TALKS ON MANURES A SERIES OF FAMILIAR AND PRACTICAL TALKS BETWEEN THE AUTHOR AND THE DEACON, THE DOCTOR, AND OTHER NEIGHBORS, ON THE WHOLE SUBJECT
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227 CHAPTER XXX. Manures for Oats.-- Experiments at Rothamsted.-- Experiments of Mr. Bath of Virginia.-- At Moreton Farm.
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the age. We are inclined to take risks. We prefer to sow our land to oats, or barley, and run the chance of getting a good wheat crop after it, rather than to spend several months in
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oney. He runs his land for all it is worth. He raises wheat, barley, oats, corn, potatoes, and hay, and when he can get a good price for his timothy hay, he draws it to market and sel
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e general in this section--say, 1st year, corn on sod; 2d, barley or oats; 3d, wheat; 4th, clover for hay and afterwards for seed; 5th, timothy and clover for hay; and then the 6th ye
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rk, and butter. Everything else is consumed on the farm--corn, peas, oats, mustard, rape, mangels, clover, straw, stalks, etc. Let us make a rough estimate of how much is sold and how
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im to raise 40 bushels of wheat, 50 bushels of barley, 80 bushels of oats, and 100 bushels of shelled corn, and 5 bushels of clover-seed per acre. That this can be done on good, well-
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e raises 40 acres of wheat, 17 acres of Indian corn, and 23 acres of oats, barley, potatoes, roots, etc. In other words, he has 80 acres in crops, and 220 acres in grass--not permanen
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ess mature condition of the crop. The cereal grains, wheat, barley, oats, and Indian corn, stand next on the list, being worth from $6.32 to $7.70 per ton for manure. “Meadow-hay,”
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These are all raised on the farm; and, in addition to the home-grown oats, peas, and corn, we buy and feed out considerable quantities of bran, shorts, fine-middlings, malt-combs, cor
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s. of nitrogen and 810 lbs. of mineral matter. In other words, a cow eats 240 lbs. of nitrogen, and 25 lbs. are removed in the cheese, or not quite 10½ per cent, and of mineral matter
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up the heat of the body and sustain the vital functions. When a cow eats only 25 lbs. of hay a day, it requires one ton of hay to produce 40 lbs. of cheese. But if we could induce he
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ures. “St. Lawrence Co.,” said the Deacon, “produces capital grass, oats, and barley, but is, I should think, too far north for winter wheat; but what did Mr Harison say?”--Here is h
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ition, and which will produce the best corn, and the best barley, or oats, afterwards?” “I vote for A,” said the Deacon. “I vote for A,” said the Doctor. “I vote for A,” said the S
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Rape | 4,477. | 56.5 | 622.3 Oats | 3,331.9 | 26.6 | 1,444.7 Lupine | 3,520.9 |
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one, we must summer-fallow more, on the heavier clay soils, sow less oats and barley; or we must, on the lighter soils, raise and plow under more clover, or feed it out on the farm, b
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m it, we shall thus be enabled to raise good crops of wheat, barley, oats, potatoes, and corn, and in this sense guano is a ‘lasting’ manure.” “Barnyard-manure,” said the Doctor, “is
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he fall; plant with corn the following summer; next spring, sow with oats and clover; and the next summer, plow under the clover, and sow with wheat and timothy. We have a variety of
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d, rather stiff, clay loam, admirably adapted for wheat, barley, and oats, and capable of producing good crops of corn, potatoes, and mangel-wurzels. The land on which Mr. Lawes’ whe
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it; but I have never recommended any one to use it on wheat, barley, oats, Indian corn, or potatoes, except as an experiment. What I have recommended you to get for barley is, nitrate
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ct, strikingly mutually confirmatory.” CHAPTER XXX. MANURES FOR OATS. “What is the use of talking about manure for oats,” said the Deacon, “if land is not rich enough to produc
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. In 1869 it was sown for hay, and in 1870 was broken up and sown to oats, and the next spring planted with potatoes. The following are some of the results:
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n of almost any other crop we cultivate. We know that wheat, barley, oats, and grasses, require for their maximum growth a liberal supply of available nitrogen in the soil. And such f
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can be cultivated, than they do on land occupied with wheat, barley, oats, rye, buckwheat, or grass and clover. And even with bearing peach trees, I have seen a wonderful difference i
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oluble combinations in the soil. For spring crops, such as barley or oats, or spring wheat, or for a meadow or lawn, or for top-dressing winter-wheat in the spring, the nitrate of sod
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soil or a manure richer in available nitrogen than wheat, barley, or oats. We know that the _very reverse_ is true--know it from actual, and repeated, and long-continued experiments l
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ck of nitrogen. If I had land which had grown corn, potatoes, wheat, oats, and hay, for many years without manure, or an occasional dressing of our common barnyard-manure, and wanted
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Belleville, and Toronto (Canada). Method of transportation. Canal boats. Average load per boat. About 8,000 bushels. Average amount annually sold. 360,000 bushels. Average cost d
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er |760 | 5.3| 16.3| 6.3| 0.1| 1.2| 0.5| 2.4| 0.2| 5.2 Green Oats |810 | 3.7| 18.8| 7.5| 0.6| 1.2| 0.6| 1.7| 0.6| 5.7 Green Corn-Fodder |822 | 1.9| 12.0| 4.3| 0.5| 1.6
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nverted into Nitric Acid in the Soil, 313 ” for Oats, 253-254 ” for Potatoes,
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r Barley, 240 ” for Oats, 253 ” for Peas,
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r Barley, 243 ” ” for Oats, 252 ” ” for Onions,
from which it is Derived, 301
” Sea-weed as, 337
” Sheep, 86
” Should be Broken Up Fine, 268
” Soluble Phosphates in, 72
” Special, 140-320
” Specific Gravity of from Different Animals, 305
” Spread in Open Yard, 63
” Stable, Management, 333
” Straw and Chaff as, 200
” Superphosphate, How Made, 317
” Swamp-Muck as, 29
” Tank, 115
” the Author’s Plan of Managing, 83
” Tillage as, 32-121-225
” Top-dressing for Wheat in Kansas, 350
” ” ” on Growing Crops, 343
” to What Crops Should it be Applied, 265
” Value of, 78
” Value of Depends on the Food, Not on the Animal, 43
” Value of Straw as, 123
” Water in, 124
” Weeds as, 24
” Weight of, 343-350
” Well-rotted, Composition of, 65
” Well-rotted, Loss from Leaching, 65
” What is it?, 19-22
” Why Do We Ferment?, 94
Market Gardens, Irrigation in, 295
” ” Manure for, 294
” ” Pig-manure on, 295
Meadows, Manure for, 271
Night soil, 225-308
Nitrate of Potash, 312
Nitrate of Soda, 134
” ” Acts Quicker than Ammonia, 313
” ” as a Top-dressing for Wheat, 270
” ” Composition of, 312
” ” for Apple Trees, 314
” ” for Barley, 243
” ” for Oats, 252
” ” for Onions, 294
” ” for Sugar-Beets, 289
” ” for Wheat, 159
” ” How to Apply, 312
Nitric Acid, 341
Nitrogen, Amount per Acre in the Soil, 28-162
” as Manure, 28
” in Soils, 106-226-336-341
” Makes Poor Manure Rich, 246
Nurserymen, Manure for, 297
Oats, Experiments on in Virginia, 253
” Experiments on at Moreton Farm, 254
” Lawes’ and Gilbert’s Experiments on, 252
” Manures for, 252
Oil-cake for Sheep, 76
Onions, Manure for, 294
Peas for Pigs, 17
Pea-straw for Manure, 48
Peat, Composition of, 31
Phosphates, 27
” Exhaustion of on Dairy Farms, 101
” Soluble in Barn-yard Manure, 72
Phosphoric Acid in Soils, 106-226
” ” per Acre in Soils, 162
” ” Retained by the Soil, 219
” ” Removed from the Farm by Hay,
and by Milch Cows, 316
Pig Manure, 43-86
” ” Composition of, 306
” ” for Cabbage, 302
Pigs as Manure-Makers for Market Gardeners, 295
Pigs’ Bedding, 31
” for Enriching Pasture-Land, 304
” How to Save Manure from, 304
” Manure from, 301-304
Piling Manure, 97
Plant-food, 21-105
” ” Amount of in an Acre, 24-39
” ” in New and Cultivated Land, 39
Plaster for Indian Corn, 277
Plowing in the Fall, 17
Potash, Amount of in the Soil, 25-329
” as Manure, 329
” as Manure for Wheat, 215
” for Cabbages, 292
” for Potatoes, 255-260
” for Potatoes and Root-Crops, 330
” How to Ascertain when the Soil Needs, 330
” in Nitrate of Potash, 314
” Not a Special Manure for Turnips, 322
” on Grass Land, 273
” our Soils not so likely to be Deficient in,
as of Nitrogen and Phosphoric Acid, 330
” Retained by the Soil, 219
” Value of in Artificial Manures, 326
Potatoes, after Root-Crops, 287
” Ammonia for, 261
” Cost of Raising, 10
” Experiments on at Moreton Farm, 259
” for Manure, 48
” How to Raise a Large Crop, 255
” Manures for, 255
” Mr. Hunter’s Experiments on in England, 260
” on Rich Land, 263
” Profits of Using Artificial Manures on, 263
” Will Manure Injure, Quality of, 264
Rape-cake, 46
” ” as Manure for Hops, 274
Roots, Amount of Left in Soil by Different Crops, 164
Root-crops, 17
Rotation of Crops and Manures, 246
Rushmore, J. H., Letter from, 345
Routzahn, H. L., Letter from, 349
Salt as a Manure for Wheat, 270
” Common as Manure for Wheat, 200
” for Mangel-wurzels, 104
Saw-dust for Bedding, 103
Season, a Poor, Profitable for Good Farmers, 213
” and Manure for Oats, 253
” Influence of on the Growth of Wheat, 210
” Profit in Raising Oats in a Poor, 253
” Profit in Raising Barley in a Poor, 243
Seasons, Influence on Crops, 21
Seed Growers, Manures for, 296
Sewage, 308
Sheep-Manure, 303-333-339
” ” Composition of, 306
” vs. Oxen as Manure Makers, 303
Shelton, Prof. E. M., Letter from, 350
Soil, Composition of, 144-150
” Exhaustion of, 23-27-332
” from Earth-closet, 225
” Nitrogen and Phosphoric Acid in, 226
” Plant-food in, 105
” Weight of per Acre, 221
Soils Absorb Ammonia from Atmosphere, 219
” Absorptive Powers of, 217
Sorghum, Manures for, 283
Special Manures, 320
Straw, 26
” Amount of Manure from, 124
” and Chaff for Manure, 200
” for Manures, 48
” on Grain Farms, 118
” Selling, 123
Sturtevant, Dr. E. L., Letter from, 344
Superphosphate, 116
” for Barley, 241
” for Indian Corn, 279
” for Potatoes, 259
” for Private Gardens, 296
” for Turnips, 285-322
” for Wheat, 168-169
” from Bones, Composition of, 319
” from Mineral Phosphates, 320
” How Applied, 320
” on Dairy Farms, 315
” on Grass Land, 273
” Value of as Compared with Bone-Dust, 319
” What Crops Best for, 243
Superphospate of Lime, Doctor Tells How it is Made, 317
Superphosphate of Lime, When First Made in the United States, 324
Surface Application of Manure, 70-268
Swamp-muck, 29
” ” Composition of, 31
Swine, see Pigs.
Thomas, J. J., Remarks on the Application of Manures, 269
Tillage is Manure, 32-121-163-225
Tobacco, Manure for, 275
Top dressing with Manure, 269
Turnips, Do They Absorb Nitrogen from the Atmosphere, 250
” Impoverish the Soil More than Grain, 250
” Manure for, 285
” and Wheat, Special Manures for, 321
Urine from Farm Animals Richer than Human, 309
” vs. Solid Manure, 294
Valuation of Fertilizers, 324
Water, Amount Given Off by Plants During Their Growth, 131
Water Equivalent to Manure, 296
Weeds, 15-41-189
Weed-seeds in Manure, 97
Weld, Col. M. C., Letter from, 344
Wheat, Ammonia for, 192
” Artificial Manures for
Should be Drilled in with Seed, 168-169
” Common Salt as Manure for, 200
” Crop, Composition of, 26-129-138-340
” Effect of Manure on, in Poor Season, 213
” Influence of Season on, 210
” is it Deteriorating? 189
” Larger Crops per Acre, 122
” Lawes’ and Gilbert’s Experiments on, 140-170-333
” Manures for, 167
” Mr. Lawes’ Experiments on, 122
” Nitrogen as Manure for, 141
” Plant-food in, 101
” Potash as Manure for, 215
” Straw and Chaff as a Manure for, 200
” Summer Fallowing for, 35-168
” the 20th Crop on Same Land, 213
” Top-dressing for, 270
” vs. Corn, Comparative Yield of, 276
” Well-rotted Manure for, 267
” Why Our Crops are so Poor, 214
” Yield per Acre, 11
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Talks on Manures A Series of Familiar and Practical Talks Between the Author and the Deacon, the Doctor, and Other Neighbors, on the Whole Subject
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