TALKS ON MANURES A SERIES OF FAMILIAR AND PRACTICAL TALKS BETWEEN THE AUTHOR AND THE DEACON, THE DOCTOR, AND OTHER NEIGHBORS, ON THE WHOLE SUBJECT
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227 CHAPTER XXX. Manures for Oats.-- Experiments at Rothamsted.-- Experiments of Mr. Bath of Virginia.-- At Moreton Farm.
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the age. We are inclined to take risks. We prefer to sow our land to oats, or barley, and run the chance of getting a good wheat crop after it, rather than to spend several months in
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oney. He runs his land for all it is worth. He raises wheat, barley, oats, corn, potatoes, and hay, and when he can get a good price for his timothy hay, he draws it to market and sel
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e general in this section--say, 1st year, corn on sod; 2d, barley or oats; 3d, wheat; 4th, clover for hay and afterwards for seed; 5th, timothy and clover for hay; and then the 6th ye
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rk, and butter. Everything else is consumed on the farm--corn, peas, oats, mustard, rape, mangels, clover, straw, stalks, etc. Let us make a rough estimate of how much is sold and how
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im to raise 40 bushels of wheat, 50 bushels of barley, 80 bushels of oats, and 100 bushels of shelled corn, and 5 bushels of clover-seed per acre. That this can be done on good, well-
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e raises 40 acres of wheat, 17 acres of Indian corn, and 23 acres of oats, barley, potatoes, roots, etc. In other words, he has 80 acres in crops, and 220 acres in grass--not permanen
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ess mature condition of the crop. The cereal grains, wheat, barley, oats, and Indian corn, stand next on the list, being worth from $6.32 to $7.70 per ton for manure. “Meadow-hay,”
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These are all raised on the farm; and, in addition to the home-grown oats, peas, and corn, we buy and feed out considerable quantities of bran, shorts, fine-middlings, malt-combs, cor
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s. of nitrogen and 810 lbs. of mineral matter. In other words, a cow eats 240 lbs. of nitrogen, and 25 lbs. are removed in the cheese, or not quite 10½ per cent, and of mineral matter
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up the heat of the body and sustain the vital functions. When a cow eats only 25 lbs. of hay a day, it requires one ton of hay to produce 40 lbs. of cheese. But if we could induce he
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ures. “St. Lawrence Co.,” said the Deacon, “produces capital grass, oats, and barley, but is, I should think, too far north for winter wheat; but what did Mr Harison say?”--Here is h
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ition, and which will produce the best corn, and the best barley, or oats, afterwards?” “I vote for A,” said the Deacon. “I vote for A,” said the Doctor. “I vote for A,” said the S
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Rape | 4,477. | 56.5 | 622.3 Oats | 3,331.9 | 26.6 | 1,444.7 Lupine | 3,520.9 |
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one, we must summer-fallow more, on the heavier clay soils, sow less oats and barley; or we must, on the lighter soils, raise and plow under more clover, or feed it out on the farm, b
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m it, we shall thus be enabled to raise good crops of wheat, barley, oats, potatoes, and corn, and in this sense guano is a ‘lasting’ manure.” “Barnyard-manure,” said the Doctor, “is
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he fall; plant with corn the following summer; next spring, sow with oats and clover; and the next summer, plow under the clover, and sow with wheat and timothy. We have a variety of
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d, rather stiff, clay loam, admirably adapted for wheat, barley, and oats, and capable of producing good crops of corn, potatoes, and mangel-wurzels. The land on which Mr. Lawes’ whe
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it; but I have never recommended any one to use it on wheat, barley, oats, Indian corn, or potatoes, except as an experiment. What I have recommended you to get for barley is, nitrate
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ct, strikingly mutually confirmatory.” CHAPTER XXX. MANURES FOR OATS. “What is the use of talking about manure for oats,” said the Deacon, “if land is not rich enough to produc
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. In 1869 it was sown for hay, and in 1870 was broken up and sown to oats, and the next spring planted with potatoes. The following are some of the results:
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n of almost any other crop we cultivate. We know that wheat, barley, oats, and grasses, require for their maximum growth a liberal supply of available nitrogen in the soil. And such f
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can be cultivated, than they do on land occupied with wheat, barley, oats, rye, buckwheat, or grass and clover. And even with bearing peach trees, I have seen a wonderful difference i
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oluble combinations in the soil. For spring crops, such as barley or oats, or spring wheat, or for a meadow or lawn, or for top-dressing winter-wheat in the spring, the nitrate of sod
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soil or a manure richer in available nitrogen than wheat, barley, or oats. We know that the _very reverse_ is true--know it from actual, and repeated, and long-continued experiments l
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ck of nitrogen. If I had land which had grown corn, potatoes, wheat, oats, and hay, for many years without manure, or an occasional dressing of our common barnyard-manure, and wanted
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Belleville, and Toronto (Canada). Method of transportation. Canal boats. Average load per boat. About 8,000 bushels. Average amount annually sold. 360,000 bushels. Average cost d
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er |760 | 5.3| 16.3| 6.3| 0.1| 1.2| 0.5| 2.4| 0.2| 5.2 Green Oats |810 | 3.7| 18.8| 7.5| 0.6| 1.2| 0.6| 1.7| 0.6| 5.7 Green Corn-Fodder |822 | 1.9| 12.0| 4.3| 0.5| 1.6
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nverted into Nitric Acid in the Soil, 313 ” for Oats, 253-254 ” for Potatoes,
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r Barley, 240 ” for Oats, 253 ” for Peas,
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r Barley, 243 ” ” for Oats, 252 ” ” for Onions,
He passed to the next plot, and was very enthusiastic over it. “What
have you here?” --“Rape-cake and ammonia,” said I. --“It is a grand
crop,” said he, and after examining it with great interest, he passed to
the next, 6_a_. --“What have you here?” --“Ammonia,” said I; and at 6_b_
he asked the same question, and I replied “ammonia.” At 7_a_, the same
question and the same answer. Standing between 7_b_ and 8_a_, he was of
course struck with the difference in the crop; 8_a_ was left this year
without any manure, and though it had received a liberal supply of
mineral manures the year before, and minerals and ammonia-salts, and
rape-cake, the year previous, it only produced this year, 3½ bushels
more than the plot continuously unmanured. The contrast between the
wheat on this plot and the next one might well interest a practical
farmer. There was over 15 bushels per acre more wheat on the one plot
than on the other, and 1,581 lbs. more straw.
Passing to the next plot, he exclaimed “this is better, but not so
good as some that we have passed.” --“It has had a heavy dressing of
rape-cake,” said I, “equal to about 100 lbs. of ammonia per acre, and
the next plot was manured this year in the same way. The only difference
being that one had superphosphate and potash, soda, and magnesia, the
year before, while the other had superphosphate alone.” It turned out,
as you see from the table, that the potash, etc., only gave half a
bushel more wheat per acre the year it was used, and this year, with
2,000 lbs. of rape-cake on each plot, there is only a bushel per acre in
favor of the potash, soda, and magnesia.
The next plot, 9_b_, was also unmanured and was passed by my father
without comment. “Ah,” said he, on coming to the two next plots, 10_a_
and 10_b_, “this is better, what have you here?” --“_Nothing but
ammonia_,” said I, “and I wish you would tell me which is the best of
the two? Last year 10_b_ had a heavy dressing of minerals and
superphosphate with ammonia, and 10_a_ the same quantity of ammonia
alone, without superphosphate or other mineral manures. And this year
both plots have had a dressing of 400 lbs. each of ammonia-salts. Now,
which is the best--the plot that had superphosphate and minerals last
year, or the one without?” --“Well,” said he, “I can’t see any
difference. Both are good crops.”
You will see from the table, that the plot which had the superphosphate,
potash, etc., the year before, gives a peck _less_ wheat this year than
the other plot which had none. Practically, the yield is the same. There
is an increase of 13 bushels of wheat per acre--and this increase _is
clearly due to the ammonia-salts alone_.
The next plot was also a splendid crop.
“What have you here?”
“Superphosphate and ammonia.”
This plot (11_a_), turned out 35 bushels per acre. The next plot, with
phosphates and ammonia, was nearly as good. The next plot, with potash,
phosphates, and ammonia, equally good, but no better than 11_a_. There
was little or no benefit from the potash, except a little more _straw_.
The next plot was good and I did not wait for the question, but simply
said, “ammonia,” and the next “ammonia,” and the next “ammonia.”
--Standing still and looking at the wheat, my father asked, “Joe, where
can I get this ammonia?” He had previously been a little skeptical as to
the value of chemistry, and had not a high opinion of “book farmers,”
but that wheat-crop compelled him to admit “that perhaps, after all,
there might be some good in it.” At any rate, he wanted to know where
he could get ammonia. And, now, as then, every good farmer asks the same
question: “Where can I get ammonia?” Before we attempt to answer the
question, let us look at the next year’s experiments.--The following
is the results of the experiments the _seventh_ year, 1849-50.
Experiments at Rothamsted on the Growth of Wheat, Year After Year,
on the Same Land.
Table VII.--Manures and Produce; 7th Season, 1849-50. After the
Harvest of 1849 the Field Was Tile-Drained in Every Alternate Furrow,
2 to 3 Feet Deep. Manures and Seed (Red Cluster), Sown Autumn, 1849.
Manures
FM Farm-yard Manure.
P-A Pearl-ash.
S-A Soda-ash.
SMg Sulphate of Magnesia.
B-A Bone-ash.
SAc Sulphuric Acid. (Sp. gr. 1.7)
MAc Muriatic Acid.
SAm Sulphate of Ammonia.
MAm Muriate of Ammonia.
RC Rape-cake.
----+----------------------------------------------------------+
| |
| Manures per Acre. |
P +-----+-----+-----+-----+-----------------+-----+-----+----+
l | | | | | Superphosphate | | | |
o | | | | | of Lime. | | | |
t | | | | +-----+-----+-----+ | | |
s | FM | P-A | S-A | SMg | B-A | SAc | MAc | SAm | MAm | RC |
----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+----+
|Tons.|lbs. |lbs. |lbs. |lbs. |lbs. |lbs. |lbs. |lbs. |lbs.|
0 | .. | .. | .. | .. | 600 | 450 | .. | .. | .. | .. |
1 | .. | 600 | 400 | 200 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
2 | 14 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
3 |Unmanured. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
| | | | | | | | | | |
4 | .. | .. | .. | .. | 200 | .. | 200 | 300 | .. | .. |
| | | | | | | | | | |
5a | .. | 300 | 200 | 100 | 200 | 150 | .. | 250 | 250 | .. |
5b | .. | 300 | 200 | 100 | 200 | 150 | .. | 250 | 250 | .. |
6a | .. | 300 | 200 | 100 | 200 | 150 | .. | 200 | 200 | .. |
6b | .. | *00 | 200 | 100 | 200 | 150 | .. | 200 | 200 | .. |
7a | .. | 300 | 200 | 100 | 200 | 150 | .. | 200 | 200 | 500|
7b | .. | 300 | 200 | 100 | 200 | 150 | .. | 200 | 200 | 500|
| | | | | | | | | | |
8a | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 200 | 200 | .. |
8b | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 200 | 200 | .. |
9a | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 200 | 200 | .. |
9b | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 200 | 200 | .. |
10a | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 200 | 200 | .. |
10b | .. | 300 | 200 | 100 | 200 | 150 | .. | .. | .. | .. |
| | | | | | | | | | |
11a | .. | .. | .. | .. | 200 | 150 | .. | 200 | 200 | .. |
11b | .. | .. | .. | .. | 200 | 150 | .. | 200 | 200 | .. |
12a | .. | 300 | .. | .. | 200 | 150 | .. | 200 | 200 | .. |
12b | .. | 300 | .. | .. | 200 | 150 | .. | 200 | 200 | .. |
13a | .. | 300 | .. | .. | 200 | 150 | .. | 200 | 200 | .. |
13b | .. | 300 | .. | .. | 200 | 150 | .. | 200 | 200 | .. |
14a | .. | 300 | .. | .. | 200 | 150 | .. | 200 | 200 | .. |
14b | .. | 300 | .. | .. | 200 | 150 | .. | 200 | 200 | .. |
| | | | | | | | | | |
15a | .. | 300 | 200 | 100 | 200 | .. | 200 | 300 | .. | .. |
15b | .. | 300 | 200 | 100 | 200 | .. | 200 | 300 | .. | 500|
| | | | | | | | | | |
16a | .. | 300 | 200 | 100 | 200 | 150 | .. | 200 | 200 | .. |
16b | .. | 300 | 200 | 100 | 200 | 150 | .. | 200 | 200 | .. |
17a | .. | 300 | 200 | 100 | 200 | 150 | .. | 200 | 200 | .. |
17b | .. | 300 | 200 | 100 | 200 | 150 | .. | 200 | 200 | .. |
18a | .. | 300 | 200 | 100 | 200 | 150 | .. | 200 | 200 | .. |
18b | .. | 300 | 200 | 100 | 200 | 150 | .. | 200 | 200 | .. |
| | | | | | | | | | |
19 | .. | .. | .. | .. | 200 | .. | 200 | 300 | .. | 500|
20 |Unmanured. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
21} | | | | | | | | | | |
22} |Mixture of the residue of most of the other manures. | .. |
----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+----+
Produce
Wt/Bu Weight per Bushel.
OC Offal Corn.
TC Total Corn.
S&C Straw and Chaff.
TP/C&S Total Produce (Corn and Straw.)
C Corn.
TP Total Produce.
OCD Offal Corn to 100 Dressed.
C100 Corn to 100 Straw.
----------------------------------+-----------------+----+----+----
| Increase per | | |
Produce per Acre, &c. | Acre By Manure. | | | P
--------------+----+----+----+----+-----+-----+-----+ | | l
Dressed Corn.| | | | | | | | | | o
--------+-----+ | | | TP | | | | | | t
Qty. |Wt/Bu| OC | TC |S&C |C&S | C | S&C | TP |OCD |C100| s
--------+-----+----+----+----+----+-----+-----+-----+----+----+----
Bu. Pks.|lbs. |lbs.|lbs.|lbs.|lbs.|lbs. |lbs. |lbs. | | |
19 1½ |60.8 | 42 |1220|2037|3257| 218| 318 | 536|3.5 |59.9| 0
.. .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 1
28 2 |61.9 | 98 |1861|3245|5106| 859|1526 | 2385|5.4 |57.3| 2
15 3¼ |60.6 | 44 |1002|1719|2721| .. | .. | .. |4.5 |58.2| 3
| | | | | | | | | | |
27 3 |61.2 | 87 |1785|3312|5097| 783|1593 | 2376|5.1 |53.9| 4
| | | | | | | | | | |
29 3½ |60.4 |171 |1974|4504|6478| 972|2785 | 3757|9.5 |43.8| 5a
30 3 |60.4 |160 |2018|4379|6397| 1016|2660 | 3676|8.6 |46.1| 5b
30 0½ |61.1 |119 |1960|3927|5887| 958|2208 | 3166|6.3 |49.9| 6a
29 3½ |61.3 |148 |1980|3959|5939| 978|2240 | 3218|8.0 |50.0| 6b
32 1 |61.0 |167 |2134|4485|6619| 1132|2766 | 3898|8.4 |47.9| 7a
32 0¼ |61.2 |150 |2112|4280|6392| 1110|2561 | 3671|7.6 |49.4| 7b
| | | | | | | | | | |
28 3 |61.1 |101 |1856|3407|5263| 854|1688 | 2542|5.5 |54.5| 8a
30 1 |61.0 |103 |1948|3591|5539| 946|1872 | 2818|5.6 |54.2| 8b
30 1½ |60.4 |118 |1951|3550|5501| 949|1831 | 2780|6.3 |55.0| 9a
27 2¾ |60.8 | 80 |1762|3165|4927| 760|1446 | 2206|4.7 |55.7| 9b
26 3¾ |60.2 |100 |1721|3089|4810| 719|1370 | 2089|6.1 |55.7| 10a
17 3¾ |61.1 | 76 |1171|1949|3120| 169| 230 | 399|6.8 |60.1| 10b
| | | | | | | | | | |
30 3¼ |61.0 |121 |2001|3806|5807| 999|2087 | 3086|6.4 |52.6| 11a
29 1½ |61.1 |145 |1940|3741|5681| 938|2022 | 2960|8.0 |51.9| 11b
29 3¾ |61.5 | 94 |1935|3921|5856| 933|2202 | 3135|5.1 |49.4| 12a
30 3¾ |61.4 |115 |2013|3905|5918| 1011|2186 | 3197|5.9 |51.5| 12b
31 3¾ |60.2 |105 |2027|4026|6053| 1025|2307 | 3332|5.4 |50.3| 13a
30 1½ |61.0 |111 |1964|4008|5972| 962|2289 | 3251|6.0 |49.0| 13b
31 1¾ |61.1 |102 |2023|4052|6075| 1021|2333 | 3354|5.3 |49.9| 14a
31 1½ |61.5 | 65 |1995|4015|6010| 993|2296 | 3289|3.2 |49.7| 14b
| | | | | | | | | | |
26 0¼ |61.5 | 90 |1693|3321|5014| 691|1602 | 2293|5.7 |51.0| 15a
30 3½ |61.0 | 59 |1942|3926|5868| 940|2207 | 3147|3.0 |49.5| 15b
| | | | | | | | | | |
33 2½ |60.3 |108 |2134|5103|7237| 1132|3384 | 4516|5.3 |41.8| 16a
33 3 |60.4 |122 |2159|4615|6774| 1157|2896 | 4053|6.0 |46.8| 16b
31 1 |61.2 | 73 |1985|4126|6111| 983|2407 | 3390|3.8 |48.1| 17a
29 2½ |61.5 |139 |1961|4034|5995| 959|2315 | 3274|7.7 |48.6| 17b
29 3¼ |61.2 |110 |1934|3927|5861| 932|2208 | 3140|6.1 |49.3| 18a
28 2½ |60.9 |103 |1845|3844|5689| 843|2125 | 2968|5.7 |48.0| 18b
| | | | | | | | | | |
29 0 |60.8 | 88 |1850|3527|5377| 848|1808 | 2656|4.9 |52.4| 19
14 0 |59.1 | 40 | 868|1639|2507| -134| -80 | -214|4.5 |53.0| 20
.. .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |}21
| | | | | | | | | | |}22
--------+---- +----+----+----+----+-----+-----+-----+----+----+----
The summer of 1850 was unusually cool and unfavorable for wheat. It will
be seen that on all the plots the yield of grain is considerably lower
than last year, with a greater growth of straw.
You will notice that 10_b_, which last year gave, with ammonia-salts
alone, 32¼ bushels, this year, with superphosphate, potash, soda, and
sulphate of magnesia, gives less than 18 bushels, while the adjoining
plot, dressed with ammonia, gives nearly 27 bushels. In other words, the
ammonia alone gives 9 bushels per acre more than this large dressing of
superphosphate, potash, etc.
On the three plots, 8_a_, 8_b_ and 9_a_, a dressing of ammonia-salts
alone gives in _each case_, a larger yield, both of grain and straw,
than the 14 tons of barn-yard manure on plot 2. And recollect that this
plot has now received 98 tons of manure in seven years.
“That,” said the Doctor, “is certainly a very remarkable fact.”
“It is so,” said the Deacon.
“But what of it?” asked the Squire, “even the Professor, here, does not
advise the use of ammonia-salts for wheat.”
“That is so,” said I, “but perhaps I am mistaken. Such facts as those
just given, though I have been acquainted with them for many years,
sometimes incline me to doubt the soundness of my conclusions. Still, on
the whole, I think I am right.”
“We all know,” said the Deacon, “that you have great respect for your
own opinions.”
“Never mind all that,” said the Doctor, “but tell us just what you think
on this subject.”
“In brief,” said I, “my opinion is this. We need ammonia for wheat. But
though ammonia-salts and nitrate of soda can often be used with decided
profit, yet I feel sure that we can get ammonia or nitrogen at a less
cost per lb. by buying bran, malt-roots, cotton-seed cake, and other
foods, and using them for the double purpose of feeding stock and making
manure.”
“I admit that such is the case,” said the Doctor, “but here is a plot of
land that has now had 14 tons of manure every year for seven years, and
yet there is a plot along side, dressed with ammonia-salts furnishing
less than half the ammonia contained in the 14 tons of manure, that
produces a better yield of wheat.”
“That,” said I, “is simply because the nitrogen in the manure is not in
an available condition. And the practical question is, how to make the
nitrogen in our manure more immediately available. It is one of the most
important questions which agricultural science is called upon to answer.
Until we get more light, I feel sure in saying that one of the best
methods is, to feed our animals on richer and more easily digested
food.”
The following table gives the results of the _eighth_ season of 1850-51.
Experiments at Rothamsted on the Growth of Wheat, Year After Year,
on the Same Land.
Table VIII.--Manures and Produce; 8th Season, 1850-51. Manures and
Seed (Red Cluster), Sown Autumn, 1850.
Manures
FM Farm-yard Manure.
WSC Cut Wheat-straw and Chaff.
CS Common Salt.
SP Sulphate of Potass.
S-A Soda-ash.
SMg Sulphate of Magnesia.
B-A Bone-ash.
SAc Sulphuric Acid. (Sp. gr. 1.7)
MAc Muriatic Acid.
SAm Sulphate of Ammonia.
MAm Muriate of Ammonia.
RC Rape-cake.
----+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| |
| Manures per Acre. |
P +-----+----+------+----+----+----+---------------+----+----+----+
l | | | | | | | Superphosphate| | | |
o | | | | | | | of Lime. | | | |
t | | | | | | +----+----+-----+ | | |
s | FM |WSC | CS | SP |S-A |SMg |B-A |SAc | MAc |SAm |MAm | RC |
----+-----+----+------+----+----+----+----+----+-----+----+----+----+
|Tons.|lbs.| lbs. |lbs.|lbs.|lbs.|lbs.|lbs.|lbs. |lbs.|lbs.|lbs.|
0 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |600 |450 | .. | .. | .. | .. |
1 | .. | .. | .. |600 |400 |200 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
2 | 14 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
3 |Unmanured.| .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
4 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |200 | .. | 200 |400 | .. | .. |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
5a | .. | .. | .. |300 |200 |100 |200 |150 | .. |300 |300 | .. |
5b | .. | .. | .. |300 |200 |100 |200 |150 | .. |300 |300 | .. |
6a | .. | .. | .. |300 |200 |100 |200 |150 | .. |200 |200 | .. |
6b | .. | .. | .. |300 |200 |100 |200 |150 | .. |200 |200 | .. |
7a | .. | .. | .. |300 |200 |100 |200 |150 | .. |200 |200 |1000|
7b | .. | .. | .. |300 |200 |100 |200 |150 | .. |200 |200 |1000|
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
8a | .. |5000| .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
8b | .. | .. | .. |300 |200 |100 |200 |150 | .. |100 |100 | .. |
9a | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |200 |200 | .. |
9b | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |200 |200 | .. |
10a | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |200 |200 | .. |
10b | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |200 |200 | .. |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
11a | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |200 |150 | .. |200 |200 | .. |
11b | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |200 |150 | .. |200 |200 | .. |
12a | .. | .. | .. |200 |100 | .. |200 |150 | .. |200 |200 | .. |
12b | .. | .. | .. |200 |100 | .. |200 |150 | .. |200 |200 | .. |
13a | .. | .. | .. |300 | .. | .. |200 |150 | .. |200 |200 | .. |
13b | .. | .. | .. |300 | .. | .. |200 |150 | .. |200 |200 | .. |
14a | .. | .. | .. |200 | .. |100 |200 |150 | .. |200 |200 | .. |
14b | .. | .. | .. |200 | .. |100 |200 |150 | .. |200 |200 | .. |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
15a | .. | .. | .. |200 |100 |100 |200 | .. | 200 |400 | .. | .. |
15b | .. | .. | .. |200 |100 |100 |200 | .. | 200 |400 | .. |500 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
16a | .. | .. |336[1]|200 |100 |100 |200 |150 | .. |300 |300 | .. |
16b | .. | .. | .. |200 |100 |100 |200 |150 | .. |300 |300 | .. |
17a | .. | .. | .. |200 |100 |100 |200 |150 | .. |200 |200 | .. |
17b | .. | .. | .. |200 |100 |100 |200 |150 | .. |200 |200 | .. |
18a | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |200 |200 | .. |
18b | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |200 |200 | .. |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
19 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |200 | .. | 200 |300 | .. |500 |
20} | {| .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
21} |Unmanured{| .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
22} | {| .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
----+----------+------+----+----+----+----+----+-----+----+----+----+
[Note 1: Top-dressed in March, 1851.]
Produce
Wt/Bu Weight per Bushel.
OC Offal Corn.
TC Total Corn.
S&C Straw and Chaff.
TP/C&S Total Produce (Corn and Straw).
C Corn.
S&C Straw and Chaff.
TP Total Produce.
OCD Offal Corn to 100 Dressed.
C100 Corn to 100 Straw.
----------------------------------+-------------------+----+----+---
| Increase per | | |
Produce per Acre, etc. | Acre By Manure | | | P
--------------+----+----+----+----+------+-----+------+ | | l
Dressed Corn.| | | | | | | | | | o
--------+-----+ | | | TP | | | | | | t
Qty. |Wt/Bu| OC | TC | S&C|C&S | C | S&C | TP |OCD |C100| s
SOURCES & PROVENANCE
1 listed
This page is an AI-organised index. The label means the grouping and cross-links were compiled with AI; the information itself comes from the public-domain books, reports and manuals listed below. Open any source to read the local copy or follow the link to the original publication.
PUBLIC-DOMAIN BOOK
Talks on Manures A Series of Familiar and Practical Talks Between the Author and the Deacon, the Doctor, and Other Neighbors, on the Whole Subject
primary
Full text in the local archive
Bibliographic record from the archive catalogue.