SPECIAL REPORT ON DISEASES OF CATTLE
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underscores_. Subscripts are represented by an underscore and curly braces: _{2} (for example, SiO_{2}). Ligatures which cannot be reproduced in the Latin-1 character set are enclosed
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the digestive organs are very common among cattle, and may often be traced to defects in feeding. The first three stomachs of the larger ruminants hold the feed for a long time, durin
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lution in water, should be applied on the swollen gland and kept in place by means of a bandage. Whenever the poultice has cooled it should be replaced by a new one. This treatment sh
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LOW HORN; LOSS OF CUD; WOLF IN THE TAIL). It would appear quite in place here, in connection with the diseases of the stomach and bowels of cattle, to consider the three old fallacie
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at is characterized by the formation of a false membrane upon the surface of the lining membrane of the intestines, particularly the large ones. _Symptoms._--There is fever, depressi
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r of the abdominal organs protruding through it. This is what takes place when this method has a favorable result, though if the umbilicus does not become adherent and the skin slough
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on of purgatives which promote a watery discharge from the mucous surface of the bowels also tends, by diminishing the serum of the blood, to bring about absorption and a gradual remo
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f cattle sometimes comes from their having licked freshly painted surfaces and thus swallowed compounds containing white lead. In several instances cattle have been poisoned by silage
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a cornfield. WATER HEMLOCK (CICUTA). This plant, growing in wet places by ditches and along creeks, is the most poisonous of North American plants. The root is the poisonous part,
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given in an overdose, or when applied as a blister to too large a surface of skin enough may be absorbed to poison. If given by the mouth, it causes severe irritation of the gastroint
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ained, the feet are drawn somewhat together, the back is arched, the face has an anxious expression. If the disease is of several days' standing, there is likely to be soft swelling (
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expression of the eye; by the distress and suffering apparent in the face; and by other evidences. The general physical condition and attitude of the sick animal tell the careful obs
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is profuse and persistent, either a drench composed of 1-1/2 drams of acetate of lead dissolved in a pint of water or 1-1/2 drams of gallic acid dissolved in a pint of water should be
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ecedes the tail). The spinal cord gives off branches at each of the spaces between the segments of the backbone. These branches form nerve trunks which carry both sensory and motor im
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, to a greater or less extent, may be the result. Fracture, with displacement of the bones (vertebrÊ) which form the spinal column, by compressing the spinal cord, produces paralysis,
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uch (pelvis) situated in an excavation in the center of the lower surface. While the ox is the only domesticated quadruped which maintains this divided condition of the kidney after b
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. It has also been distinguished according to the changes that take place in the kidney, especially as seen after death, according to the quantity of albumin in the urine, and accordi
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tions of warm water; Spanish-fly blisters must be washed from the surface; a prolonged and too active exertion must be intermitted. The spasm may be relaxed by injecting one-half ounc
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luble form in combination as silicate of potash, but at times is displaced by oxalic or other acid and then appears as gritty, sandy particles in the stem. This gritty, insoluble sili
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scle (accelerator urinÊ) beneath the anus (Pl. IX, fig. 2) may take place in a rhythmical or pulsating manner. As a rule, however, no symptom is noticed for two days, only the animal
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well as increased predisposition to disease. When the heifers of the race have for generation after generation been bred under a year old, the demand for the nourishment of the fetus
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ss when handled; the wrinkles in the skin become shallower and are effaced, and the teats are materially enlarged. Beginning a few weeks after conception, this tends to a steady devel
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pery stalls in which the flooring boards are laid longitudinally in place of transversely, and on which there is no device to give a firm foothold, are almost equally dangerous. Drivi
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inclosure separate from the females and in having all services take place on neutral ground. Great care should be used in purchasing cattle, and cows not known to be free from the di
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he. If, therefore, it is possible to anticipate and prevent this displacement and compression of the navel string it should be done, but if this is no longer possible, then the extrac
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ference in direction we can easily select the two feet of one calf, place running nooses upon them just above the hoofs or fetlocks, and have an assistant drag upon the ropes while th
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t first, or if now, the lower jaw can be reached, a noose should be placed around it behind the incisor teeth and traction made upon this, so that the head may continue to be turned,
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ring the feet into the pelvis, lest they get inbent or otherwise displaced and add unnecessary complications. With a transverse direction of the calf, the head being turned to one si
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extracts the calf and gives it to an attendant to convey to a safe place. The womb may be drawn out, but not until all the liquid has flowed out, and the fetal membranes must be sepa
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f blood which accumulated in clots around the calf. Other causes are laceration of the cotyledons of the womb, or from an antecedent inflammation of the placenta, and the unnatural ad
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hich is attached to the firm fungus-shaped cotyledon on the inner surface of the womb, is seized by the little finger, and the other fingers and thumb are closed on it so as to tear i
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not of induration of the feces, as often shown by the semiliquid, pultaceous condition of the contents after death. The bladder, too, is paralyzed and fails to expel its contents. A f
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mass, causing permanent hardening (induration). In other cases, in place of the product of inflammation developing into a fibrous mass, it softens and breaks down into white, creamy,
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n the body of the cow, but in five or six hours after milking the surface layers are found to be one dense network of filaments. If a needle is dipped in this and lifted the liquid is
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black, soft, friable, and pultaceous. If the pus is white, creamy, and comparatively inoffensive in odor, the secondary formations in internal
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wo-thirds. If the stools smell particularly sour, the milk may be replaced by 1 ounce calcined magnesia, and in any case a tablespoonful or two of limewater must be given with each me
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cation, relation, and function of each one. In early fetal life the place of bone is supplied by temporary cartilage, which gradually changes to bone. For convenience of study, bones
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st one another from the muscular contraction which invariably takes place, hangs dependent from the body it swings in an awkward and unnatural manner, permitting the toe and foot to a
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e teeth, and feeding the animal on sloppy feed until recovery takes place. The wound should be dressed once or twice a day with a 3 per cent solution of carbolic acid, forced gently i
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and apply over the inner and fore part of the joint, covering the surface an inch and a half in every direction from the enlargement, or over an area 3 to 4 inches across. Fasten the
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st the horn in such position that the cut will be made in the right place and in the right direction. The handles should then be drawn together with a quick, firm, strong pull so that
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ding or while in the recumbent position. If standing, she should be placed against a wall or a partition and her head held by a strong assistant. The legs also must be secured to prev
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diagnosis the trained observer will note color, size, shape, and surface structure, transmission of light, movableness, consistence, resistance, pulsation, and crepitation. Percussio
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readily detachable from the subcutis of the skin. Their internal surfaces are often uneven or supplied with projections or tufted growths which support a fibrous network within the t
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the swelling may disappear in a few hours, or it may go away in one place and reappear on another part of the body. It is always accompanied with a great desire to rub the affected pa
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tment._--Remove all crusts by washing with soap and water, then apply acetic acid, sulphur ointment, tincture of iodin or nitrate of mercury ointment once a day. Cleanse the stable an
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ent. The choroid coat will be recognized as the black layer lying subjacent to the sclerotic. It does not line the cornea, but terminates behind the line of junction of that coat with
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darkened stable. For the most part the formation of cataract takes place slowly, the cases in which it originates very quickly being but few. _Treatment._--There is only one method
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it. This condition is chiefly caused by a faulty secretion of the sebaceous glands of the ear. Thoroughly clean the ear with a stiff brush, then anoint it, so far as affected, with v
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chlorid of lime, in the top of which a deep crater is made for the placement of from 1 to 2 pints of crude acid. The edge of the crater is thereupon pushed into the fluid, when a liv
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lobe is cut through at right angles to its long diameter, the cut surface presents a variety of interesting changes. In the first place the spaces between the small subdivisions of th
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lorid of mercury, 1 part to 2,000 of water. After the flooring is replaced the woodwork should be coated with limewash, containing one-fourth pound of chlorid of lime to the gallon of
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scovered in Massachusetts and Rhode Island. The earliest cases were traced to Chelsea, Mass., near the docks, and it was suspected for a time that the infection was brought in with fo
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it changes to a croupous membrane which peels off, leaving a raw surface, while the thin skin between the toes may also be inflamed. The previous history of the case; the failure of
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spring of the year, when the melting snows and rains bring to the surface the subterranean waters from rich soils containing nitrogenous materials in which the bacteria have been exis
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from rabies by the persistence of muscular cramps, especially of the face and abdomen, which cause these muscles to become set and as hard as wood. In tetanus there is also an absence
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t is composed of several kinds of tissue cells. Soon a change takes place within the tubercle. Disintegration begins, and a soft, cheesy substance is formed in the center, which may c
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been made months or years before. In 28 cases the injection took place from 19 days to 2 months before the butchering; in 3 of these cases earlier injections had been made. In 38
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he application of the ophthalmic test. The ophthalmic tuberculin is placed in one eye and the other eye is used as a check. A reaction is indicated by a characteristic discharge from
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h, had a temperature of 104∞ F., with the point of inoculation and adjacent glands greatly swollen. The autopsy revealed generalized tuberculosis, involving the lungs, mediastinal gla
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, no transformation in the real character of the disease ever takes place. _Symptoms._--The disease appears in four to seven days after natural infection, or may evince itself in two
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n. It is not at all improbable that they may vary considerably from place to place. _Treatment._--Until recently this has been almost entirely surgical. When the tumors are external
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ary to bury them on the pasture, but it is better to remove them to places not frequented by susceptible animals and to a point where drainage from the graves can not infect any water
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eet the requirements for the development of the spores, which takes place only in the absence of the atmosphere, it is necessary that the wound be very small and deep enough to penetr
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silver dollar or even larger. It has the appearance of a corroded surface, under which the mucous membrane or muscular tissue seems transformed into a dry, friable, or firm cheesy mas
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shady and quiet places. If forced to move about, the hind legs are drawn forward with a peculiar, stiff, dragging movement, and the
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d in the order Acarina. Its life history is quite simple and easily traced from one generation to another. It is essentially a parasite, attaching itself to the skin (Pl. XLVIII) and
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to dissolve all the arsenic. In a 5-gallon kettle or metal[9] pail place the 4 pounds of caustic soda, add 1 gallon of cold water, and stir with a stick until the caustic soda is pra
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nty of clean and cool drinking water and allowed to rest in a quiet place. If the stable or pasture is infested with ticks, the animal should be placed in a tick-free inclosure to pre
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eed troughs, and the remains of straw stacks are favorable breeding places for the stable fly. Under the most favorable conditions about three weeks are required for development from
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loth. They should be distributed in a thin, even coating over the surface of the body, taking care that there is no excess quantity at any point. In spraying, any of the dips recomme
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when drinking from ponds. They may attach themselves to the inner surface of the mouth or nose, and sometimes reach the upper part of the windpipe or of the gullet. Bleeding at the mo
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he gall ducts, so that a so-called "Medusa's head" forms on the surface of the liver toward the stomach, appears in even well-nourished animals; even in cases of a cirrhosis of
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the indicated remedies. In such cases complete restoration may take place within one week. In mild outbreaks a large percentage of the animals will recover without treatment, but that
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261 Contused or lacerated wounds, description and treatment, 298 Contusion of lips, wounds, and snake bites of mouth
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ption and treatment, 70 stable, breeding places, 503 Fly preventives, injury to cattle by poisoning,
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reatment, 517 Manure, breeding place for flies, 511 _Margaropus annulatus_, Texas fever tick,
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ription and treatment, 513 _Pucinia arundinacea_, _P. coronata_, _P. graminis_, _P. straminis_, effect on cattle, 13
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mmation, causes and treatment, 223 lacerations and rupture, description and treatment, 219 polypus affecting, description and treat
period of incubation of ticks, 486
prevention, 487
quarantine regulations, 495
symptoms and pathological changes after death, 478-480
tick eradication, plan of work, 487
Threadworms in abdominal cavity of cattle, 529
Throat, sore, symptoms, causes, and treatment, 17
Thrombosis, description and symptoms, 85
Thrush--
calf, description and treatment, 263
parasite (_Saccharomyces albicans_), cause, 263
Ticks--
cattle, time required to kill, 488
ear, 518
injury to cattle hides, 484
parasites of cattle, note, 502
_See also_ Cattle tick; Texas fever.
_Tilletia caries_ in wheat, effect on cattle, 13
_Tinea favosa_, description, symptoms, and treatment, 332
_Tinea tonsurans_, description, symptoms, and treatment, 332
Tracheotomy, description, 294
Traumatic inflammation of the stomach, cause,
symptoms, and treatment, 34
Trichiasis, treatment, 350
_Trichodectes scalaris_ (red louse), description and treatment, 513
_Trichophyton tonsurans_, fungus causing _Tinea tonsurans_, 332
Trumbower, M. R.--
chapter on "Diseases of the ear", 353-357
chapter on "Diseases of the eye and its appendages", 340-354
chapter on "Diseases of the foot", 335-339
chapter on "Diseases of the skin", 320-334
_Trypanosoma brucei_, cause of nagana, or tsetse-fly disease, 500
Tsetse-fly disease, description, symptoms, and treatment, 500
Tuberculin test--
description and history, 417
harmless to healthy animals, 426
summary of directions for making, 427
_Tuberculosis_--
bovine, and public health, 430
cause and nature of disease, 411
occurrence, 407
statistics of tests in United States, 410
symptoms and diagnosis, 416-417
transmissibility of human and bovine, 432
treatment, 428
Tumor--
bony, description and treatment, 314
chrondroma, description and treatment, 314
fibroma, description and treatment, 311
hairy, on eyeball, description and treatment, 349
lipoma, description and treatment, 314
sarcoma, description and treatment, 315
Tumors--
brain, description, 112
calf, description and treatment, 181
cattle, chapter by John R. Mohler, 303-319
definition and description, 303
description, 303, 305, 307
description of kinds, 309
diagnosis, 308
eyelid, description and treatment, 350
general treatment, 309
kidney, description, 128
malignant and benign, description, 306
orbit, cause and treatment, 353
pharynx, description and treatment, 19
Twisted stomach worms, description and treatment, 519-523
Twisting--
and knotting of the bowels, causes, symptoms,
post-mortem appearance, and treatment, 35
of the neck of the womb, description and treatment, 176
Tympanites--
acute, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 22
chronic, causes and treatment, 25
Udder--
congestion, description and treatment, 233
contagious inflammation affecting, description,
prevention, and treatment, 237
inflammation, description, symptoms, and treatment, 234
Ulceration, heel, causes and treatment, 337
Ulcerative stomatitis. _See_ Necrotic stomatitis.
Ulcers--
calves. _See_ Necrotic stomatitis.
cornea, cause, symptoms, and treatment, 347
penis, cause and treatment, 157
Umbilical hernia--
description, causes, and treatment, 39
symptoms and treatment, 252
Umbilical phlebitis, description, causes, and treatment, 249
Urachus--
inflammation, causes and treatment, 248
persistent, description and treatment, 248
Ureteral calculi, description and treatment, 139
Urethra, inflammation affecting, description and treatment, 156
Urethral calculus, symptoms and treatment, 142
Urinary calculi--
classification, 138
description and causes, 130, 137
effect of different feeds, 133
Urinary disorders, symptoms, 118
Urinary organs--
diseases, chapter by James Law, 113-146
functions, 113
Urine--
albumin in, description and treatment, 121
amount passed daily, 115
analyses under different rations, 114
bloody, caused by blood flukes, 526
bloody, description, symptoms, and treatment, 119
cow, analysis, 114
discharged through navel, description and treatment, 248
excessive secretion, cause and treatment, 118
incontinence, cause and treatment, 130
ox, analysis, 115
retention, effect, cause, and treatment, 128
sugar in, description, 123
Urticaria, description, causes and treatment, 124
Uruguay, foot-and-mouth disease, 386
Uterus--
hernia affecting, cause and treatment, 162
polypus affecting, description and treatment, 157
Vaccination, disadvantages in use against anthrax, 457
Vaccine--
anthrax, care and use, 457
blackleg, free distribution, note, 463
preparation and use against hemorrhagic septicemia, 395
Vagina--
clots of blood on walls, description and treatment, 220
inflammation, causes and treatment, 223
lacerations and rupture, description and treatment, 219
polypus affecting, description and treatment, 157
_VaginÊ prolapsus_, description and treatment, 162
Vaginal walls, affected with coagulated blood after calving,
treatment, 179
Vaginitis, causes and treatment, 223
Valves, heart, diseases affecting, symptoms and treatment, 80
Variola, description, symptoms, and treatment, 438
Vegetable--
acids, poisonous, description and treatment, 58
poisons--
note, 61
uses as medicine, description, symptoms, and treatment, 61-69
Veins--
inflammation, description and treatment, 86
wounds, description and treatment, 83
Venereal desire, diminution or loss, cause,
prevention, and treatment, 149
Venereal excess, cause and treatment, 148
Venomous stings. _See_ Snake bites.
Ventral hernia, description and causes, 37
Verminous bronchitis--
description, symptoms, and prevention, 100
_parasites_ causing, 100
Vermont, foot-and-mouth disease, 387
Verruca, description, cause, and treatment, 331
Vertebra, fracture, description, and treatment, 279
Vesical calculus, symptoms and treatment, 142
Vesicular eruption of genital organs, description,
symptoms, and treatment, 401
Vesicular exanthema, symptoms and treatment, 401
Veterinarians, views on foot-and-mouth disease in man, 395
Virginia, foot-and-mouth disease, 388
Vitreous humor of the eye, description, 342
Vomiting, symptoms, cause, and treatment, 27
Wall, hoof, fissure, description and treatment, 338
Warble fly--
damages, estimate, 510
European species, appearance in United States, 510
Warbles--
description and treatment, 507
penetration of skins of cattle, 508
reference, 333
Warts--
description, causes, and treatment, 312, 331
penis, treatment, 156
teats, treatment, 243
Washington, foot-and-mouth disease, 388
Wasp stings, description and treatment, 71
Water--
blisters, symptoms and treatment, 328
cold, drinking, a cause of indigestion, symptoms and treatment, 33
head of calf, description and treatment, 179
Weather, relation to occurrence of mycotic stomatitis, 392
Wens, description and treatment, 330
West Virginia, foot-and-mouth disease, 388
Wisconsin, foot-and-mouth disease, 388
Withers, casting, cause and treatment, 215
Wolf in the tail, imaginary disease, 27
Womb--
bleeding from, description, symptoms, and treatment, 214
dropsy, description and treatment, 162
eversion, cause and treatment, 215
fetus developing outside, description and treatment, 163
inflammation, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 224
mouth, induration, description and treatment, 176
rupture, cause and treatment, 219
twisting of neck, description and treatment, 176
Wooden tongue. _See_ Actinomycosis.
Wood-ill, description, symptoms, and treatment, 119
Worm--
encysted stomach, description and treatment, 523
eye, description and treatment, 349
Worms--
bladder, description, 528
lung, of cattle, description and treatment, 530
screw, description and remedies, 506
thread, in abdominal cavity of cattle, 529
twisted stomach, description and treatment, 519-520
Wounds--
abdomen, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 43
arteries and veins, description and treatment, 83
contused and lacerated, description and treatment, 298
contusions of the lips and snake bites of mouth,
description and treatment, 14
danger of infection from foot-and-mouth disease, 394
drainage, necessity, 298
gullet, description and treatment, 22
healing, treatment and dressing, description, 298
hoof, treatment, 338
incised--
description and treatment, 295
punctured, and lacerated, description and treatment, 295-299
mouth, snake bites and contusions of lips, treatment, 14
penis, cause and treatment, 156
skin, kinds, description, and treatment, 333-334
treatment, summary of care after dressing, 298
Yellows, description, symptoms, and treatment, 44
Zinc poisoning, description and treatment, 57
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