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underscores_. Subscripts are represented by an underscore and curly braces: _{2} (for example, SiO_{2}). Ligatures which cannot be reproduced in the Latin-1 character set are enclosed
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the digestive organs are very common among cattle, and may often be traced to defects in feeding. The first three stomachs of the larger ruminants hold the feed for a long time, durin
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lution in water, should be applied on the swollen gland and kept in place by means of a bandage. Whenever the poultice has cooled it should be replaced by a new one. This treatment sh
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LOW HORN; LOSS OF CUD; WOLF IN THE TAIL). It would appear quite in place here, in connection with the diseases of the stomach and bowels of cattle, to consider the three old fallacie
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at is characterized by the formation of a false membrane upon the surface of the lining membrane of the intestines, particularly the large ones. _Symptoms._--There is fever, depressi
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r of the abdominal organs protruding through it. This is what takes place when this method has a favorable result, though if the umbilicus does not become adherent and the skin slough
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on of purgatives which promote a watery discharge from the mucous surface of the bowels also tends, by diminishing the serum of the blood, to bring about absorption and a gradual remo
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f cattle sometimes comes from their having licked freshly painted surfaces and thus swallowed compounds containing white lead. In several instances cattle have been poisoned by silage
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a cornfield. WATER HEMLOCK (CICUTA). This plant, growing in wet places by ditches and along creeks, is the most poisonous of North American plants. The root is the poisonous part,
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given in an overdose, or when applied as a blister to too large a surface of skin enough may be absorbed to poison. If given by the mouth, it causes severe irritation of the gastroint
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ained, the feet are drawn somewhat together, the back is arched, the face has an anxious expression. If the disease is of several days' standing, there is likely to be soft swelling (
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expression of the eye; by the distress and suffering apparent in the face; and by other evidences. The general physical condition and attitude of the sick animal tell the careful obs
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is profuse and persistent, either a drench composed of 1-1/2 drams of acetate of lead dissolved in a pint of water or 1-1/2 drams of gallic acid dissolved in a pint of water should be
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ecedes the tail). The spinal cord gives off branches at each of the spaces between the segments of the backbone. These branches form nerve trunks which carry both sensory and motor im
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, to a greater or less extent, may be the result. Fracture, with displacement of the bones (vertebrÊ) which form the spinal column, by compressing the spinal cord, produces paralysis,
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uch (pelvis) situated in an excavation in the center of the lower surface. While the ox is the only domesticated quadruped which maintains this divided condition of the kidney after b
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. It has also been distinguished according to the changes that take place in the kidney, especially as seen after death, according to the quantity of albumin in the urine, and accordi
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tions of warm water; Spanish-fly blisters must be washed from the surface; a prolonged and too active exertion must be intermitted. The spasm may be relaxed by injecting one-half ounc
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luble form in combination as silicate of potash, but at times is displaced by oxalic or other acid and then appears as gritty, sandy particles in the stem. This gritty, insoluble sili
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scle (accelerator urinÊ) beneath the anus (Pl. IX, fig. 2) may take place in a rhythmical or pulsating manner. As a rule, however, no symptom is noticed for two days, only the animal
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well as increased predisposition to disease. When the heifers of the race have for generation after generation been bred under a year old, the demand for the nourishment of the fetus
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ss when handled; the wrinkles in the skin become shallower and are effaced, and the teats are materially enlarged. Beginning a few weeks after conception, this tends to a steady devel
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pery stalls in which the flooring boards are laid longitudinally in place of transversely, and on which there is no device to give a firm foothold, are almost equally dangerous. Drivi
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inclosure separate from the females and in having all services take place on neutral ground. Great care should be used in purchasing cattle, and cows not known to be free from the di
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he. If, therefore, it is possible to anticipate and prevent this displacement and compression of the navel string it should be done, but if this is no longer possible, then the extrac
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ference in direction we can easily select the two feet of one calf, place running nooses upon them just above the hoofs or fetlocks, and have an assistant drag upon the ropes while th
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t first, or if now, the lower jaw can be reached, a noose should be placed around it behind the incisor teeth and traction made upon this, so that the head may continue to be turned,
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ring the feet into the pelvis, lest they get inbent or otherwise displaced and add unnecessary complications. With a transverse direction of the calf, the head being turned to one si
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extracts the calf and gives it to an attendant to convey to a safe place. The womb may be drawn out, but not until all the liquid has flowed out, and the fetal membranes must be sepa
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f blood which accumulated in clots around the calf. Other causes are laceration of the cotyledons of the womb, or from an antecedent inflammation of the placenta, and the unnatural ad
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hich is attached to the firm fungus-shaped cotyledon on the inner surface of the womb, is seized by the little finger, and the other fingers and thumb are closed on it so as to tear i
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not of induration of the feces, as often shown by the semiliquid, pultaceous condition of the contents after death. The bladder, too, is paralyzed and fails to expel its contents. A f
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mass, causing permanent hardening (induration). In other cases, in place of the product of inflammation developing into a fibrous mass, it softens and breaks down into white, creamy,
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n the body of the cow, but in five or six hours after milking the surface layers are found to be one dense network of filaments. If a needle is dipped in this and lifted the liquid is
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black, soft, friable, and pultaceous. If the pus is white, creamy, and comparatively inoffensive in odor, the secondary formations in internal
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wo-thirds. If the stools smell particularly sour, the milk may be replaced by 1 ounce calcined magnesia, and in any case a tablespoonful or two of limewater must be given with each me
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cation, relation, and function of each one. In early fetal life the place of bone is supplied by temporary cartilage, which gradually changes to bone. For convenience of study, bones
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st one another from the muscular contraction which invariably takes place, hangs dependent from the body it swings in an awkward and unnatural manner, permitting the toe and foot to a
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e teeth, and feeding the animal on sloppy feed until recovery takes place. The wound should be dressed once or twice a day with a 3 per cent solution of carbolic acid, forced gently i
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and apply over the inner and fore part of the joint, covering the surface an inch and a half in every direction from the enlargement, or over an area 3 to 4 inches across. Fasten the
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st the horn in such position that the cut will be made in the right place and in the right direction. The handles should then be drawn together with a quick, firm, strong pull so that
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ding or while in the recumbent position. If standing, she should be placed against a wall or a partition and her head held by a strong assistant. The legs also must be secured to prev
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diagnosis the trained observer will note color, size, shape, and surface structure, transmission of light, movableness, consistence, resistance, pulsation, and crepitation. Percussio
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readily detachable from the subcutis of the skin. Their internal surfaces are often uneven or supplied with projections or tufted growths which support a fibrous network within the t
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the swelling may disappear in a few hours, or it may go away in one place and reappear on another part of the body. It is always accompanied with a great desire to rub the affected pa
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tment._--Remove all crusts by washing with soap and water, then apply acetic acid, sulphur ointment, tincture of iodin or nitrate of mercury ointment once a day. Cleanse the stable an
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ent. The choroid coat will be recognized as the black layer lying subjacent to the sclerotic. It does not line the cornea, but terminates behind the line of junction of that coat with
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darkened stable. For the most part the formation of cataract takes place slowly, the cases in which it originates very quickly being but few. _Treatment._--There is only one method
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it. This condition is chiefly caused by a faulty secretion of the sebaceous glands of the ear. Thoroughly clean the ear with a stiff brush, then anoint it, so far as affected, with v
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chlorid of lime, in the top of which a deep crater is made for the placement of from 1 to 2 pints of crude acid. The edge of the crater is thereupon pushed into the fluid, when a liv
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lobe is cut through at right angles to its long diameter, the cut surface presents a variety of interesting changes. In the first place the spaces between the small subdivisions of th
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lorid of mercury, 1 part to 2,000 of water. After the flooring is replaced the woodwork should be coated with limewash, containing one-fourth pound of chlorid of lime to the gallon of
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scovered in Massachusetts and Rhode Island. The earliest cases were traced to Chelsea, Mass., near the docks, and it was suspected for a time that the infection was brought in with fo
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it changes to a croupous membrane which peels off, leaving a raw surface, while the thin skin between the toes may also be inflamed. The previous history of the case; the failure of
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spring of the year, when the melting snows and rains bring to the surface the subterranean waters from rich soils containing nitrogenous materials in which the bacteria have been exis
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from rabies by the persistence of muscular cramps, especially of the face and abdomen, which cause these muscles to become set and as hard as wood. In tetanus there is also an absence
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t is composed of several kinds of tissue cells. Soon a change takes place within the tubercle. Disintegration begins, and a soft, cheesy substance is formed in the center, which may c
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been made months or years before. In 28 cases the injection took place from 19 days to 2 months before the butchering; in 3 of these cases earlier injections had been made. In 38
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he application of the ophthalmic test. The ophthalmic tuberculin is placed in one eye and the other eye is used as a check. A reaction is indicated by a characteristic discharge from
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h, had a temperature of 104∞ F., with the point of inoculation and adjacent glands greatly swollen. The autopsy revealed generalized tuberculosis, involving the lungs, mediastinal gla
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, no transformation in the real character of the disease ever takes place. _Symptoms._--The disease appears in four to seven days after natural infection, or may evince itself in two
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n. It is not at all improbable that they may vary considerably from place to place. _Treatment._--Until recently this has been almost entirely surgical. When the tumors are external
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ary to bury them on the pasture, but it is better to remove them to places not frequented by susceptible animals and to a point where drainage from the graves can not infect any water
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eet the requirements for the development of the spores, which takes place only in the absence of the atmosphere, it is necessary that the wound be very small and deep enough to penetr
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silver dollar or even larger. It has the appearance of a corroded surface, under which the mucous membrane or muscular tissue seems transformed into a dry, friable, or firm cheesy mas
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shady and quiet places. If forced to move about, the hind legs are drawn forward with a peculiar, stiff, dragging movement, and the
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d in the order Acarina. Its life history is quite simple and easily traced from one generation to another. It is essentially a parasite, attaching itself to the skin (Pl. XLVIII) and
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to dissolve all the arsenic. In a 5-gallon kettle or metal[9] pail place the 4 pounds of caustic soda, add 1 gallon of cold water, and stir with a stick until the caustic soda is pra
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nty of clean and cool drinking water and allowed to rest in a quiet place. If the stable or pasture is infested with ticks, the animal should be placed in a tick-free inclosure to pre
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eed troughs, and the remains of straw stacks are favorable breeding places for the stable fly. Under the most favorable conditions about three weeks are required for development from
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loth. They should be distributed in a thin, even coating over the surface of the body, taking care that there is no excess quantity at any point. In spraying, any of the dips recomme
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when drinking from ponds. They may attach themselves to the inner surface of the mouth or nose, and sometimes reach the upper part of the windpipe or of the gullet. Bleeding at the mo
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he gall ducts, so that a so-called "Medusa's head" forms on the surface of the liver toward the stomach, appears in even well-nourished animals; even in cases of a cirrhosis of
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the indicated remedies. In such cases complete restoration may take place within one week. In mild outbreaks a large percentage of the animals will recover without treatment, but that
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261 Contused or lacerated wounds, description and treatment, 298 Contusion of lips, wounds, and snake bites of mouth
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ption and treatment, 70 stable, breeding places, 503 Fly preventives, injury to cattle by poisoning,
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reatment, 517 Manure, breeding place for flies, 511 _Margaropus annulatus_, Texas fever tick,
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ription and treatment, 513 _Pucinia arundinacea_, _P. coronata_, _P. graminis_, _P. straminis_, effect on cattle, 13
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mmation, causes and treatment, 223 lacerations and rupture, description and treatment, 219 polypus affecting, description and treat
diphtheria, description, symptoms, and treatment, 464-469
dropsy--
general, cause and treatment, 180
of abdomen, description and treatment, 180
monstrosities, descriptions, causes, and treatment, 182-184
muscles, rigid contraction, cause and treatment, 181
slinking, description, 165
swelling, caused by gas, treatment, 181
tumors affecting, description and treatment, 181
Calves--
congenital imperfections, kinds, 263
indigestion affecting, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 34
newborn, acute scouring, description, prevention and treatment, 261
pyemic and septicemic inflammation, symptoms and treatment, 251
young--
aphtha, or thrush, affecting, description and treatment, 233
constipation affecting, cause and treatment, 253
diseases affecting, chapter by James Law, 247-263
rickets affecting, description and treatment, 263
ulcers in mouth, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 464
Calving--
dropping and palsy following, description and treatment, 233
retarded by nervousness, 179
symptoms, 173
Canada, source of foot-and-mouth infection, 386
Cancer, description and treatment, 315
Capsule, eye, description, 342
Capsules, use in administering medicines, 8
Carbolic-acid poisoning, description and treatment, 60
Carbon dioxid, formation in preparing cattle dip, 489
Carbuncle, description, 458
Carcinoma, description and treatment, 315
Caries, teeth, description, 16
Carpus, fracture, description and treatment, 281
Cartilage, ear, necrosis affecting, 357
Caruncula lacrimalis of eye, description, 344
Casein concretions blocking teats, cause and treatment, 343
Casting the withers, cause and treatment, 215
Castration--
dangers and care, 299-301
of female, description of operation, 300
of male, description of operation, 299
Cataract, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 348
Catarrh--
description, symptoms, and treatment, 92, 93
gastrointestinal, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 32, 33
malignant, description, symptoms, and treatment, 469-472
nasal, description, symptoms, and treatment, 92
Catarrhal fever, infectious, description, symptoms,
and treatment, 469-472
Cats, ear ticks on, note, 518
Cattle--
animal parasites affecting, chapter by B. H. Ransom, 502-531
dip, preparation and use, 488-494
dose of vaccine against anthrax, 459
drenching, care of lungs, 522
farcy, description and treatment, 501
infected with anthrax, description, 458
infection with sarcoptic mange, 517
infectious diseases, chapter by John R. Mohler, 358-501
infestation with tapeworm, 523
injury by use of petroleum against ticks, 494
loss of blood by inoculations, limits of safety, 500
northern, immunization against Texas fever, manner, 498
parasitic diseases, prevention, 510
plague. _See_ Rinderpest.
protection from flies, formulas for mixtures, 502-503
rabies affecting, description, symptoms, etc, 402-406
southern, injury by ticks, 482
tick, _Margaropus annulatus_, as carrier of Texas fever, 480
ticks--
injurious effects of and losses caused by, 481-485
methods of ridding cattle of, 485-494
tumors affecting, chapter by John R. Mohler, 303-319
Cerebral apoplexy, description and treatment, 106
Cerebrospinal division, description, 101
Chapped teats, cause and treatment, 243
Charbon. _See_ Anthrax.
Chest, dropsy affecting, description and treatment, 99
Children, infection with foot-and-mouth disease, 394
China, foot-and-mouth disease, 386
Choking, symptoms and treatment, 20
Chorioptic mange, location and treatment, 517
Choroid coat of the eye, description, 342
Chrondroma tumor, description and treatment, 314
Chronic tympanites, cause and treatment, 25
Coal-oil poisoning, description and treatment, 59
_C[oe]nurus cerebralis_ (_Multiceps multiceps_) affecting brain,
treatment, 527
Coital exanthema, description, symptoms, and treatment, 401
Cold in the head, description, symptoms, and treatment, 92
Colic, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 31
Concussion of the brain, cause, symptoms, and treatment, 107
Congenital imperfections in calves, kinds, 263
Congestion--
and inflammation of testicles, description and treatment, 152
brain, description and treatment, 106
liver, description, symptoms, and treatment, 45
spinal cord, description, symptoms, and treatment, 110
bladder, description and treatment, 233
Conjunctivitis--
causes, symptoms, and treatment, 344
infectious catarrhal, symptoms, treatment and prevention, 345
Connecticut, foot-and-mouth disease, 388
Constipation--
cause and treatment, 36
young calves, cause and treatment, 253
Contagious--
abortion--
causes, 165-172
prevention and treatment, 170
diseases, disinfection of premises, 363
inflammation of the udder, description, prevention,
and treatment, 237
mammitis, description, prevention, and treatment, 237
pleuropneumonia--
cause, incubation, and symptoms, 369
definition and history, 366
post-mortem appearance, 373
prevention and treatment, 377
scouring, acute, in newborn calves, description, prevention, and
treatment, 261
Contused or lacerated wounds, description and treatment, 298
Contusion of lips, wounds, and snake bites of mouth, symptoms and
treatment, 14
Copper poisoning, description and treatment, 56
Cornea--
eye, description, 341
ulcers, cause, symptoms, and treatment, 347
Corneal dermatoma, description and treatment, 349
Corneitis, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 345
Cough, examination, 89
Cow, pregnant, hygiene, 160
Cowpox, description, symptoms, and treatment, 240, 438
Cows, milk, protection from flies, 503
Cramps of hind limbs during pregnancy, cause, 162
Cranium, fracture, description and treatment, 278
Creeps, description, symptoms, and treatment, 267
Cresol--
compound solution, composition and use, 366
use in foot-and-mouth disease, 393
Croupous enteritis, description, symptoms, and treatment, 35
Crude petroleum--
danger to cattle in use against ticks, 494
dip for destroying cattle ticks, 491
Cud, loss, description, 27
Cuts, barbed-wire, description and treatment, 297
Cyanosis, cause, 81, 253
Cysts--
dental, description and treatment, 318
dermoid--
and sebaceous, description and treatment, 330
description and treatment, 318
description, 308
extravasation, description, 317
mucous, description and treatment, 319
parasitic, description, 317
proliferation, description and treatment, 319
serous, description and treatment, 318
Dairy business, injury by foot-and-mouth disease, 384
Dandruff, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 329
Deformities, hoof, causes and treatment, 338
Dehorning, description, 292
Delaware, foot-and-mouth disease, 388
Demodectic mange, description and treatment, 517
Denmark, foot-and-mouth disease, 386
Dental cysts, description and treatment, 318
Dermis, description, 320
Dermoid cysts, description and treatment, 318, 330
Diabetes--
insipidus, cause and treatment, 118
mellitus, description, 123
Diarrhea--
and dysentery, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 34
calf, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 32
causes, symptoms, prevention, and treatment, 254-261
_See also_ Gastrointestinal catarrh.
Dickson, William, and William H. Lowe, chapter on
"Surgical operations", 289-302
Digestive organs, diseases affecting, chapter by A. J. Murray, 14-50
Dilatation and hypertrophy of heart, description, 82
Diphtheria, calf, description, cause, treatment, etc, 464-469
Dipping--
bath, cattle, temperature, 490
remedy for screw worms, 506
Dips--
arsenical, protection of hands in use, 493
cattle, for ticks, 494-498
mange and scab, 513, 514
Disinfection, house, methods, 363
Dislocation, eyeball, treatment, 353
Dislocations, bones, description and treatment, 282
Diuresis, causes and treatment, 118
Dogs, ear tick, 518
Drainage, usefulness in prevention of fluke diseases, 527
Drenching tube, use in eradicating worms, 522
Dropping, following calving, description and treatment, 233
Dropsy--
abdomen, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 47
abdomen of calf, description and treatment, 180
chest, description and treatment, 99
general, of calf, cause and treatment, 180
hind limbs and between thighs, during pregnancy, cause, 162
membranes of fetus, description and treatment 162
navel, description and treatment, 253
womb, description and treatment, 162
Dysentery--
and diarrhea, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 34
chronic bacterial, description, treatment, etc, 498
red, note, 531
_See also_ Gastrointestinal catarrh.
Dyspepsia, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 29
Ear tick, spinose, presence in cattle, horses, dogs, etc, 518
Ears--
abscess affecting, treatment, 355
cartilage, necrosis affecting, 357
diseases affecting, chapter by M. R. Trumbower, 355-357
enchondroma, description and treatment, 357
foreign bodies lodging in, symptoms and treatment, 356
frostbite, symptoms and treatment, 357
fungoid growths, cause and treatment, 356
internal inflammation, symptoms and treatment, 355
lacerations, cause and treatment, 357
scurvy, cause and treatment, 356
ticks affecting, treatment, 518
_Echinococcus granulosus_, hydatid, description, 528
Ectropion of the eyelid, description and treatment, 350
Eczema--
description, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 325
epizootic, reference, 383
Edema--
causes, symptoms, and treatment, 330
malignant, description, symptoms, and treatment, 472-474
Elephantiasis, description, 330
Emaciation, symptom of foot-and-mouth disease, 383
Emphysema, description and treatment, 98, 334
Enchondroma, ear, description and treatment, 357
Encysted stomach worm, description and treatment, 523
Endocarditis, description and treatment, 81
Enemata, uses and methods, 9
Enteritis--
causes, symptoms, post-mortem appearance, and treatment, 35
croupous, description, symptoms, and treatment, 35
simple. _See_ Gastroenteritis.
Entropion, eyelid, description and treatment, 350
Epidermis, description, 320
Epilepsy, description, cause, and treatment, 107
Epistaxis, cause and treatment, 93
Epizootic aphtha, reference, 383
Ergotism--
and mycotic stomatitis, differentiation, 536
description and treatment, 69
Eruption, vesicular, of genital organs, description,
symptoms, and treatment, 401
Erythema, description, causes, and treatment, 323
Eversion--
bladder, description and treatment, 218
eyelid, description and treatment, 350
womb, cause and treatment, 215
Extra-uterine gestation, description and treatment, 163
Extravasation cysts, description, 317
Eye--
and its appendages, diseases affecting,
chapter by M. R. Trumbower, 340-354
aqueous humor, description, 341
capsule, description, 342
caruncula, lacrimalis affecting, 344
choroid coat, description, 342
cornea--
description, 341
ulcers affecting, cause, symptoms, and treatment, 347
description, 340
foreign bodies penetrating, treatment, 351
lens, description, 342
muscles, description, 343
parasites affecting, treatment, 349, 531
puncta lacrimalia, description, 344
retina, description, 342
roundworms affecting, treatment, 524
sclerotic membrane, description, 341
vitreous humor, description, 342
Eyeball--
description, 340
dislocation, cause and treatment, 353
hairy tumor affecting, description and treatment, 349
Eyelashes, inversion, treatment, 350
Eyelids--
description, 343
ectropion affecting, description and treatment, 350
entropion, description and treatment, 350
eversion, description and treatment, 350
inversion, description and treatment, 350
laceration, cause and treatment, 351
tumors affecting, description and treatment, 350
Face bones, fracture, description and treatment, 277
Farcy, cattle, description and treatment, 501
_Fasciola hepatica_, description, 526
_Fasciola magna_, description, 526
Fatty degeneration, heart, description, 82
Feed, character, analyses, effect on milk, 256-258
Feeding--
character, effect on digestive organs, 12
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