SPECIAL REPORT ON DISEASES OF CATTLE
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hyphenation (e.g., postmortem/post-mortem) have been resolved in all cases where it was possible to divine the author's intent with a reasonable degree of certainty. The occasional er
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Coronata_, and _P. arudinacea_, cause colic and diarrhea, and in some cases partial paralysis of the throat. The rusts that occur on clovers, beans, and peas cause very severe irritati
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ful to raise the head, and feed is swallowed with difficulty. In many cases the swelling of the glands, when submitted to proper treatment, disappears in a comparatively short time. In
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digestion. In cases of this kind there is comparatively no great formation of gas, and the gas which is formed is diffused throu
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discharges from the bowels, then an astringent may be given. For such cases the following is serviceable: Tannic acid, 1 ounce; powdered gentian, 2 ounces; mix and divide into 12 powde
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over it, so as to keep it solid and prevent it from shifting. In some cases it will be found that the contents of the sac can not be returned into the abdomen, and this generally arise
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ve that well-marked differences in susceptibility exist. Even in some cases a tolerance for poison is engendered, so that in a herd of animals equally exposed injurious or fatal effect
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ptoms increase; in a few hours violent diarrhea is developed; in many cases blood and shreds of detached mucous membrane are mixed with the evacuations. There is irregular and feeble p
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An important group of poisons may be classed under this head. In most cases it is poison naturally belonging in the plant; in other cases the poisonous principle is developed in what w
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agent. It is likely to produce a serious local irritation, and in the case of the more poisonous snakes serious constitutional disturbances, even to causing death, which it may do in e
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side of the abdomen; coughing and difficult, quick breathing. In most cases the foreign body does not penetrate to the heart, nor even to the pericardium. _Symptoms._--The symptoms ar
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e symptoms, but the veterinary physician, in a very large majority of cases, is obliged to rely almost solely upon objective symptoms, and perhaps in no class of diseases is this more
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a secondary disease, complicated or uncomplicated. In the majority of cases it is attributable to some form of exposure, a sudden change from warm to cold surroundings, or exposure to
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bered that all the foregoing symptoms are not always seen in the same case. In those cases usually designated "sleepy staggers" the general symptoms of drowsiness are presented, while
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f Epsom salt dissolved in a quart of warm water may be given in those cases which have been down and unconscious, but do not give it while much weakness remains, which may be for sever
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glairy, from pus; it may also show gritty masses from gravel. In many cases of urinary disorder in the ox, however, the symptoms are by no means prominent, and unless special examinati
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iron, 2 drams, may be given in a pint of water thrice a day. In some cases 1 or 2 teaspoonfuls of oil of turpentine twice daily in milk will act favorably. In this anemic variety pre
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e by a blind pouch, into which the catheter will pass, in ninety-nine cases out of a hundred, in the hands of any but the most skilled operator. In the bull or steer the penis, when re
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icient in quantity without any deposition of stone or gravel. In such cases, the presence of noncrystalline organic matter in the urine becomes an exciting cause. Rainey and Ord have s
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h a similar incision should then be made to effect its extraction. In case the stone has been arrested in the portion of the urethra which is in front of the arch of the hip bone and i
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y driven. An instance of the value of the exercise in these incipient cases of fatty degeneration is often quoted. The cow Dodona, condemned as barren at Earl Spencer's, was sold cheap
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heat (bulling), she is probably pregnant. There are very exceptional cases in which the well-fed cow will accept the bull weeks or months after actual conception, and others equally e
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ous. It does not follow that the contagium is the sole cause in every case in which it is present. We know that the organized germs (microbes) of contagion vary much in potency at diff
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out that the bacillus of abortion can be demonstrated in nearly every case. The importance of the disease is therefore in dispute and the decision must be left to future investigation.
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after which the head can easily be reached and punctured. If in such case the fore limbs have been left in the womb, they may now be brought up into the passage, and when dragged upon
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. _Fore limbs curved at the knee--Limbs sprawling outward._--In this case not only are the knees somewhat bent in a curve, but the calf has a position as if it rested on its breastbon
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e head advanced that the lower jaw may be reached and availed of. In case neither the ears nor the orbit can be reached, a cord should be passed around the neck of the calf as near th
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and the combined action of the repeller and the hand, but in all such cases the operator has an advantage that the body of the fetus is wholly within the body of the womb, and therefor
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nd the contents pulled out with the hand, the knife being used in any case when especial resistance is encountered. If the abdomen is so firmly impacted that it can not be dealt within
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til it has rendered the animal almost bloodless. The symptoms in such case are paleness of the eyes, nose, mouth, and of the lips of the vulva, a weak, rapid pulse, violent and perhaps
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der is expelled suddenly en masse. It is quite evident that neglected cases with putrid membranes are poor subjects for this method, as the afterbirth is liable to tear across, leaving
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of the symptoms, and at first associated with moaning (in exceptional cases, bellowing), it may, before death, become slow, deep, sighing, or rattling (stertorous). The temperature, at
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fibrous mass, causing permanent hardening (induration). In other cases, in place of the product of inflammation developing into a fibrous mass, it softens and breaks down into whi
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in this and lifted the liquid is drawn out into a long thread. In one case which I investigated near Ithaca, N. Y., the contamination was manifestly from a spring which oozed out of a
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sues early, the blood after death being found unclotted. Complicated cases are common, and in all alike the umbilical veins usually remain open and can be explored by a probe passed a
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than the last drawn. The first may have only one-half, or in extreme cases one-fourth, the cream of the last. Once more, when the cow is in heat the milk becomes richer in solids (cas
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se; also from specific influences, as in actinomycosis (lumpy jaw) or cases of foul foot. The latter affection frequently involves the bones, and for this reason the pastern is the mos
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d be tied by the head to prevent any attempts to move around. In some cases slings have been used. Ordinarily, however, they are not satisfactory in cattle practice, and if applied sho
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e result. Diagnosis of such an accident is more difficult than in the case of any other fracture. The parts can not be moved one upon another so that crepitus is noticeable. The heavy
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effect the desired result and should be tried as a last resort. In a case of spavin the cure is not effected by restoring the diseased parts to their natural condition, but by uniting
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ing is termed rumenotomy. The operation should be performed in severe cases only, where the rumen is excessively overloaded and distended. The animal is placed with its right side agai
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has been said with regard to complications and aftertreatment in the case of the male also applies to the female. OTHER SURGICAL OPERATIONS. Descriptions of other surgical operatio
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and we have what is known as a flesh wart (verucca carnea). In other cases the growth of papillar bodies projects in great cauliflowerlike tumors with deeply furrowed and lobulated su
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on. Cancer is not a frequent tumor of cows. FrĖhner states that of 75 cases of tumors in cattle which came under his observation 2, or 2.6 per cent, were found to be cancers, while 20,
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as the "spring eruption" or "spring itch." _Treatment._--In ordinary cases of erythema the removal of the cause and the application of benzoated oxid of zinc ointment, carbolized cosm
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."] BURNS AND SCALDS. This is a rare accident among cattle, yet in cases of fire it may occur. The application of heat, whether dry or moist, unless sufficient instantly to destroy
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f the conjunctival mucous membrane of the eyeball and lids; in severe cases the deeper coats of the eye are involved, seriously complicating the attack. _Causes._--It may result from
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al conjunctivitis and keratitis as a sequela. _Treatment._--In a few cases restoration of sight may be effected by puncturing the projecting tumor and treating it afterwards with nitr
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ontagious in the sense that foot-and-mouth disease is; yet, in either case, the bacillus must come from preexisting disease. The disease of rabies, or hydrophobia, is not contagious in
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sible and leaves cleaner and better air within the buildings. In most cases in which its application becomes desirable--and this rule should apply to all disinfections--the disinfected
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death of the animal from which it was taken. This is particularly the case when this liquid is hermetically sealed in glass tubes. Other investigators state that they have successfully
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pound of chlorid of lime to the gallon of mixture. Usually in these cases the owners are dependent upon their herd of cows for a living, and consequently it is difficult or impossibl
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e to six days. The disease may appear in 24 hours, or, in exceptional cases, not for 18 days or even longer. _Losses._--The highly contagious character of foot-and-mouth disease and i
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gh the contained fluid may become turbid. The inoculation test in the case of cowpox does not respond with fever and eruption for at least 10 days, and often longer. Necrotic stomatit
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ecomes correspondingly weak, and death takes place in 24 to 36 hours. Cases may die in as short a period as six to eight hours, while in the pectoral form of the disease the animal may
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een near cattle would greatly assist in making a decision in doubtful cases. The disease in dogs is pretty well recognized by most people, but in case a suspected dog is killed it is
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ber of healthy cows. The source of infection is always some previous case of the disease, for the disease can never rise spontaneously; hence, in those stables in which there is frequ
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oduce the disease, cause abortion, or otherwise injure the animal. In case the injected animal is normal there is no more effect upon the system than would be expected from the injecti
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e it produces a fever of short duration, and in the great majority of cases all derangement of the system which it causes disappears within 48 hours after the tuberculin is administere
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man, he said: Hitherto nobody could decide with certainty in such a case whether the tuberculosis of the intestine was of human or of animal origin. Now we can diagnose them. All tha
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dominal skin or the skin of the inner surface of the thighs. In a few cases the skin of the throat and jaws has been found similarly involved. If the affected parts are examined on the
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treatment so long ago as 1885, and who has since treated more than 80 cases, all of which have been cured. A French veterinarian, Godbille, has used the same remedy in a number of case
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ctiform, when the animal dies very suddenly as if from apoplexy. Such cases usually occur in the beginning of an outbreak. The animal, without having shown any signs of disease, sudden
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nimals. Cattle more than 2 years of age may become affected, but such cases are infrequent. Sheep and goats may also contract the disease, but man, horses, hogs, dogs, cats, and fowls
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causing loss of the teeth. In the advanced forms, caseous foci may be seen in the lung and in the liver and necrotic patches observed on the mucous membrane of the
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This tumefaction spreads more and more, and crackles on pressure. In case of an open wound, a fetid liquid and frothy discharge is observed. The center of the swelling may appear soft
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pastures with their hides heavily infested with these pests. In such cases it can readily be seen that the continuous sucking of blood causes more or less impoverishment of the circul
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ng the winter they may become reinfested the following spring. In any case in which ticks disappear from the cattle and treatment is discontinued, the cattle should be watched very car
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nt of the sick has generally been unsatisfactory, although in chronic cases and those occurring late in the fall beneficial results have followed. If the animal is constipated, a drenc
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TEXAS FEVER. Fig. 1. SPLEEN OF AN ACUTE, FATAL CASE OF TEXAS FEVER. Fig. 2. SPLEEN OF HEALTHY STEER.] [Illustration: PLATE XLV. TEXAS FEVER.] [Illustrat
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d insecticidal liquids by hand is fairly effective and practicable in cases in which there are only a few animals to be treated. The following remedies have proved effective when appli
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ary commercial pine tar, two parts; cottonseed oil, one part--in each case by volume. Animals to be treated are confined in a chute, and the mixture is injected into the ears with a sy
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s. The disease lasts from two to five months, when the most extreme cases succumb. Most of the German cattle are said to be infested with liver flukes, but even when a large n
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ptoms are soon modified. The animal has an anxious look, and in a few cases there is a gastrointestinal irritation, the feces being thin, of a dark color, and of an offensive odor. P
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cula lacrimalis of eye, description, 344 Casein concretions blocking teats, cause and treatment, 343 Casting the withers, cause and treatmen
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t, 243 blocked by concretion of casein, cause and treatment, 243 blocked by warty and other growth inside, description and tre
diphtheria, description, symptoms, and treatment, 464-469
dropsy--
general, cause and treatment, 180
of abdomen, description and treatment, 180
monstrosities, descriptions, causes, and treatment, 182-184
muscles, rigid contraction, cause and treatment, 181
slinking, description, 165
swelling, caused by gas, treatment, 181
tumors affecting, description and treatment, 181
Calves--
congenital imperfections, kinds, 263
indigestion affecting, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 34
newborn, acute scouring, description, prevention and treatment, 261
pyemic and septicemic inflammation, symptoms and treatment, 251
young--
aphtha, or thrush, affecting, description and treatment, 233
constipation affecting, cause and treatment, 253
diseases affecting, chapter by James Law, 247-263
rickets affecting, description and treatment, 263
ulcers in mouth, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 464
Calving--
dropping and palsy following, description and treatment, 233
retarded by nervousness, 179
symptoms, 173
Canada, source of foot-and-mouth infection, 386
Cancer, description and treatment, 315
Capsule, eye, description, 342
Capsules, use in administering medicines, 8
Carbolic-acid poisoning, description and treatment, 60
Carbon dioxid, formation in preparing cattle dip, 489
Carbuncle, description, 458
Carcinoma, description and treatment, 315
Caries, teeth, description, 16
Carpus, fracture, description and treatment, 281
Cartilage, ear, necrosis affecting, 357
Caruncula lacrimalis of eye, description, 344
Casein concretions blocking teats, cause and treatment, 343
Casting the withers, cause and treatment, 215
Castration--
dangers and care, 299-301
of female, description of operation, 300
of male, description of operation, 299
Cataract, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 348
Catarrh--
description, symptoms, and treatment, 92, 93
gastrointestinal, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 32, 33
malignant, description, symptoms, and treatment, 469-472
nasal, description, symptoms, and treatment, 92
Catarrhal fever, infectious, description, symptoms,
and treatment, 469-472
Cats, ear ticks on, note, 518
Cattle--
animal parasites affecting, chapter by B. H. Ransom, 502-531
dip, preparation and use, 488-494
dose of vaccine against anthrax, 459
drenching, care of lungs, 522
farcy, description and treatment, 501
infected with anthrax, description, 458
infection with sarcoptic mange, 517
infectious diseases, chapter by John R. Mohler, 358-501
infestation with tapeworm, 523
injury by use of petroleum against ticks, 494
loss of blood by inoculations, limits of safety, 500
northern, immunization against Texas fever, manner, 498
parasitic diseases, prevention, 510
plague. _See_ Rinderpest.
protection from flies, formulas for mixtures, 502-503
rabies affecting, description, symptoms, etc, 402-406
southern, injury by ticks, 482
tick, _Margaropus annulatus_, as carrier of Texas fever, 480
ticks--
injurious effects of and losses caused by, 481-485
methods of ridding cattle of, 485-494
tumors affecting, chapter by John R. Mohler, 303-319
Cerebral apoplexy, description and treatment, 106
Cerebrospinal division, description, 101
Chapped teats, cause and treatment, 243
Charbon. _See_ Anthrax.
Chest, dropsy affecting, description and treatment, 99
Children, infection with foot-and-mouth disease, 394
China, foot-and-mouth disease, 386
Choking, symptoms and treatment, 20
Chorioptic mange, location and treatment, 517
Choroid coat of the eye, description, 342
Chrondroma tumor, description and treatment, 314
Chronic tympanites, cause and treatment, 25
Coal-oil poisoning, description and treatment, 59
_C[oe]nurus cerebralis_ (_Multiceps multiceps_) affecting brain,
treatment, 527
Coital exanthema, description, symptoms, and treatment, 401
Cold in the head, description, symptoms, and treatment, 92
Colic, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 31
Concussion of the brain, cause, symptoms, and treatment, 107
Congenital imperfections in calves, kinds, 263
Congestion--
and inflammation of testicles, description and treatment, 152
brain, description and treatment, 106
liver, description, symptoms, and treatment, 45
spinal cord, description, symptoms, and treatment, 110
bladder, description and treatment, 233
Conjunctivitis--
causes, symptoms, and treatment, 344
infectious catarrhal, symptoms, treatment and prevention, 345
Connecticut, foot-and-mouth disease, 388
Constipation--
cause and treatment, 36
young calves, cause and treatment, 253
Contagious--
abortion--
causes, 165-172
prevention and treatment, 170
diseases, disinfection of premises, 363
inflammation of the udder, description, prevention,
and treatment, 237
mammitis, description, prevention, and treatment, 237
pleuropneumonia--
cause, incubation, and symptoms, 369
definition and history, 366
post-mortem appearance, 373
prevention and treatment, 377
scouring, acute, in newborn calves, description, prevention, and
treatment, 261
Contused or lacerated wounds, description and treatment, 298
Contusion of lips, wounds, and snake bites of mouth, symptoms and
treatment, 14
Copper poisoning, description and treatment, 56
Cornea--
eye, description, 341
ulcers, cause, symptoms, and treatment, 347
Corneal dermatoma, description and treatment, 349
Corneitis, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 345
Cough, examination, 89
Cow, pregnant, hygiene, 160
Cowpox, description, symptoms, and treatment, 240, 438
Cows, milk, protection from flies, 503
Cramps of hind limbs during pregnancy, cause, 162
Cranium, fracture, description and treatment, 278
Creeps, description, symptoms, and treatment, 267
Cresol--
compound solution, composition and use, 366
use in foot-and-mouth disease, 393
Croupous enteritis, description, symptoms, and treatment, 35
Crude petroleum--
danger to cattle in use against ticks, 494
dip for destroying cattle ticks, 491
Cud, loss, description, 27
Cuts, barbed-wire, description and treatment, 297
Cyanosis, cause, 81, 253
Cysts--
dental, description and treatment, 318
dermoid--
and sebaceous, description and treatment, 330
description and treatment, 318
description, 308
extravasation, description, 317
mucous, description and treatment, 319
parasitic, description, 317
proliferation, description and treatment, 319
serous, description and treatment, 318
Dairy business, injury by foot-and-mouth disease, 384
Dandruff, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 329
Deformities, hoof, causes and treatment, 338
Dehorning, description, 292
Delaware, foot-and-mouth disease, 388
Demodectic mange, description and treatment, 517
Denmark, foot-and-mouth disease, 386
Dental cysts, description and treatment, 318
Dermis, description, 320
Dermoid cysts, description and treatment, 318, 330
Diabetes--
insipidus, cause and treatment, 118
mellitus, description, 123
Diarrhea--
and dysentery, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 34
calf, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 32
causes, symptoms, prevention, and treatment, 254-261
_See also_ Gastrointestinal catarrh.
Dickson, William, and William H. Lowe, chapter on
"Surgical operations", 289-302
Digestive organs, diseases affecting, chapter by A. J. Murray, 14-50
Dilatation and hypertrophy of heart, description, 82
Diphtheria, calf, description, cause, treatment, etc, 464-469
Dipping--
bath, cattle, temperature, 490
remedy for screw worms, 506
Dips--
arsenical, protection of hands in use, 493
cattle, for ticks, 494-498
mange and scab, 513, 514
Disinfection, house, methods, 363
Dislocation, eyeball, treatment, 353
Dislocations, bones, description and treatment, 282
Diuresis, causes and treatment, 118
Dogs, ear tick, 518
Drainage, usefulness in prevention of fluke diseases, 527
Drenching tube, use in eradicating worms, 522
Dropping, following calving, description and treatment, 233
Dropsy--
abdomen, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 47
abdomen of calf, description and treatment, 180
chest, description and treatment, 99
general, of calf, cause and treatment, 180
hind limbs and between thighs, during pregnancy, cause, 162
membranes of fetus, description and treatment 162
navel, description and treatment, 253
womb, description and treatment, 162
Dysentery--
and diarrhea, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 34
chronic bacterial, description, treatment, etc, 498
red, note, 531
_See also_ Gastrointestinal catarrh.
Dyspepsia, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 29
Ear tick, spinose, presence in cattle, horses, dogs, etc, 518
Ears--
abscess affecting, treatment, 355
cartilage, necrosis affecting, 357
diseases affecting, chapter by M. R. Trumbower, 355-357
enchondroma, description and treatment, 357
foreign bodies lodging in, symptoms and treatment, 356
frostbite, symptoms and treatment, 357
fungoid growths, cause and treatment, 356
internal inflammation, symptoms and treatment, 355
lacerations, cause and treatment, 357
scurvy, cause and treatment, 356
ticks affecting, treatment, 518
_Echinococcus granulosus_, hydatid, description, 528
Ectropion of the eyelid, description and treatment, 350
Eczema--
description, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 325
epizootic, reference, 383
Edema--
causes, symptoms, and treatment, 330
malignant, description, symptoms, and treatment, 472-474
Elephantiasis, description, 330
Emaciation, symptom of foot-and-mouth disease, 383
Emphysema, description and treatment, 98, 334
Enchondroma, ear, description and treatment, 357
Encysted stomach worm, description and treatment, 523
Endocarditis, description and treatment, 81
Enemata, uses and methods, 9
Enteritis--
causes, symptoms, post-mortem appearance, and treatment, 35
croupous, description, symptoms, and treatment, 35
simple. _See_ Gastroenteritis.
Entropion, eyelid, description and treatment, 350
Epidermis, description, 320
Epilepsy, description, cause, and treatment, 107
Epistaxis, cause and treatment, 93
Epizootic aphtha, reference, 383
Ergotism--
and mycotic stomatitis, differentiation, 536
description and treatment, 69
Eruption, vesicular, of genital organs, description,
symptoms, and treatment, 401
Erythema, description, causes, and treatment, 323
Eversion--
bladder, description and treatment, 218
eyelid, description and treatment, 350
womb, cause and treatment, 215
Extra-uterine gestation, description and treatment, 163
Extravasation cysts, description, 317
Eye--
and its appendages, diseases affecting,
chapter by M. R. Trumbower, 340-354
aqueous humor, description, 341
capsule, description, 342
caruncula, lacrimalis affecting, 344
choroid coat, description, 342
cornea--
description, 341
ulcers affecting, cause, symptoms, and treatment, 347
description, 340
foreign bodies penetrating, treatment, 351
lens, description, 342
muscles, description, 343
parasites affecting, treatment, 349, 531
puncta lacrimalia, description, 344
retina, description, 342
roundworms affecting, treatment, 524
sclerotic membrane, description, 341
vitreous humor, description, 342
Eyeball--
description, 340
dislocation, cause and treatment, 353
hairy tumor affecting, description and treatment, 349
Eyelashes, inversion, treatment, 350
Eyelids--
description, 343
ectropion affecting, description and treatment, 350
entropion, description and treatment, 350
eversion, description and treatment, 350
inversion, description and treatment, 350
laceration, cause and treatment, 351
tumors affecting, description and treatment, 350
Face bones, fracture, description and treatment, 277
Farcy, cattle, description and treatment, 501
_Fasciola hepatica_, description, 526
_Fasciola magna_, description, 526
Fatty degeneration, heart, description, 82
Feed, character, analyses, effect on milk, 256-258
Feeding--
character, effect on digestive organs, 12
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