

The stiffness of a material. Steel is nearly twenty times stiffer than oak, which is why a steel frame sags less and lasts longer than a timber one of the same size.

EXAMPLE

A 10 mm steel bar pulled by 5 kN across 78.5 mm2 = 64 MPa.

QUICK CALCULATOR stress sigma = result

F F A A

Enter values above.

Convenience only. Double-check the result against the worked example or a second method before you use it.

stress strain youngs modulus materials steel

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Formulas collected and indexed with AI. The calculators are convenience tools; double-check every result before using it.