SPECIAL REPORT ON DISEASES OF CATTLE
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hyphenation (e.g., postmortem/post-mortem) have been resolved in all cases where it was possible to divine the author's intent with a reasonable degree of certainty. The occasional er
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Coronata_, and _P. arudinacea_, cause colic and diarrhea, and in some cases partial paralysis of the throat. The rusts that occur on clovers, beans, and peas cause very severe irritati
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ful to raise the head, and feed is swallowed with difficulty. In many cases the swelling of the glands, when submitted to proper treatment, disappears in a comparatively short time. In
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digestion. In cases of this kind there is comparatively no great formation of gas, and the gas which is formed is diffused throu
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discharges from the bowels, then an astringent may be given. For such cases the following is serviceable: Tannic acid, 1 ounce; powdered gentian, 2 ounces; mix and divide into 12 powde
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over it, so as to keep it solid and prevent it from shifting. In some cases it will be found that the contents of the sac can not be returned into the abdomen, and this generally arise
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ve that well-marked differences in susceptibility exist. Even in some cases a tolerance for poison is engendered, so that in a herd of animals equally exposed injurious or fatal effect
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ptoms increase; in a few hours violent diarrhea is developed; in many cases blood and shreds of detached mucous membrane are mixed with the evacuations. There is irregular and feeble p
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An important group of poisons may be classed under this head. In most cases it is poison naturally belonging in the plant; in other cases the poisonous principle is developed in what w
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agent. It is likely to produce a serious local irritation, and in the case of the more poisonous snakes serious constitutional disturbances, even to causing death, which it may do in e
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side of the abdomen; coughing and difficult, quick breathing. In most cases the foreign body does not penetrate to the heart, nor even to the pericardium. _Symptoms._--The symptoms ar
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e symptoms, but the veterinary physician, in a very large majority of cases, is obliged to rely almost solely upon objective symptoms, and perhaps in no class of diseases is this more
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a secondary disease, complicated or uncomplicated. In the majority of cases it is attributable to some form of exposure, a sudden change from warm to cold surroundings, or exposure to
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bered that all the foregoing symptoms are not always seen in the same case. In those cases usually designated "sleepy staggers" the general symptoms of drowsiness are presented, while
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f Epsom salt dissolved in a quart of warm water may be given in those cases which have been down and unconscious, but do not give it while much weakness remains, which may be for sever
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glairy, from pus; it may also show gritty masses from gravel. In many cases of urinary disorder in the ox, however, the symptoms are by no means prominent, and unless special examinati
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iron, 2 drams, may be given in a pint of water thrice a day. In some cases 1 or 2 teaspoonfuls of oil of turpentine twice daily in milk will act favorably. In this anemic variety pre
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e by a blind pouch, into which the catheter will pass, in ninety-nine cases out of a hundred, in the hands of any but the most skilled operator. In the bull or steer the penis, when re
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icient in quantity without any deposition of stone or gravel. In such cases, the presence of noncrystalline organic matter in the urine becomes an exciting cause. Rainey and Ord have s
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h a similar incision should then be made to effect its extraction. In case the stone has been arrested in the portion of the urethra which is in front of the arch of the hip bone and i
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y driven. An instance of the value of the exercise in these incipient cases of fatty degeneration is often quoted. The cow Dodona, condemned as barren at Earl Spencer's, was sold cheap
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heat (bulling), she is probably pregnant. There are very exceptional cases in which the well-fed cow will accept the bull weeks or months after actual conception, and others equally e
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ous. It does not follow that the contagium is the sole cause in every case in which it is present. We know that the organized germs (microbes) of contagion vary much in potency at diff
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out that the bacillus of abortion can be demonstrated in nearly every case. The importance of the disease is therefore in dispute and the decision must be left to future investigation.
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after which the head can easily be reached and punctured. If in such case the fore limbs have been left in the womb, they may now be brought up into the passage, and when dragged upon
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. _Fore limbs curved at the knee--Limbs sprawling outward._--In this case not only are the knees somewhat bent in a curve, but the calf has a position as if it rested on its breastbon
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e head advanced that the lower jaw may be reached and availed of. In case neither the ears nor the orbit can be reached, a cord should be passed around the neck of the calf as near th
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and the combined action of the repeller and the hand, but in all such cases the operator has an advantage that the body of the fetus is wholly within the body of the womb, and therefor
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nd the contents pulled out with the hand, the knife being used in any case when especial resistance is encountered. If the abdomen is so firmly impacted that it can not be dealt within
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til it has rendered the animal almost bloodless. The symptoms in such case are paleness of the eyes, nose, mouth, and of the lips of the vulva, a weak, rapid pulse, violent and perhaps
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der is expelled suddenly en masse. It is quite evident that neglected cases with putrid membranes are poor subjects for this method, as the afterbirth is liable to tear across, leaving
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of the symptoms, and at first associated with moaning (in exceptional cases, bellowing), it may, before death, become slow, deep, sighing, or rattling (stertorous). The temperature, at
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fibrous mass, causing permanent hardening (induration). In other cases, in place of the product of inflammation developing into a fibrous mass, it softens and breaks down into whi
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in this and lifted the liquid is drawn out into a long thread. In one case which I investigated near Ithaca, N. Y., the contamination was manifestly from a spring which oozed out of a
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sues early, the blood after death being found unclotted. Complicated cases are common, and in all alike the umbilical veins usually remain open and can be explored by a probe passed a
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than the last drawn. The first may have only one-half, or in extreme cases one-fourth, the cream of the last. Once more, when the cow is in heat the milk becomes richer in solids (cas
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se; also from specific influences, as in actinomycosis (lumpy jaw) or cases of foul foot. The latter affection frequently involves the bones, and for this reason the pastern is the mos
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d be tied by the head to prevent any attempts to move around. In some cases slings have been used. Ordinarily, however, they are not satisfactory in cattle practice, and if applied sho
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e result. Diagnosis of such an accident is more difficult than in the case of any other fracture. The parts can not be moved one upon another so that crepitus is noticeable. The heavy
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effect the desired result and should be tried as a last resort. In a case of spavin the cure is not effected by restoring the diseased parts to their natural condition, but by uniting
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ing is termed rumenotomy. The operation should be performed in severe cases only, where the rumen is excessively overloaded and distended. The animal is placed with its right side agai
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has been said with regard to complications and aftertreatment in the case of the male also applies to the female. OTHER SURGICAL OPERATIONS. Descriptions of other surgical operatio
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and we have what is known as a flesh wart (verucca carnea). In other cases the growth of papillar bodies projects in great cauliflowerlike tumors with deeply furrowed and lobulated su
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on. Cancer is not a frequent tumor of cows. Frˆhner states that of 75 cases of tumors in cattle which came under his observation 2, or 2.6 per cent, were found to be cancers, while 20,
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as the "spring eruption" or "spring itch." _Treatment._--In ordinary cases of erythema the removal of the cause and the application of benzoated oxid of zinc ointment, carbolized cosm
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."] BURNS AND SCALDS. This is a rare accident among cattle, yet in cases of fire it may occur. The application of heat, whether dry or moist, unless sufficient instantly to destroy
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f the conjunctival mucous membrane of the eyeball and lids; in severe cases the deeper coats of the eye are involved, seriously complicating the attack. _Causes._--It may result from
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al conjunctivitis and keratitis as a sequela. _Treatment._--In a few cases restoration of sight may be effected by puncturing the projecting tumor and treating it afterwards with nitr
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ontagious in the sense that foot-and-mouth disease is; yet, in either case, the bacillus must come from preexisting disease. The disease of rabies, or hydrophobia, is not contagious in
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sible and leaves cleaner and better air within the buildings. In most cases in which its application becomes desirable--and this rule should apply to all disinfections--the disinfected
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death of the animal from which it was taken. This is particularly the case when this liquid is hermetically sealed in glass tubes. Other investigators state that they have successfully
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pound of chlorid of lime to the gallon of mixture. Usually in these cases the owners are dependent upon their herd of cows for a living, and consequently it is difficult or impossibl
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e to six days. The disease may appear in 24 hours, or, in exceptional cases, not for 18 days or even longer. _Losses._--The highly contagious character of foot-and-mouth disease and i
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gh the contained fluid may become turbid. The inoculation test in the case of cowpox does not respond with fever and eruption for at least 10 days, and often longer. Necrotic stomatit
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ecomes correspondingly weak, and death takes place in 24 to 36 hours. Cases may die in as short a period as six to eight hours, while in the pectoral form of the disease the animal may
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een near cattle would greatly assist in making a decision in doubtful cases. The disease in dogs is pretty well recognized by most people, but in case a suspected dog is killed it is
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ber of healthy cows. The source of infection is always some previous case of the disease, for the disease can never rise spontaneously; hence, in those stables in which there is frequ
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oduce the disease, cause abortion, or otherwise injure the animal. In case the injected animal is normal there is no more effect upon the system than would be expected from the injecti
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e it produces a fever of short duration, and in the great majority of cases all derangement of the system which it causes disappears within 48 hours after the tuberculin is administere
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man, he said: Hitherto nobody could decide with certainty in such a case whether the tuberculosis of the intestine was of human or of animal origin. Now we can diagnose them. All tha
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dominal skin or the skin of the inner surface of the thighs. In a few cases the skin of the throat and jaws has been found similarly involved. If the affected parts are examined on the
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treatment so long ago as 1885, and who has since treated more than 80 cases, all of which have been cured. A French veterinarian, Godbille, has used the same remedy in a number of case
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ctiform, when the animal dies very suddenly as if from apoplexy. Such cases usually occur in the beginning of an outbreak. The animal, without having shown any signs of disease, sudden
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nimals. Cattle more than 2 years of age may become affected, but such cases are infrequent. Sheep and goats may also contract the disease, but man, horses, hogs, dogs, cats, and fowls
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causing loss of the teeth. In the advanced forms, caseous foci may be seen in the lung and in the liver and necrotic patches observed on the mucous membrane of the
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This tumefaction spreads more and more, and crackles on pressure. In case of an open wound, a fetid liquid and frothy discharge is observed. The center of the swelling may appear soft
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pastures with their hides heavily infested with these pests. In such cases it can readily be seen that the continuous sucking of blood causes more or less impoverishment of the circul
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ng the winter they may become reinfested the following spring. In any case in which ticks disappear from the cattle and treatment is discontinued, the cattle should be watched very car
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nt of the sick has generally been unsatisfactory, although in chronic cases and those occurring late in the fall beneficial results have followed. If the animal is constipated, a drenc
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TEXAS FEVER. Fig. 1. SPLEEN OF AN ACUTE, FATAL CASE OF TEXAS FEVER. Fig. 2. SPLEEN OF HEALTHY STEER.] [Illustration: PLATE XLV. TEXAS FEVER.] [Illustrat
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d insecticidal liquids by hand is fairly effective and practicable in cases in which there are only a few animals to be treated. The following remedies have proved effective when appli
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ary commercial pine tar, two parts; cottonseed oil, one part--in each case by volume. Animals to be treated are confined in a chute, and the mixture is injected into the ears with a sy
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s. The disease lasts from two to five months, when the most extreme cases succumb. Most of the German cattle are said to be infested with liver flukes, but even when a large n
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ptoms are soon modified. The animal has an anxious look, and in a few cases there is a gastrointestinal irritation, the feces being thin, of a dark color, and of an offensive odor. P
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cula lacrimalis of eye, description, 344 Casein concretions blocking teats, cause and treatment, 343 Casting the withers, cause and treatmen
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t, 243 blocked by concretion of casein, cause and treatment, 243 blocked by warty and other growth inside, description and tre
aconite, description and treatment, 63
alkali, description and treatment, 59
animal products, description and treatment, 69
arsenic, description, symptoms, and treatment, 54
carbolic acid, description and treatment, 60
chapter by V. T. Atkinson, 51-72
coal oil, description and treatment, 59
copper, description and treatment, 56
fungi, description, 70
laurel, description and treatment, 65
lead, description, symptoms, and treatment, 55
loco weed, description and treatment, 67
mercury, description, symptoms, and treatment, 57
phosphorus, symptoms and treatment, 57
plant, description, 63
salt and saltpeter, description, symptoms, and treatment, 60-61
sources, 51
strychnin, description and treatment, 62
symptoms and treatment, 53
Poisonous--
fungi, description, 68
plants, description, 63-69
Poisons--
chapter by V. T. Atkinson, 51-72
description of action, 52
mineral, descriptions, 54-58
vegetables, uses as medicine, 61-71
_Polydesmus excitans_, effect on cattle, 13
Polypi--
description and treatment, 313
pharyngeal, description and treatment, 19
vagina or uterus, description and treatment, 157
Polyuria, causes and treatment, 118
Pork measles, note, 536
Potash, permanganate, use in production of formaldehyde gas, 365
Poverty jaw and scours, caused by twisted wireworm, treatment, 527
Pregnancy--
cramps of hind limbs during, cause, 162
duration, 160
signs, 157
Pregnant cow, hygiene, 160
Prepuce, calculi affecting, treatment, 144
Presentation of fetus, natural, 173
Pricks, hoof, treatment, 338
Probang, use in prevention of choking, 21
Prolapsus vaginÊ, description and treatment, 162
Proliferation cysts, description and treatment, 319
Prostration, heat, symptoms and treatment, 108
Protozoa--
as intestinal parasites, note, 526
definition, 359
Protrusion, vagina, description and treatment, 162
Pruritis, causes and treatment, 322
Pseudoplasm. _See_ Tumors.
Psoroptic mange, description and treatment, 513
_Pucinia arundinacea_, _P. coronata_, _P. graminis_,
_P. straminis_, effect on cattle, 13
Pulmonary congestion, treatment, 98
Pulse--
description, 74
examination, 90
Puncta lacrimalia of the eye, description, 344
Purulent periostitis, description and treatment, 266
Pustule--
description, causes, and treatment, 327
malignant, in man, description, 458
Pterygium, description and treatment, 349
Pyemia, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 395
Pyemic inflammation of joints in calves, description,
symptoms, and treatment, 251
Quarter-ill. _See_ Blackleg.
Rabies, cattle, description, symptoms, etc., 402-406
Rachitis. _See_ Rickets.
Ransom, B. H., chapter on "Animal parasites of cattle", 502-531
Rauschbrand. _See_ Blackleg.
Rectal injections, uses and methods, 9
Rectum--
full, obstruction to parturition, 178
method of administering medicines, 9
Red dysentery, note, 526
Red water, description, symptoms, and treatment, 119
Regulations, sanitary, for controlling Texas fever, 495
Renal calculi, description and treatment, 139
Rennet, hernia affecting, description and treatment, 38
Respiration--
examination, 89
organs, methods of diagnosis, 37
organs, noncontagious diseases affecting, chapter by
William H. Lowe, 87-100
Retina, eye, description, 342
Rheumatism--
articular and muscular, symptoms, prevention, and
treatment, 287, 288
intercostal muscles, description and treatment, 101
Rhode Island, foot-and-mouth disease, 387, 388
Ribs, fracture, cause and treatment, 281
Rickets--
description and treatment, 267
in young calves, description and treatment, 263
Rinderpest, description, cause, symptoms, etc., 379-383
Ringing, bull, method, 291
Ringworm, description, symptoms, and treatment, 332
Roundworms--
description, 524
eye, treatment, 531
intestine, kinds and treatment, 523
stomach, description, 519
Rumen--
distention with food, description and treatment, 22
hernia, description and cause, 37
Rumenotomy, description, 294
Rupture--
bladder, symptoms, 218
danger in castration of cattle, 300
heart, description, 82
womb, cause and treatment, 219
Ruptures--
and lacerations of the vagina, description and treatment, 219-220
description and cause, 37
Russia, foot-and-mouth disease, 382
_Saccharomyces albicans_, parasite of aphtha, or thrush, 263
Salivation--
cause, symptoms, and treatment, 15
symptoms of foot-and-mouth disease, 383
Salt, common, poisoning, description, symptoms, and treatment, 61
Saltpeter poisoning, description, symptoms, and treatment, 60
Salts, medicated, doubtful value against worms, 523
Sarcoma tumor, description and treatment, 315
Satyriasis in male, cause and treatment, 148
Scab, mange, itch, description of kinds and treatment, 513
Scabby teats, treatment, 243
Scalds, causes and treatment, 333
_Schistosoma bovis_, cause of bloody urine, 530
Scleroderma, description, 330
Sclerotic membrane of eye, description, 341
Scouring--
acute contagious, in newborn calves, description,
prevention, and treatment, 261
causes, symptoms, prevention, and treatment, 253-263
Scours--
and poverty jaw, caused by twisted wireworm, treatment, 519
causes, symptoms, and treatment, 32
Screens, use against flies, remarks, 503
Screwworms--
affecting animals, description and remedy, 506
control by dipping, 506
Scurf, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 329
Scurfy ears, cause and treatment, 356
Sebaceous cysts, description and treatment, 330
Sebaceous glands, location, 321
Seborrhea, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 329
Septicemia--
causes, symptoms, and treatment, 395
gangrenous, description, symptoms, and treatment, 472
hemorrhagic, causes, symptoms, etc, 397-401
hemorrhagic, control by vaccination, etc, 401
Septicemic inflammation of joints in calves, description,
symptoms, and treatment, 251
Serous cysts, description and treatment, 318
Serum, use against anthrax, 455
_Setaria labiato-papillosa_, embryo in blood, note, 529
Setoning, description and use, 293
Sheath--
calculi affecting, treatment, 144
inflammation, causes and treatment, 153
penis, inflammation from bruising, prevention and treatment, 155
Sheep, dose of vaccine against anthrax, 455
Shoulder joint, sprain, causes and treatment, 269
Skeleton, number of bones, 264
Skin--
description, 318
diseases, chapter by M. R. Trumbower, 320-334
gas or air under, symptoms and treatment, 334
glands, location and use, 321
inflammatory diseases, causes and treatment, 323
parasites affecting, description and treatment, 502-521
secretions and growths, descriptions, causes,
and treatment, 329-331
wounds, kinds, description and treatment, 333-334
Skull, fracture, description and treatment, 278
Slinking, calf, description, 165
Snake bites, description, symptoms, and treatment, 14, 69
Sore mouth--
characteristic differences from foot-and-mouth disease, 391-392
reference, 532
Sore throat, cause and treatment, 17, 93
Sore tongue, reference, 533
Soreness, foot, description and treatment, 335
Southern cattle fever. _See_ Texas fever.
Spanish-fly poisoning, description and treatment, 72
Spasm of the neck of the bladder, description and treatment, 128
Spavin, description and treatment, 284
Spaying, description of operation, 301
Spinal column, fracture, description and treatment, 279
Spinal cord--
congestion, description, symptom, and treatment, 110
description, 102
injuries, description, 109
Spleen--
diseases, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 44-45
inflammation, description, 45
Splenetic fever. _See_ Texas fever.
Splenitis, description, 45
Split hoof, description and treatment, 338
Sporadic--
aphthae, reference, 532
stomatitis aphthosa, reference, 532
Sprain--
fetlock, causes and treatment, 269
hip, cause and treatment, 270
shoulder joint, causes and treatment, 269
Sprains, description and treatment, 268
Squinting, description, 349
Stable flies (_Stomoxys calcitrans_), affecting cattle, 503
Stabling, value against stomach worms, 521-522
Staggers, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 103, 529
_Staphylococcus pyogenes aureus_ and _S. pyogenes citreus_,
bacteria of abscess, 237
Staphyloma, description, symptoms, and treatment, 348
Sterility, causes, 151
Stings--
venomous. _See_ Snake bites.
wasps and bees, description and treatment, 71
Stomach--
diseases affecting, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 22-34
fourth, affected with hernia, description and treatment, 38
hair balls in, 29
parasites affecting, treatment, 519, 524, 529
roundworms affecting, 524
traumatic inflammation, cause, symptoms, and treatment, 34
worm--
encysted, description and treatment, 523
sanitary measures for suppression, 521-522
worms, different kinds affecting cattle, 519
Stomatitis--
cause, symptoms, and treatment, 17
characteristic differences from foot-and-mouth disease, 391-393
mycotic. _See_ Mycotic stomatitis.
necrotic, description, symptoms, treatment, etc., 464-469
_Stomoxys calcitrans_ affecting cattle, 503
Stone--
bladder, obstruction to parturition, 178
bladder, symptoms and treatment, 142
description and causes, 130
effect of different feeds, 132-134
kidney, description and treatment, 139
Strabismus, description, 349
Straw, breeding place of stable fly, 503
_Streptococcus pyogenes_, bacteria of abscess, 237
String, navel, constricting member of fetus, description, 179
Stringy milk, cause and treatment, 242
_Strongylus micrurus_, parasite of verminous bronchitis, 100
Struma, cause, description, symptoms, and treatment, 310
Strychnin poisoning, description and treatment, 62
Sudorific glands, location and use, 321
Sugar in urine, description, 123
Sunstroke, symptoms and treatment, 108
Suppression, milk, cause and treatment, 241
Surfeit, description, causes, and treatment, 324
Surgery, discussion, 289
Surgical operations--
asepsis, importance, 289
chapter by William Dickson and William H. Lowe, 289-302
manner of securing the animals during, 290
uses of anesthesia, 289
Swamp lands, drainage as measure against fluke disease, 527
Sweat glands, location and use, 322
Sweden, foot-and-mouth disease, 386
Swelling of calf with gas, cause and treatment, 181
Switzerland, foot-and-mouth disease, 385
Symptomatic anthrax. _See_ Blackleg.
_TÊnia saginatÊ_, tapeworm cysts, presence in cattle, 529
Tail, wolf in, imaginary disease, 27
Tapeworm cysts, source of injury to cattle, 529
Tapeworms--
adult, of small intestine, species and remedy, 523
cysts in muscles of cattle, 529
cysts of liver, 527
Tarsus, fracture, description and treatment, 281
Teats--
blocked by calculus, treatment, 243
blocked by concretion of casein, cause and treatment, 243
blocked by warty and other growth inside,
description and treatment, 244
chapped, cause and treatment, 243
opening in the side, description and treatment, 245
scabby, treatment, 243
warts affecting, treatment, 243
Teeth--
caries, description, 16
irregularities, cause and treatment, 16
Temperature--
how to examine, 90
limits for dipping bath, 490
Test, tuberculin. _See_ Tuberculin test.
Testicles, congestion and inflammation, description and treatment, 152
Tetanus--
danger in castration of cattle, 300
reference, 405
Texas fever--
description, symptoms, prevention, etc, 475-501
immunization of northern cattle, 495
infection carried by the cattle tick (_Margaropus annulatus_), 480
injurious effect of ticks, 482
loss occasioned by cattle ticks, 483
methods of eradication, 487-500
nature of the disease, 476
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