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FORMULA SHELF 3 of 370

The arithmetic behind the work: what to measure, what to type in, and what the answer comes out as. Every formula says what the symbols mean and gives a worked example, so you can check it against a job you have already done.

Quick calculators. A calculator appears where the formula is a single, clean equation with clear symbols. It is a convenience, not an authority: double-check every result yourself, especially doses, loads, torque and safety-critical settings.
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Kitchen 3 formulas

Flour yield from grain
flour % = flour weight / cleaned grain weight x 100 ; wheat gives 70-75%, rye 65-70%, maize 70%, oats 60%
SYMBOLS · the rest is bran and germ, which are the best parts
UNITS · %
HOW TO USE

The number that tells you whether a mill is worth setting up. See Home Milling.

EXAMPLE

100 kg of clean wheat gives about 72 kg of white flour and 28 kg of bran and germ.

milling flour yield bran wheat
Rice water ratio and absorption
white rice 1:1.5 by weight, brown rice 1:2, and pulao 1:1.75 ; after cooking the rice weighs 2.5 to 3 times the dry weight
SYMBOLS · the ratio is by weight of dry rice to water, not by volume
UNITS · ratio by weight
HOW TO USE

Weigh the rice and the water and the result is the same every time. Salt the water, and let it rest before you cook it.

EXAMPLE

500 g of rice with 750 ml of water makes about 1.6 kg of cooked rice.

rice water ratio cooking absorption
Tempering chocolate
melt to 45-50 C for milk, 40-45 C for white, 45-50 C for dark, then cool to 27-28 C (dark) or 29-31 C (milk)
SYMBOLS · the final working temperature for dark is 31-32 C
UNITS · degrees C
HOW TO USE

Good tempering gives a snap and a shine. A bad one gives a grey dull surface and blooms later. See Working With Chocolate.

EXAMPLE

Dark chocolate at 45 C cooled to 31 C and worked back to 32 C sets with a shine.

chocolate tempering melting bloom slate
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This page is an AI-organised index. The label means the grouping and cross-links were compiled with AI; the information itself comes from the public-domain books, reports and manuals listed below. Open any source to read the local copy or follow the link to the original publication.

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Formulas collected and indexed with AI. The calculators are convenience tools; double-check every result before using it.