TALKS ON MANURES A SERIES OF FAMILIAR AND PRACTICAL TALKS BETWEEN THE AUTHOR AND THE DEACON, THE DOCTOR, AND OTHER NEIGHBORS, ON THE WHOLE SUBJECT
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227 CHAPTER XXX. Manures for Oats.-- Experiments at Rothamsted.-- Experiments of Mr. Bath of Virginia.-- At Moreton Farm.
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the age. We are inclined to take risks. We prefer to sow our land to oats, or barley, and run the chance of getting a good wheat crop after it, rather than to spend several months in
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oney. He runs his land for all it is worth. He raises wheat, barley, oats, corn, potatoes, and hay, and when he can get a good price for his timothy hay, he draws it to market and sel
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e general in this section--say, 1st year, corn on sod; 2d, barley or oats; 3d, wheat; 4th, clover for hay and afterwards for seed; 5th, timothy and clover for hay; and then the 6th ye
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rk, and butter. Everything else is consumed on the farm--corn, peas, oats, mustard, rape, mangels, clover, straw, stalks, etc. Let us make a rough estimate of how much is sold and how
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im to raise 40 bushels of wheat, 50 bushels of barley, 80 bushels of oats, and 100 bushels of shelled corn, and 5 bushels of clover-seed per acre. That this can be done on good, well-
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e raises 40 acres of wheat, 17 acres of Indian corn, and 23 acres of oats, barley, potatoes, roots, etc. In other words, he has 80 acres in crops, and 220 acres in grass--not permanen
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ess mature condition of the crop. The cereal grains, wheat, barley, oats, and Indian corn, stand next on the list, being worth from $6.32 to $7.70 per ton for manure. “Meadow-hay,”
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These are all raised on the farm; and, in addition to the home-grown oats, peas, and corn, we buy and feed out considerable quantities of bran, shorts, fine-middlings, malt-combs, cor
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s. of nitrogen and 810 lbs. of mineral matter. In other words, a cow eats 240 lbs. of nitrogen, and 25 lbs. are removed in the cheese, or not quite 10½ per cent, and of mineral matter
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up the heat of the body and sustain the vital functions. When a cow eats only 25 lbs. of hay a day, it requires one ton of hay to produce 40 lbs. of cheese. But if we could induce he
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ures. “St. Lawrence Co.,” said the Deacon, “produces capital grass, oats, and barley, but is, I should think, too far north for winter wheat; but what did Mr Harison say?”--Here is h
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ition, and which will produce the best corn, and the best barley, or oats, afterwards?” “I vote for A,” said the Deacon. “I vote for A,” said the Doctor. “I vote for A,” said the S
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Rape | 4,477. | 56.5 | 622.3 Oats | 3,331.9 | 26.6 | 1,444.7 Lupine | 3,520.9 |
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one, we must summer-fallow more, on the heavier clay soils, sow less oats and barley; or we must, on the lighter soils, raise and plow under more clover, or feed it out on the farm, b
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m it, we shall thus be enabled to raise good crops of wheat, barley, oats, potatoes, and corn, and in this sense guano is a ‘lasting’ manure.” “Barnyard-manure,” said the Doctor, “is
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he fall; plant with corn the following summer; next spring, sow with oats and clover; and the next summer, plow under the clover, and sow with wheat and timothy. We have a variety of
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d, rather stiff, clay loam, admirably adapted for wheat, barley, and oats, and capable of producing good crops of corn, potatoes, and mangel-wurzels. The land on which Mr. Lawes’ whe
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it; but I have never recommended any one to use it on wheat, barley, oats, Indian corn, or potatoes, except as an experiment. What I have recommended you to get for barley is, nitrate
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ct, strikingly mutually confirmatory.” CHAPTER XXX. MANURES FOR OATS. “What is the use of talking about manure for oats,” said the Deacon, “if land is not rich enough to produc
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. In 1869 it was sown for hay, and in 1870 was broken up and sown to oats, and the next spring planted with potatoes. The following are some of the results:
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n of almost any other crop we cultivate. We know that wheat, barley, oats, and grasses, require for their maximum growth a liberal supply of available nitrogen in the soil. And such f
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can be cultivated, than they do on land occupied with wheat, barley, oats, rye, buckwheat, or grass and clover. And even with bearing peach trees, I have seen a wonderful difference i
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oluble combinations in the soil. For spring crops, such as barley or oats, or spring wheat, or for a meadow or lawn, or for top-dressing winter-wheat in the spring, the nitrate of sod
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soil or a manure richer in available nitrogen than wheat, barley, or oats. We know that the _very reverse_ is true--know it from actual, and repeated, and long-continued experiments l
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ck of nitrogen. If I had land which had grown corn, potatoes, wheat, oats, and hay, for many years without manure, or an occasional dressing of our common barnyard-manure, and wanted
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Belleville, and Toronto (Canada). Method of transportation. Canal boats. Average load per boat. About 8,000 bushels. Average amount annually sold. 360,000 bushels. Average cost d
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er |760 | 5.3| 16.3| 6.3| 0.1| 1.2| 0.5| 2.4| 0.2| 5.2 Green Oats |810 | 3.7| 18.8| 7.5| 0.6| 1.2| 0.6| 1.7| 0.6| 5.7 Green Corn-Fodder |822 | 1.9| 12.0| 4.3| 0.5| 1.6
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nverted into Nitric Acid in the Soil, 313 ” for Oats, 253-254 ” for Potatoes,
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r Barley, 240 ” for Oats, 253 ” for Peas,
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r Barley, 243 ” ” for Oats, 252 ” ” for Onions,
Grape-Seeds |110 | .. | 25.0| 7.2| .. | 8.4| 2.1| 6.0| 0.6| 0.3
Horse-chestnuts, |492 |10.2| 12.0| 7.1| .. | 1.4| 0.1| 2.7| 0.3| 0.3
fresh | | | | | | | | | |
Acorns, fresh |560 | .. | 9.6| 6.2| 0.1| 0.7| 0.5| 1.4| 0.4| 0.1
XI. VARIOUS ANIMAL PRODUCTS
Cows’ Milk |875 | 5.1| 6.2| 1.5| 0.6| 1.3| 0.2| 1.7| .. | ..
Sheep |860 | 5.5| 8.4| 1.8| 0.3| 2.5| 0.1| 3.0| 0.1| 0.2
Cheese |450 |45.3| 67.4| 2.5|26.6| 6.9| 0.2|11.5| .. | ..
Ox-blood |790 |32.0| 7.5| 0.6| 3.4| 0.1| 0.1| 0.4| 0.2| 0.1
Calf-blood |800 |29.0| 7.1| 0.8| 2.9| 0.1| 0.1| 0.6| 0.1| ..
Sheep-blood |790 |32.0| 7.5| 0.5| 3.3| 0.1| 0.1| 0.4| 0.1| ..
Swine-blood |800 |29.0| 7.1| 1.5| 2.2| 0.1| 0.1| 0.9| 0.1| ..
Ox-flesh |770 |36.0| 12.6| 5.2| .. | 0.2| 0.4| 4.3| 0.4| 0.3
Calf flesh |780 |34.9| 12.0| 4.1| 1.0| 0.2| 0.2| 5.8| .. | 0.1
Swine-flesh |740 |34.7| 10.4| 3.9| 0.5| 0.8| 0.5| 4.6| .. | ..
Living Ox |597 |26.6| 46.6| 1.7| 1.4|20.8| 0.6|18.6| .. | 0.1
Living Calf |662 |25.0| 38.0| 2.4| 0.6|16.3| 0.5|13.8| .. | 0.1
Living Sheep |591 |22.4| 31.7| 1.5| 1.4|13.2| 0.4|12.8| .. | 0.2
Living Swine |528 |20.0| 21.6| 1.8| 0.2| 9.2| 0.4| 8.8| .. | ..
Eggs |672 |21.8| 61.8| 1.5| 1.4|54.0| 1.0| 3.7| 0.1| 0.1
Wool, washed |120 |94.4| 9.7| 1.8| 0.3| 2.4| 0.6| 0.3| .. | 2.5
Wool, unwashed |150 |54.0| 98.8|74.6| 1.9| 4.2| 1.6| 1.1| 4.0| 3.0
------------------+----+----+-----+----+----+----+----+----+----+-----
B.--AVERAGE COMPOSITION OF VARIOUS MANURES.
W Water.
OS Organic Substance.
A Ash.
N Nitrogen.
P Potash.
S Soda.
L Lime.
M Magnesia.
PhA Phosphoric Acid.
SA Sulphuric Acid.
S&S Silica and Sand.
C&F Chlorine and Florine.
------------+----+----+-----+----+----+----+----+---+----+----+----+----
Name of | | | | | | | | | | | |
Fertilizer. | W | OS | A | N | P | S | L | M | PhA| SA |S&S |C&F
------------+----+----+-----+----+----+----+----+---+----+----+----+----
I.--Animal Excrements. | | | | | | | | |
(In 1000 parts of Manure.) | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Fresh Fæces:| | | | | | | | | | | |
Horse |757 |211 | 31.6| 4.4| 3.5| 0.6| 1.5|1.2| 3.5| 0.6|19.6| 0.2
Cattle |838 |145 | 17.2| 2.9| 1.0| 0.2| 3.4|1.3| 1.7| 0.4| 7.2| 0.2
Sheep |655 |314 | 31.1| 5.5| 1.5| 1.0| 4.6|1.5| 3.1| 1.4|17.5| 0.3
Swine |820 |150 | 30.0| 6.0| 2.6| 2.5| 0.9|1.0| 4.1| 0.4|15.0| 0.3
Fresh Urine: | | | | | | | | | | |
Horse |901 | 71 | 28.0|15.5|15.0| 2.5| 4.5|2.4| .. | 0.6| 0.8| 1.5
Cattle |938 | 35 | 27.4| 5.8| 4.9| 6.4| 0.1|0.4| .. | 1.3| 0.3| 3.8
Sheep |872 | 83 | 45.2|19.5|22.6| 5.4| 1.6|3.4| 0.1| 3.0| 0.1| 6.5
Swine |967 | 28 | 15.0| 4.3| 8.3| 2.1| .. |0.8| 0.7| 0.8| .. | 2.3
Fresh Dung (with straw:)* | | | | | | | | |
Horse |713 |254 | 32.6| 5.8| 5.3| 1.0| 2.1|1.4| 2.8| 0.7|17.7| 0.4
Cattle |775 |203 | 21.8| 3.4| 4.0| 1.4| 3.1|1.1| 1.6| 0.6| 8.5| 1.0
Sheep |646 |318 | 35.6| 8.3| 6.7| 2.2| 3.3|1.8| 2.3| 1.5|14.7| 1.7
Swine |724 |250 | 25.6| 4.5| 6.0| 2.0| 0.8|0.9| 1.9| 0.8|10.8| 1.7
Common Barn-yard Manure: | | | | | | | | |
Fresh |710 |246 | 44.1| 4.5| 5.2| 1.5| 5.7|1.4| 2.1| 1.2|12.5| 1.5
Moderately| | | | | | | | | | | |
rotted |750 |192 | 58.0| 5.0| 6.3| 1.9| 7.0|1.8| 2.6| 1.6|16.8| 1.9
Thoroughly| | | | | | | | | | | |
rotted |790 |145 | 65.0| 5.8| 5.0| 1.3| 8.8|1.8| 3.0| 1.3|17.0| 1.6
Drainage from Barn-yard | | | | | | | | |
Manure |982 | 7 | 10.7| 1.5| 4.9| 1.0| 0.3|0.4| 0.1| 0.7| 0.2| 1.2
Human Fæces,| | | | | | | | | | | |
fresh |772 |198 | 29.9|10.0| 2.5| 1.6| 6.2|3.6|10.9| 0.8| 1.9| 0.4
” Urine,| | | | | | | | | | | |
” |963 | 24 | 13.5| 6.0| 2.0| 4.6| 0.2|0.2| 1.7| 0.4| .. | 5.0
Mixed human excrements, | | | | | | | | |
fresh |933 | 51 | 16.0| 7.0| 2.1| 3.8| 0.9|0.6| 2.6| 0.5| 0.2| 4.0
Mixed human excrements, mostly | | | | | | | |
liquid |955 | 30 | 15.0| 3.5| 2.0| 3.0| 1.0|0.6| 2.8| 0.4| 0.2| 4.3
Dove Manure,| | | | | | | | | | | |
fresh |519 |308 |173.0|17.6|10.0| 0.7|16.0|5.0|17.8| 3.3|20.2| ..
Hen ” ” |560 |255 |185.0|16.3| 8.5| 1.0|24.0|7.4|15.4| 4.5|35.2| ..
Duck ” ” |566 |262 |172.0|10.0| 6.2| 0.5|17.0|3.5|14.0| 3.5|28.0| ..
Geese ” ” |771 |134 | 95.0| 5.5| 9.5| 1.3| 8.4|2.0| 5.4| 1.4|14.0| ..
| | | | | | | | | | | |
II.--Commercial Manures. | | | | | | | | |
(In 100 parts of Fertilizer.) | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Peruvian | | | | | | | | | | | |
Guano |14.8|51.4| 33.8|13.0| 2.3| 1.4|11.0|1.2|13.0| 1.0| 1.7| 1.3
Norway | | | | | | | | | | | |
Fish-Guano|12.6|53.4| 34.0| 9.0| 0.3| 0.9|15.4|0.6|13.5| 0.3| 1.6| 1.1
Poudrette |24.0|27.0| 49.0| 2.0| 0.9| 1.0|18.6|0.5| 2.1| 1.0| 5.4| 1.5
Pulverized Dead | | | | | | | | | | |
Animals | 5.7|56.9| 37.4| 6.5| 0.3| 0.8|18.2|0.4|13.9| 1.0| 1.7| 0.2
Flesh-Meal |27.8|56.6| 15.6| 9.7| .. | .. | 7.0|0.3| 6.3| 0.1| 1.1| ..
Dried Blood |14.0|79.0| 7.0|11.7| 0.7| 0.6| 0.7|0.1| 1.0| 0.4| 2.1| 0.4
Horn-Meal and | | | | | | | | | | |
Shavings| 8.5|68.5| 25.0|10.2| .. | .. | 6.6|0.3| 5.5| 0.9|11.0| ..
Bone-Meal | 6.0|33.3| 60.7| 3.8| 0.2| 0.3|31.3|1.0|23.2| 0.1| 3.5| 0.3
Bone-Meal from solid | | | | | | | | | |
parts | 5.0|31.5| 63.5| 3.5| 0.1| 0.2|33.0|1.0|25.2| 0.1| 3.0| 0.2
Bone-Meal from soft | | | | | | | | | |
parts | 7.0|37.3| 55.7| 4.0| 0.2| 0.3|29.0|1.0|20.0| 0.1| 3.5| 0.2
Bone-black, before | | | | | | | | | |
used | 6.0|10.0| 84.0| 1.0| 0.1| 0.3|43.0|1.1|32.0| 0.4| 5.0| ..
Bone-black, | | | | | | | | | | | |
spent |10.0| 6.0| 84.0| 0.5| 0.1| 0.2|37.0|1.1|26.0| 0.4|15.0| ..
Bone ash | 6.0| 3.0| 91.0| .. | 0.3| 0.6|46.0|1.2|35.4| 0.4| 6.5| ..
Baker Guano |10.0| 9.2| 81.0| 0.5| 0.2| 1.2|41.5|1.5|34.8| 1.5| 0.8| 0.3
Jarvis Guano|11.8| 8.2| 80.0| 0.4| 0.4| 0.3|39.1|0.5|20.6|18.0| 0.5| 0.2
Estremadura | | | | | | | | | | | |
Apatite | 0.6| .. | .. | .. | 0.7| 0.3|48.1|0.1|37.6| 0.2| 9.0| 1.5
Sombrero | | | | | | | | | | | |
Phosphate | 8.5| .. | 91.5| 0.1| .. | 0.8|43.5|0.6|35.0| 0.5| 1.0| 0.6
Navassa | | | | | | | | | | | |
Phosphate | 2.6| 5.4| 92.0| 0.1| .. | .. |37.5|0.6|33.2| 0.5| 5.0| 0.1
Nassau Phosphorite, | | | | | | | | | |
rich | 2.6| .. | 97.4| .. | 0.8| 0.4|45.1|0.2|33.0| 0.3| 5.5| 3.1
Nassau Phosphorite, | | | | | | | | | |
medium | 2.5| .. | 97.5| .. | 0.7| 0.4|40.1|0.2|24.1| .. |20.8| 1.5
Westphalian Phos-| | | | | | | | | | |
phorite | 6.5| 1.6| 91.8| .. | .. | .. |21.8|0.9|19.7| 1.0|22.0| 1.6
Hanover Phos- | | | | | | | | | | |
phorite | 2.0| 3.5| 94.5| .. | .. | .. |37.2|0.2|29.2| 0.5| 3.3| 1.5
Coprolites | 4.3| .. | 95.7| .. | 1.0| 0.5|45.4|1.0|26.4| 0.8| 7.5| 0.1
Sulphate of | | | | | | | | | | | |
Ammonia | 4.0| .. | .. |20.0| .. | .. | 0.5| ..| .. |58.0| 3.0| 1.4
Nitrate of | | | | | | | | | | | |
Soda | 2.6| .. | .. |15.5| .. |35.0| 0.2| ..| .. | 0.7| 1.5| 1.7
Wool-dust and | | | | | | | | | | |
offal |10.0|56.0| 34.0| 5.2| 0.3| 0.1| 1.4|0.3| 1.3| 0.5|29.0| 0.2
Lime-cake | 6.5|47.0| 46.5| 3.1| .. | .. |20.5|2.4| 3.0| .. | 8.0| ..
Whale-oil | | | | | | | | | | | |
refuse |23.0|68.4| 8.6| 5.7| .. | .. | 3.0|0.2| 2.3| .. | 3.0| ..
Common Salt | 5.0| .. | 95.0| .. | .. |44.3| 1.2|0.2| .. | 1.4| 2.0|48.2
Gypsum or | | | | | | | | | | | |
Plaster |20.0| .. | 80.8| .. | .. | .. |31.0|0.1| .. |44.0| 4.0| ..
Gas-lime | 7.0| 1.3| 91.7| 0.4| 0.2| .. |64.5|1.5| .. |12.5| 3.0| ..
Sugar-House | | | | | | | | | | | |
Scum |34.5|24.5| 41.0| 1.2| 0.2| 0.6|20.7|0.3| 1.5| 0.3| 9.1| 0.1
Leached wood| | | | | | | | | | | |
ashes |20.0| 5.0| 75.0| .. | 2.5| 1.3|24.5|2.5| 6.0| 0.3|20.0| ..
Wood-soot | 5.0|71.8| 23.2| 1.3| 2.4| 0.5|10.0|1.5| 0.4| 0.3| 4.0| ..
Coal-soot | 5.0|70.2| 24.8| 2.5| 0.1| .. | 4.0|1.5| .. | 1.7|16.0| ..
Ashes from Deciduous | | | | | | | | | |
trees | 5.0| 5.0| 90.0| .. |10.0| 2.5|30.0|5.0| 6.5| 1.6|18.0| 0.3
Ashes from Evergreen | | | | | | | | | |
trees | 5.0| 5.0| 90.0| .. | 6.0| 2.0|35.0|6.0| 4.5| 1.6|18.0| 0.3
Peat-ashes | 5.0| .. | 95.0| .. | 1.5| 0.8| ? |1.5| 0.6| 1.3| ? | 0.2
Bituminous | | | | | | | | | | | |
coal-ashes| 5.0| .. | 95.0| .. | 0.5| 0.4| ? |3.2| 0.2| 3.5| ? | ..
Anthracite | | | | | | | | | | | |
coal-ashes| 5.0| 5.0| 90.0| .. | 0.1| 0.1| ? |3.0| 0.1| 5.0| ? | ..
| | | | | | | | | | | |
III. Superphosphate, from | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Peruvian | | | | | | | | | | | |
Guano |16.0|41.9| 42.1|10.0| 2.0| 1.2| 9.5|1.0|10.5|15.0| 1.5| 1.1
Baker Guano |15.0| 6.2| 78.8| 0.3| 0.1| 0.8|25.9|0.9|21.8|28.5| 0.9| 0.2
Estremadura | | | | | | | | | | | |
Apatite |15.0| .. | 85.0| .. | 0.4| 0.2|28.2|0.1|22.1|28.5| 5.3| 0.9
Sombrero | | | | | | | | | | | |
Phosphate |15.0| .. | 85.0| .. | .. | 0.5|26.4|0.4|20.2|25.5| 0.6| 0.4
Navassa | | | | | | | | | | | |
Phosphate |15.0| 2.5| 82.5| .. | .. | ? |17.0|0.3|15.4|19.5| 2.3| ?
Nassau Phosphorite, | | | | | | | | | |
rich |15.0| .. |85.0 | .. | 0.5| 0.2|26.5|0.1|19.4|25.5| 3.2| 1.8
Nassau Phosphorite, | | | | | | | | | |
medium |12.0| .. |88.0 | .. | 0.3| 0.1|24.2|0.1|16.6|19.5|13.5| 1.3
Bone-black |15.0| 8.0|77.0 | 0.3| .. | 0.1|25.0|0.7|16.2|21.0| 9.3| ..
Bone-Meal |13.0|23.8|63.2 | 2.0| 0.1| 0.2|22.4|0.7|16.6|19.5| 2.5| 0.2
Phospho-guano (manu- | | | | | | | | | |
factured.)|15.5|13.0|80.3 | 3.3| 0.3| 0.4|24.0| ..|20.5|28.8| 3.0| 0.9
------------+----+----+-----+----+----+----+----+---+----+----+----+----
* It is estimated that in the case of horses, cattle, and swine,
one-third of the urine drains away. The following is the amount of
wheat-straw used daily as bedding for each animal. Horse, 6 lbs.;
Cattle, 8 lbs.; Swine, 4 lbs., and sheep, 0.6 lbs.
2.--TABLE SHOWING THE DISTRIBUTION OF INGREDIENTS IN SOME
MANUFACTURING PROCESSES.
DS Dry Substance.
N Nitrogen.
A Ash.
P Potash.
L Lime.
M Magnesia.
PhA Phosphoric Acid.
----------------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----
Name of Material. | DS | N | A | P | L | M | PhA
----------------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----
1.--Brewing. | lbs.| lbs.| lbs.| lbs.| lbs.| lbs.| lbs.
1000 lbs. Barley, contain |855 | 15.2|22.23|4.48 |0.58 |1.92 |7.71
15 ” Hops ” | 13.2| .. | 1.00|0.345|0.167|0.056|0.168
Distribution of the Ingredients: | | | | |
Water | .. | .. | 1.23|0.852|0.039|0.045|0.234
Malt-Sprouts | 33 | 1.38| 2.43|0.749|0.069|0.066|0.653
Brewers’ Grains |269 | 8.74|13.08|0.580|1.474|1.134|3.631
Spent Hops | 9 | .. | 0.54|0.032|0.160|0.055|0.062
Yeast | 30 | 2.94| 2.27|0.643|0.097|0.185|1.349
Beer | .. | 2.14| 3.65|1.998| .. |0.484|0.939
| | | | | | |
2.--Distillery. | | | | | | |
a. 1000 lbs. Potatoes, | | | | | | |
contain |250 | 3.2 | 9.43|5.69 | 0.24|0.44 |1.63
40 ” Kiln-Malt | 37 | 0.56| 1.06|0.184|0.040|0.088|0.388
20 ” Yeast-Malt | 18.5| 0.28| 0.53|0.092|0.020|0.044|0.194
The Slump, contains |125 | 4.04|11.02|5.966|0.300|0.572|2.212
(b.) Grain Spirits. | | | | | | |
800 lbs. Rye, contain |684 |14.08|14.32|4.501|0.376|1.648|6.710
200 ” Kiln-Malt, contain |184 | 2.82| 5.12|0.883|0.195|0.429|1.526
50 ” Yeast-Malt, ” | 46 | 0.71| 1.28|0.221|0.049|0.107|0.382
The Slump, contains |443 |17.61|20.72|5.605|0.620|2.184|8.618
| | | | | | |
3.--Yeast Manufacture. | | | | | | |
700 lbs. bruised Rye, | | | | | | |
contain |599 |12.32|12.53|3.941|0.329|1.444|5.876
300 ” Barley-Malt, ” |276 | 4.23| 7.67|1.325|0.293|0.643|2.801
Distribution of the Ingredients: | | | | |
Yeast | 45 | 4.60| 3.41|1.273|0.192|0.367|2.672
Grains and Slump |325 |11.95|16.79|3.993|0.430|1.720|6.005
| | | | | | |
4.--Starch Manufacture. | | | | | | |
1000 lbs. Potatoes, contain |250 | 3.20| 9.43|5.69 |0.24 |0.44 |1.63
The remains in the Fibre | 75 | 0.60| 0.51|0.086|0.266|0.042|0.133
” ” ” Water | 45 | 2.60| 8.89|5.604| .. |0.398|1.497
| | | | | | |
5.--Milling. | | | | | | |
1000 lbs. Wheat, contain |857 |20.80|16.88|5.26 |0.57 |2.02 |7.94
Distribution of the Ingredients: | | | | |
Flour (77.5 per cent) |664 |14.65| 5.50|1.980|0.154|0.458|2.862
Mill-feed ( 6.5 ” ) | 58 | 1.64| 1.80|0.648|0.050|0.148|0.936
Bran (16.0 ” ) |135 | 4.51| 9.60|2.762|0.396|1.394|4.102
| | | | | | |
6.--Cheese-Making. | | | | | | |
1000 lbs. Milk, contain |125 | 4.80| 6.10|1.505|1.333|0.186|1.735
Distribution of the Ingredients: | | | | |
Cheese | 65 | 4.53| 2.84|0.247|0.687|0.028|1.515
Whey | 60 | 0.27| 3.26|1.258|0.646|0.158|0.584
| | | | | | |
7.--Beet-Sugar Manufacture. | | | | | |
1000 lbs. Roots, contain |184 | 1.60| 7.10|3.914|0.379|0.536|0.780
Distribution of the Ingredients: | | | | |
Tops and Tails (12 per cent | | | | | | |
of roots) | 19 | 0.24| 1.15|0.336|0.108|0.132|0.144
Pomace (15 per cent | | | | | | |
of roots) | 46 | 0.44| 1.71|0.585|0.390|0.105|0.165
Skimmings (4 per cent | | | | | | |
of roots) | 24 | 0.60| 1.20|0.380|8.640|0.240|0.384
Molasses (3 per cent | | | | | | |
of roots) | 25 | 0.32| 2.47|1.741|0.141|0.009|0.015
Sugar and loss | 85 | .. | 0.57|0.872| .. |0.040|0.072
| | | | | | |
8. Flax Dressing. | | | | | | |
1000 lbs. Flax-Stalks, | | | | | | |
contain |860 | .. |30.36|9.426|6.751|1.995|3.990
Distribution of the Ingredients: | | | | |
In the Water |215 | .. |25.15|9.175|4.100|1.850|3.400
Stems or Husks |460 | .. | 4.03|0.171|2.052|0.096|0.474
Flax and Tow |155 | .. | 1.22|0.054|0.648|0.054|0.126
----------------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----
INDEX.
Absorptive Powers of Soils, 217
Ammonia Absorbed by Soil from the Atmosphere, 219
Ammonia and Superphosphate, 242
” and Weeds, 254
” Converted into Nitric Acid in the Soil, 313
” for Oats, 253-254
” for Potatoes, 261
” for Wheat, 192-213
” in Fresh Horse-dung, 96
” in Limed and Unlimed Soils, 220
” in the Soil Liberated by Lime, 221
” Locked Up in the Soil, 221
” Loss of by Fermenting Manure, 98
” on Grass Land, 273
” Potential, 31
” Quantity of to Produce One Bushel of Wheat, 211-212
” Required to Produce a Bushel of Barley, 240-242
” Retained by the Soil, 218
” Salts, Composition of, 312
” ” How to Apply, 286-312
” ” for Private Gardens, 297
Anderson, J. M. B., Letter from, 345
Animals, Composition of Manure from Different, 306
” What They Remove from the Food, 301
Apple Trees, Nitrate of Soda for, 314
Artificial Manures, Will They Pay, 214
Ashes, Burnt Earth, 72
” Coal, 72
” for Barley, 241
” for Indian Corn, 279
” for Oats, 253
” for Potatoes, 259
” of Manure for Wheat, 173
” on Long Island, 346
” Plaster and Hen-dung for Potatoes, 255
” Wood, 104
Barley After Ten Crops of Turnips, 250
” a Large Yield of, 242
” and Clover after a heavily-manured Root-crop, 287
” Best Soil for, 227
” Cost of Raising With and Without Manure, 245
” Lawes’ and Gilbert’s Experiments on, 227
” Potash Increases the Crop of at Rothamsted, 329
” Profits of Raising in Poor Seasons, 243
” Quality and Price of, 242
” Yield Per Acre, 11
SOURCES & PROVENANCE
1 listed
This page is an AI-organised index. The label means the grouping and cross-links were compiled with AI; the information itself comes from the public-domain books, reports and manuals listed below. Open any source to read the local copy or follow the link to the original publication.
PUBLIC-DOMAIN BOOK
Talks on Manures A Series of Familiar and Practical Talks Between the Author and the Deacon, the Doctor, and Other Neighbors, on the Whole Subject
primary
Full text in the local archive
Bibliographic record from the archive catalogue.