SPECIAL REPORT ON DISEASES OF CATTLE TEXT

United States Bureau of Animal Industry · 1908 · 1.5 MB PUBLIC-DOMAIN BOOK BOOK DETAILS DOWNLOAD

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Page 1 2 matches hyphenation (e.g., postmortem/post-mortem) have been resolved in all cases where it was possible to divine the author's intent with a reasonable degree of certainty. The occasional er Page 2 9 matches Coronata_, and _P. arudinacea_, cause colic and diarrhea, and in some cases partial paralysis of the throat. The rusts that occur on clovers, beans, and peas cause very severe irritati Page 3 20 matches ful to raise the head, and feed is swallowed with difficulty. In many cases the swelling of the glands, when submitted to proper treatment, disappears in a comparatively short time. In Page 4 18 matches digestion. In cases of this kind there is comparatively no great formation of gas, and the gas which is formed is diffused throu Page 5 13 matches discharges from the bowels, then an astringent may be given. For such cases the following is serviceable: Tannic acid, 1 ounce; powdered gentian, 2 ounces; mix and divide into 12 powde Page 6 9 matches over it, so as to keep it solid and prevent it from shifting. In some cases it will be found that the contents of the sac can not be returned into the abdomen, and this generally arise Page 7 4 matches ve that well-marked differences in susceptibility exist. Even in some cases a tolerance for poison is engendered, so that in a herd of animals equally exposed injurious or fatal effect Page 8 6 matches ptoms increase; in a few hours violent diarrhea is developed; in many cases blood and shreds of detached mucous membrane are mixed with the evacuations. There is irregular and feeble p Page 9 25 matches An important group of poisons may be classed under this head. In most cases it is poison naturally belonging in the plant; in other cases the poisonous principle is developed in what w Page 10 8 matches agent. It is likely to produce a serious local irritation, and in the case of the more poisonous snakes serious constitutional disturbances, even to causing death, which it may do in e Page 11 12 matches side of the abdomen; coughing and difficult, quick breathing. In most cases the foreign body does not penetrate to the heart, nor even to the pericardium. _Symptoms._--The symptoms ar Page 12 14 matches e symptoms, but the veterinary physician, in a very large majority of cases, is obliged to rely almost solely upon objective symptoms, and perhaps in no class of diseases is this more Page 13 13 matches a secondary disease, complicated or uncomplicated. In the majority of cases it is attributable to some form of exposure, a sudden change from warm to cold surroundings, or exposure to Page 14 17 matches bered that all the foregoing symptoms are not always seen in the same case. In those cases usually designated "sleepy staggers" the general symptoms of drowsiness are presented, while Page 15 10 matches f Epsom salt dissolved in a quart of warm water may be given in those cases which have been down and unconscious, but do not give it while much weakness remains, which may be for sever Page 16 7 matches glairy, from pus; it may also show gritty masses from gravel. In many cases of urinary disorder in the ox, however, the symptoms are by no means prominent, and unless special examinati Page 17 16 matches iron, 2 drams, may be given in a pint of water thrice a day. In some cases 1 or 2 teaspoonfuls of oil of turpentine twice daily in milk will act favorably. In this anemic variety pre Page 18 13 matches e by a blind pouch, into which the catheter will pass, in ninety-nine cases out of a hundred, in the hands of any but the most skilled operator. In the bull or steer the penis, when re Page 19 8 matches icient in quantity without any deposition of stone or gravel. In such cases, the presence of noncrystalline organic matter in the urine becomes an exciting cause. Rainey and Ord have s Page 20 11 matches h a similar incision should then be made to effect its extraction. In case the stone has been arrested in the portion of the urethra which is in front of the arch of the hip bone and i Page 21 12 matches y driven. An instance of the value of the exercise in these incipient cases of fatty degeneration is often quoted. The cow Dodona, condemned as barren at Earl Spencer's, was sold cheap Page 22 17 matches heat (bulling), she is probably pregnant. There are very exceptional cases in which the well-fed cow will accept the bull weeks or months after actual conception, and others equally e Page 23 8 matches ous. It does not follow that the contagium is the sole cause in every case in which it is present. We know that the organized germs (microbes) of contagion vary much in potency at diff Page 24 11 matches out that the bacillus of abortion can be demonstrated in nearly every case. The importance of the disease is therefore in dispute and the decision must be left to future investigation. Page 25 14 matches after which the head can easily be reached and punctured. If in such case the fore limbs have been left in the womb, they may now be brought up into the passage, and when dragged upon Page 26 12 matches . _Fore limbs curved at the knee--Limbs sprawling outward._--In this case not only are the knees somewhat bent in a curve, but the calf has a position as if it rested on its breastbon Page 27 16 matches e head advanced that the lower jaw may be reached and availed of. In case neither the ears nor the orbit can be reached, a cord should be passed around the neck of the calf as near th Page 28 23 matches and the combined action of the repeller and the hand, but in all such cases the operator has an advantage that the body of the fetus is wholly within the body of the womb, and therefor Page 29 6 matches nd the contents pulled out with the hand, the knife being used in any case when especial resistance is encountered. If the abdomen is so firmly impacted that it can not be dealt within Page 30 15 matches til it has rendered the animal almost bloodless. The symptoms in such case are paleness of the eyes, nose, mouth, and of the lips of the vulva, a weak, rapid pulse, violent and perhaps Page 31 22 matches der is expelled suddenly en masse. It is quite evident that neglected cases with putrid membranes are poor subjects for this method, as the afterbirth is liable to tear across, leaving Page 32 24 matches of the symptoms, and at first associated with moaning (in exceptional cases, bellowing), it may, before death, become slow, deep, sighing, or rattling (stertorous). The temperature, at Page 33 17 matches fibrous mass, causing permanent hardening (induration). In other cases, in place of the product of inflammation developing into a fibrous mass, it softens and breaks down into whi Page 34 24 matches in this and lifted the liquid is drawn out into a long thread. In one case which I investigated near Ithaca, N. Y., the contamination was manifestly from a spring which oozed out of a Page 35 14 matches sues early, the blood after death being found unclotted. Complicated cases are common, and in all alike the umbilical veins usually remain open and can be explored by a probe passed a Page 36 16 matches than the last drawn. The first may have only one-half, or in extreme cases one-fourth, the cream of the last. Once more, when the cow is in heat the milk becomes richer in solids (cas Page 37 7 matches se; also from specific influences, as in actinomycosis (lumpy jaw) or cases of foul foot. The latter affection frequently involves the bones, and for this reason the pastern is the mos Page 38 10 matches d be tied by the head to prevent any attempts to move around. In some cases slings have been used. Ordinarily, however, they are not satisfactory in cattle practice, and if applied sho Page 39 7 matches e result. Diagnosis of such an accident is more difficult than in the case of any other fracture. The parts can not be moved one upon another so that crepitus is noticeable. The heavy Page 40 9 matches effect the desired result and should be tried as a last resort. In a case of spavin the cure is not effected by restoring the diseased parts to their natural condition, but by uniting Page 41 6 matches ing is termed rumenotomy. The operation should be performed in severe cases only, where the rumen is excessively overloaded and distended. The animal is placed with its right side agai Page 42 7 matches has been said with regard to complications and aftertreatment in the case of the male also applies to the female. OTHER SURGICAL OPERATIONS. Descriptions of other surgical operatio Page 43 5 matches and we have what is known as a flesh wart (verucca carnea). In other cases the growth of papillar bodies projects in great cauliflowerlike tumors with deeply furrowed and lobulated su Page 44 7 matches on. Cancer is not a frequent tumor of cows. Frˆhner states that of 75 cases of tumors in cattle which came under his observation 2, or 2.6 per cent, were found to be cancers, while 20, Page 45 4 matches as the "spring eruption" or "spring itch." _Treatment._--In ordinary cases of erythema the removal of the cause and the application of benzoated oxid of zinc ointment, carbolized cosm Page 46 6 matches ."] BURNS AND SCALDS. This is a rare accident among cattle, yet in cases of fire it may occur. The application of heat, whether dry or moist, unless sufficient instantly to destroy Page 47 5 matches f the conjunctival mucous membrane of the eyeball and lids; in severe cases the deeper coats of the eye are involved, seriously complicating the attack. _Causes._--It may result from Page 48 7 matches al conjunctivitis and keratitis as a sequela. _Treatment._--In a few cases restoration of sight may be effected by puncturing the projecting tumor and treating it afterwards with nitr Page 49 3 matches ontagious in the sense that foot-and-mouth disease is; yet, in either case, the bacillus must come from preexisting disease. The disease of rabies, or hydrophobia, is not contagious in Page 50 7 matches sible and leaves cleaner and better air within the buildings. In most cases in which its application becomes desirable--and this rule should apply to all disinfections--the disinfected Page 51 19 matches death of the animal from which it was taken. This is particularly the case when this liquid is hermetically sealed in glass tubes. Other investigators state that they have successfully Page 52 5 matches pound of chlorid of lime to the gallon of mixture. Usually in these cases the owners are dependent upon their herd of cows for a living, and consequently it is difficult or impossibl Page 53 12 matches e to six days. The disease may appear in 24 hours, or, in exceptional cases, not for 18 days or even longer. _Losses._--The highly contagious character of foot-and-mouth disease and i Page 54 11 matches gh the contained fluid may become turbid. The inoculation test in the case of cowpox does not respond with fever and eruption for at least 10 days, and often longer. Necrotic stomatit Page 55 13 matches ecomes correspondingly weak, and death takes place in 24 to 36 hours. Cases may die in as short a period as six to eight hours, while in the pectoral form of the disease the animal may Page 56 7 matches een near cattle would greatly assist in making a decision in doubtful cases. The disease in dogs is pretty well recognized by most people, but in case a suspected dog is killed it is Page 57 10 matches ber of healthy cows. The source of infection is always some previous case of the disease, for the disease can never rise spontaneously; hence, in those stables in which there is frequ Page 58 32 matches oduce the disease, cause abortion, or otherwise injure the animal. In case the injected animal is normal there is no more effect upon the system than would be expected from the injecti Page 59 13 matches e it produces a fever of short duration, and in the great majority of cases all derangement of the system which it causes disappears within 48 hours after the tuberculin is administere Page 60 21 matches man, he said: Hitherto nobody could decide with certainty in such a case whether the tuberculosis of the intestine was of human or of animal origin. Now we can diagnose them. All tha Page 61 15 matches dominal skin or the skin of the inner surface of the thighs. In a few cases the skin of the throat and jaws has been found similarly involved. If the affected parts are examined on the Page 62 11 matches treatment so long ago as 1885, and who has since treated more than 80 cases, all of which have been cured. A French veterinarian, Godbille, has used the same remedy in a number of case Page 63 9 matches ctiform, when the animal dies very suddenly as if from apoplexy. Such cases usually occur in the beginning of an outbreak. The animal, without having shown any signs of disease, sudden Page 64 12 matches nimals. Cattle more than 2 years of age may become affected, but such cases are infrequent. Sheep and goats may also contract the disease, but man, horses, hogs, dogs, cats, and fowls Page 65 25 matches causing loss of the teeth. In the advanced forms, caseous foci may be seen in the lung and in the liver and necrotic patches observed on the mucous membrane of the Page 66 13 matches This tumefaction spreads more and more, and crackles on pressure. In case of an open wound, a fetid liquid and frothy discharge is observed. The center of the swelling may appear soft Page 67 10 matches pastures with their hides heavily infested with these pests. In such cases it can readily be seen that the continuous sucking of blood causes more or less impoverishment of the circul Page 68 10 matches ng the winter they may become reinfested the following spring. In any case in which ticks disappear from the cattle and treatment is discontinued, the cattle should be watched very car Page 69 13 matches nt of the sick has generally been unsatisfactory, although in chronic cases and those occurring late in the fall beneficial results have followed. If the animal is constipated, a drenc Page 70 3 matches TEXAS FEVER. Fig. 1. SPLEEN OF AN ACUTE, FATAL CASE OF TEXAS FEVER. Fig. 2. SPLEEN OF HEALTHY STEER.] [Illustration: PLATE XLV. TEXAS FEVER.] [Illustrat Page 71 4 matches d insecticidal liquids by hand is fairly effective and practicable in cases in which there are only a few animals to be treated. The following remedies have proved effective when appli Page 72 5 matches ary commercial pine tar, two parts; cottonseed oil, one part--in each case by volume. Animals to be treated are confined in a chute, and the mixture is injected into the ears with a sy Page 73 10 matches s. The disease lasts from two to five months, when the most extreme cases succumb. Most of the German cattle are said to be infested with liver flukes, but even when a large n Page 74 5 matches ptoms are soon modified. The animal has an anxious look, and in a few cases there is a gastrointestinal irritation, the feces being thin, of a dark color, and of an offensive odor. P Page 75 1 match cula lacrimalis of eye, description, 344 Casein concretions blocking teats, cause and treatment, 343 Casting the withers, cause and treatmen Page 78 1 match t, 243 blocked by concretion of casein, cause and treatment, 243 blocked by warty and other growth inside, description and tre

period of incubation of ticks, 486 prevention, 487 quarantine regulations, 495 symptoms and pathological changes after death, 478-480 tick eradication, plan of work, 487 Threadworms in abdominal cavity of cattle, 529 Throat, sore, symptoms, causes, and treatment, 17 Thrombosis, description and symptoms, 85 Thrush-- calf, description and treatment, 263 parasite (_Saccharomyces albicans_), cause, 263 Ticks-- cattle, time required to kill, 488 ear, 518 injury to cattle hides, 484 parasites of cattle, note, 502 _See also_ Cattle tick; Texas fever. _Tilletia caries_ in wheat, effect on cattle, 13 _Tinea favosa_, description, symptoms, and treatment, 332 _Tinea tonsurans_, description, symptoms, and treatment, 332 Tracheotomy, description, 294 Traumatic inflammation of the stomach, cause, symptoms, and treatment, 34 Trichiasis, treatment, 350 _Trichodectes scalaris_ (red louse), description and treatment, 513 _Trichophyton tonsurans_, fungus causing _Tinea tonsurans_, 332 Trumbower, M. R.-- chapter on "Diseases of the ear", 353-357 chapter on "Diseases of the eye and its appendages", 340-354 chapter on "Diseases of the foot", 335-339 chapter on "Diseases of the skin", 320-334 _Trypanosoma brucei_, cause of nagana, or tsetse-fly disease, 500 Tsetse-fly disease, description, symptoms, and treatment, 500 Tuberculin test-- description and history, 417 harmless to healthy animals, 426 summary of directions for making, 427 _Tuberculosis_-- bovine, and public health, 430 cause and nature of disease, 411 occurrence, 407 statistics of tests in United States, 410 symptoms and diagnosis, 416-417 transmissibility of human and bovine, 432 treatment, 428 Tumor-- bony, description and treatment, 314 chrondroma, description and treatment, 314 fibroma, description and treatment, 311 hairy, on eyeball, description and treatment, 349 lipoma, description and treatment, 314 sarcoma, description and treatment, 315 Tumors-- brain, description, 112 calf, description and treatment, 181 cattle, chapter by John R. Mohler, 303-319 definition and description, 303 description, 303, 305, 307 description of kinds, 309 diagnosis, 308 eyelid, description and treatment, 350 general treatment, 309 kidney, description, 128 malignant and benign, description, 306 orbit, cause and treatment, 353 pharynx, description and treatment, 19 Twisted stomach worms, description and treatment, 519-523 Twisting-- and knotting of the bowels, causes, symptoms, post-mortem appearance, and treatment, 35 of the neck of the womb, description and treatment, 176 Tympanites-- acute, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 22 chronic, causes and treatment, 25 Udder-- congestion, description and treatment, 233 contagious inflammation affecting, description, prevention, and treatment, 237 inflammation, description, symptoms, and treatment, 234 Ulceration, heel, causes and treatment, 337 Ulcerative stomatitis. _See_ Necrotic stomatitis. Ulcers-- calves. _See_ Necrotic stomatitis. cornea, cause, symptoms, and treatment, 347 penis, cause and treatment, 157 Umbilical hernia-- description, causes, and treatment, 39 symptoms and treatment, 252 Umbilical phlebitis, description, causes, and treatment, 249 Urachus-- inflammation, causes and treatment, 248 persistent, description and treatment, 248 Ureteral calculi, description and treatment, 139 Urethra, inflammation affecting, description and treatment, 156 Urethral calculus, symptoms and treatment, 142 Urinary calculi-- classification, 138 description and causes, 130, 137 effect of different feeds, 133 Urinary disorders, symptoms, 118 Urinary organs-- diseases, chapter by James Law, 113-146 functions, 113 Urine-- albumin in, description and treatment, 121 amount passed daily, 115 analyses under different rations, 114 bloody, caused by blood flukes, 526 bloody, description, symptoms, and treatment, 119 cow, analysis, 114 discharged through navel, description and treatment, 248 excessive secretion, cause and treatment, 118 incontinence, cause and treatment, 130 ox, analysis, 115 retention, effect, cause, and treatment, 128 sugar in, description, 123 Urticaria, description, causes and treatment, 124 Uruguay, foot-and-mouth disease, 386 Uterus-- hernia affecting, cause and treatment, 162 polypus affecting, description and treatment, 157 Vaccination, disadvantages in use against anthrax, 457 Vaccine-- anthrax, care and use, 457 blackleg, free distribution, note, 463 preparation and use against hemorrhagic septicemia, 395 Vagina-- clots of blood on walls, description and treatment, 220 inflammation, causes and treatment, 223 lacerations and rupture, description and treatment, 219 polypus affecting, description and treatment, 157 _VaginÊ prolapsus_, description and treatment, 162 Vaginal walls, affected with coagulated blood after calving, treatment, 179 Vaginitis, causes and treatment, 223 Valves, heart, diseases affecting, symptoms and treatment, 80 Variola, description, symptoms, and treatment, 438 Vegetable-- acids, poisonous, description and treatment, 58 poisons-- note, 61 uses as medicine, description, symptoms, and treatment, 61-69 Veins-- inflammation, description and treatment, 86 wounds, description and treatment, 83 Venereal desire, diminution or loss, cause, prevention, and treatment, 149 Venereal excess, cause and treatment, 148 Venomous stings. _See_ Snake bites. Ventral hernia, description and causes, 37 Verminous bronchitis-- description, symptoms, and prevention, 100 _parasites_ causing, 100 Vermont, foot-and-mouth disease, 387 Verruca, description, cause, and treatment, 331 Vertebra, fracture, description, and treatment, 279 Vesical calculus, symptoms and treatment, 142 Vesicular eruption of genital organs, description, symptoms, and treatment, 401 Vesicular exanthema, symptoms and treatment, 401 Veterinarians, views on foot-and-mouth disease in man, 395 Virginia, foot-and-mouth disease, 388 Vitreous humor of the eye, description, 342 Vomiting, symptoms, cause, and treatment, 27 Wall, hoof, fissure, description and treatment, 338 Warble fly-- damages, estimate, 510 European species, appearance in United States, 510 Warbles-- description and treatment, 507 penetration of skins of cattle, 508 reference, 333 Warts-- description, causes, and treatment, 312, 331 penis, treatment, 156 teats, treatment, 243 Washington, foot-and-mouth disease, 388 Wasp stings, description and treatment, 71 Water-- blisters, symptoms and treatment, 328 cold, drinking, a cause of indigestion, symptoms and treatment, 33 head of calf, description and treatment, 179 Weather, relation to occurrence of mycotic stomatitis, 392 Wens, description and treatment, 330 West Virginia, foot-and-mouth disease, 388 Wisconsin, foot-and-mouth disease, 388 Withers, casting, cause and treatment, 215 Wolf in the tail, imaginary disease, 27 Womb-- bleeding from, description, symptoms, and treatment, 214 dropsy, description and treatment, 162 eversion, cause and treatment, 215 fetus developing outside, description and treatment, 163 inflammation, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 224 mouth, induration, description and treatment, 176 rupture, cause and treatment, 219 twisting of neck, description and treatment, 176 Wooden tongue. _See_ Actinomycosis. Wood-ill, description, symptoms, and treatment, 119 Worm-- encysted stomach, description and treatment, 523 eye, description and treatment, 349 Worms-- bladder, description, 528 lung, of cattle, description and treatment, 530 screw, description and remedies, 506 thread, in abdominal cavity of cattle, 529 twisted stomach, description and treatment, 519-520 Wounds-- abdomen, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 43 arteries and veins, description and treatment, 83 contused and lacerated, description and treatment, 298 contusions of the lips and snake bites of mouth, description and treatment, 14 danger of infection from foot-and-mouth disease, 394 drainage, necessity, 298 gullet, description and treatment, 22 healing, treatment and dressing, description, 298 hoof, treatment, 338 incised-- description and treatment, 295 punctured, and lacerated, description and treatment, 295-299 mouth, snake bites and contusions of lips, treatment, 14 penis, cause and treatment, 156 skin, kinds, description, and treatment, 333-334 treatment, summary of care after dressing, 298 Yellows, description, symptoms, and treatment, 44 Zinc poisoning, description and treatment, 57 ADDITIONAL COPIES OF THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE PROCURED FROM THE SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON, D. C. AT $1.00 PER COPY

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PUBLIC-DOMAIN BOOK Special Report on Diseases of Cattle United States Bureau of Animal Industryprimary

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