SPECIAL REPORT ON DISEASES OF CATTLE TEXT

United States Bureau of Animal Industry · 1908 · 1.5 MB PUBLIC-DOMAIN BOOK BOOK DETAILS DOWNLOAD

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Page 1 6 matches underscores_. Subscripts are represented by an underscore and curly braces: _{2} (for example, SiO_{2}). Ligatures which cannot be reproduced in the Latin-1 character set are enclosed Page 2 13 matches the digestive organs are very common among cattle, and may often be traced to defects in feeding. The first three stomachs of the larger ruminants hold the feed for a long time, durin Page 3 13 matches lution in water, should be applied on the swollen gland and kept in place by means of a bandage. Whenever the poultice has cooled it should be replaced by a new one. This treatment sh Page 4 6 matches LOW HORN; LOSS OF CUD; WOLF IN THE TAIL). It would appear quite in place here, in connection with the diseases of the stomach and bowels of cattle, to consider the three old fallacie Page 5 18 matches at is characterized by the formation of a false membrane upon the surface of the lining membrane of the intestines, particularly the large ones. _Symptoms._--There is fever, depressi Page 6 9 matches r of the abdominal organs protruding through it. This is what takes place when this method has a favorable result, though if the umbilicus does not become adherent and the skin slough Page 7 8 matches on of purgatives which promote a watery discharge from the mucous surface of the bowels also tends, by diminishing the serum of the blood, to bring about absorption and a gradual remo Page 8 11 matches f cattle sometimes comes from their having licked freshly painted surfaces and thus swallowed compounds containing white lead. In several instances cattle have been poisoned by silage Page 9 1 match a cornfield. WATER HEMLOCK (CICUTA). This plant, growing in wet places by ditches and along creeks, is the most poisonous of North American plants. The root is the poisonous part, Page 10 10 matches given in an overdose, or when applied as a blister to too large a surface of skin enough may be absorbed to poison. If given by the mouth, it causes severe irritation of the gastroint Page 11 15 matches ained, the feet are drawn somewhat together, the back is arched, the face has an anxious expression. If the disease is of several days' standing, there is likely to be soft swelling ( Page 12 7 matches expression of the eye; by the distress and suffering apparent in the face; and by other evidences. The general physical condition and attitude of the sick animal tell the careful obs Page 13 12 matches is profuse and persistent, either a drench composed of 1-1/2 drams of acetate of lead dissolved in a pint of water or 1-1/2 drams of gallic acid dissolved in a pint of water should be Page 14 10 matches ecedes the tail). The spinal cord gives off branches at each of the spaces between the segments of the backbone. These branches form nerve trunks which carry both sensory and motor im Page 15 5 matches , to a greater or less extent, may be the result. Fracture, with displacement of the bones (vertebrÊ) which form the spinal column, by compressing the spinal cord, produces paralysis, Page 16 7 matches uch (pelvis) situated in an excavation in the center of the lower surface. While the ox is the only domesticated quadruped which maintains this divided condition of the kidney after b Page 17 6 matches . It has also been distinguished according to the changes that take place in the kidney, especially as seen after death, according to the quantity of albumin in the urine, and accordi Page 18 3 matches tions of warm water; Spanish-fly blisters must be washed from the surface; a prolonged and too active exertion must be intermitted. The spasm may be relaxed by injecting one-half ounc Page 19 14 matches luble form in combination as silicate of potash, but at times is displaced by oxalic or other acid and then appears as gritty, sandy particles in the stem. This gritty, insoluble sili Page 20 4 matches scle (accelerator urinÊ) beneath the anus (Pl. IX, fig. 2) may take place in a rhythmical or pulsating manner. As a rule, however, no symptom is noticed for two days, only the animal Page 21 16 matches well as increased predisposition to disease. When the heifers of the race have for generation after generation been bred under a year old, the demand for the nourishment of the fetus Page 22 10 matches ss when handled; the wrinkles in the skin become shallower and are effaced, and the teats are materially enlarged. Beginning a few weeks after conception, this tends to a steady devel Page 23 5 matches pery stalls in which the flooring boards are laid longitudinally in place of transversely, and on which there is no device to give a firm foothold, are almost equally dangerous. Drivi Page 24 17 matches inclosure separate from the females and in having all services take place on neutral ground. Great care should be used in purchasing cattle, and cows not known to be free from the di Page 25 11 matches he. If, therefore, it is possible to anticipate and prevent this displacement and compression of the navel string it should be done, but if this is no longer possible, then the extrac Page 26 11 matches ference in direction we can easily select the two feet of one calf, place running nooses upon them just above the hoofs or fetlocks, and have an assistant drag upon the ropes while th Page 27 10 matches t first, or if now, the lower jaw can be reached, a noose should be placed around it behind the incisor teeth and traction made upon this, so that the head may continue to be turned, Page 28 12 matches ring the feet into the pelvis, lest they get inbent or otherwise displaced and add unnecessary complications. With a transverse direction of the calf, the head being turned to one si Page 29 15 matches extracts the calf and gives it to an attendant to convey to a safe place. The womb may be drawn out, but not until all the liquid has flowed out, and the fetal membranes must be sepa Page 30 21 matches f blood which accumulated in clots around the calf. Other causes are laceration of the cotyledons of the womb, or from an antecedent inflammation of the placenta, and the unnatural ad Page 31 9 matches hich is attached to the firm fungus-shaped cotyledon on the inner surface of the womb, is seized by the little finger, and the other fingers and thumb are closed on it so as to tear i Page 32 5 matches not of induration of the feces, as often shown by the semiliquid, pultaceous condition of the contents after death. The bladder, too, is paralyzed and fails to expel its contents. A f Page 33 11 matches mass, causing permanent hardening (induration). In other cases, in place of the product of inflammation developing into a fibrous mass, it softens and breaks down into white, creamy, Page 34 8 matches n the body of the cow, but in five or six hours after milking the surface layers are found to be one dense network of filaments. If a needle is dipped in this and lifted the liquid is Page 35 8 matches black, soft, friable, and pultaceous. If the pus is white, creamy, and comparatively inoffensive in odor, the secondary formations in internal Page 36 7 matches wo-thirds. If the stools smell particularly sour, the milk may be replaced by 1 ounce calcined magnesia, and in any case a tablespoonful or two of limewater must be given with each me Page 37 9 matches cation, relation, and function of each one. In early fetal life the place of bone is supplied by temporary cartilage, which gradually changes to bone. For convenience of study, bones Page 38 19 matches st one another from the muscular contraction which invariably takes place, hangs dependent from the body it swings in an awkward and unnatural manner, permitting the toe and foot to a Page 39 23 matches e teeth, and feeding the animal on sloppy feed until recovery takes place. The wound should be dressed once or twice a day with a 3 per cent solution of carbolic acid, forced gently i Page 40 11 matches and apply over the inner and fore part of the joint, covering the surface an inch and a half in every direction from the enlargement, or over an area 3 to 4 inches across. Fasten the Page 41 18 matches st the horn in such position that the cut will be made in the right place and in the right direction. The handles should then be drawn together with a quick, firm, strong pull so that Page 42 7 matches ding or while in the recumbent position. If standing, she should be placed against a wall or a partition and her head held by a strong assistant. The legs also must be secured to prev Page 43 19 matches diagnosis the trained observer will note color, size, shape, and surface structure, transmission of light, movableness, consistence, resistance, pulsation, and crepitation. Percussio Page 44 22 matches readily detachable from the subcutis of the skin. Their internal surfaces are often uneven or supplied with projections or tufted growths which support a fibrous network within the t Page 45 24 matches the swelling may disappear in a few hours, or it may go away in one place and reappear on another part of the body. It is always accompanied with a great desire to rub the affected pa Page 46 12 matches tment._--Remove all crusts by washing with soap and water, then apply acetic acid, sulphur ointment, tincture of iodin or nitrate of mercury ointment once a day. Cleanse the stable an Page 47 28 matches ent. The choroid coat will be recognized as the black layer lying subjacent to the sclerotic. It does not line the cornea, but terminates behind the line of junction of that coat with Page 48 20 matches darkened stable. For the most part the formation of cataract takes place slowly, the cases in which it originates very quickly being but few. _Treatment._--There is only one method Page 49 14 matches it. This condition is chiefly caused by a faulty secretion of the sebaceous glands of the ear. Thoroughly clean the ear with a stiff brush, then anoint it, so far as affected, with v Page 50 21 matches chlorid of lime, in the top of which a deep crater is made for the placement of from 1 to 2 pints of crude acid. The edge of the crater is thereupon pushed into the fluid, when a liv Page 51 17 matches lobe is cut through at right angles to its long diameter, the cut surface presents a variety of interesting changes. In the first place the spaces between the small subdivisions of th Page 52 2 matches lorid of mercury, 1 part to 2,000 of water. After the flooring is replaced the woodwork should be coated with limewash, containing one-fourth pound of chlorid of lime to the gallon of Page 53 7 matches scovered in Massachusetts and Rhode Island. The earliest cases were traced to Chelsea, Mass., near the docks, and it was suspected for a time that the infection was brought in with fo Page 54 3 matches it changes to a croupous membrane which peels off, leaving a raw surface, while the thin skin between the toes may also be inflamed. The previous history of the case; the failure of Page 55 13 matches spring of the year, when the melting snows and rains bring to the surface the subterranean waters from rich soils containing nitrogenous materials in which the bacteria have been exis Page 56 3 matches from rabies by the persistence of muscular cramps, especially of the face and abdomen, which cause these muscles to become set and as hard as wood. In tetanus there is also an absence Page 57 8 matches t is composed of several kinds of tissue cells. Soon a change takes place within the tubercle. Disintegration begins, and a soft, cheesy substance is formed in the center, which may c Page 58 3 matches been made months or years before. In 28 cases the injection took place from 19 days to 2 months before the butchering; in 3 of these cases earlier injections had been made. In 38 Page 59 3 matches he application of the ophthalmic test. The ophthalmic tuberculin is placed in one eye and the other eye is used as a check. A reaction is indicated by a characteristic discharge from Page 60 3 matches h, had a temperature of 104∞ F., with the point of inoculation and adjacent glands greatly swollen. The autopsy revealed generalized tuberculosis, involving the lungs, mediastinal gla Page 61 11 matches , no transformation in the real character of the disease ever takes place. _Symptoms._--The disease appears in four to seven days after natural infection, or may evince itself in two Page 62 16 matches n. It is not at all improbable that they may vary considerably from place to place. _Treatment._--Until recently this has been almost entirely surgical. When the tumors are external Page 63 5 matches ary to bury them on the pasture, but it is better to remove them to places not frequented by susceptible animals and to a point where drainage from the graves can not infect any water Page 64 7 matches eet the requirements for the development of the spores, which takes place only in the absence of the atmosphere, it is necessary that the wound be very small and deep enough to penetr Page 65 8 matches silver dollar or even larger. It has the appearance of a corroded surface, under which the mucous membrane or muscular tissue seems transformed into a dry, friable, or firm cheesy mas Page 66 6 matches shady and quiet places. If forced to move about, the hind legs are drawn forward with a peculiar, stiff, dragging movement, and the Page 67 13 matches d in the order Acarina. Its life history is quite simple and easily traced from one generation to another. It is essentially a parasite, attaching itself to the skin (Pl. XLVIII) and Page 68 10 matches to dissolve all the arsenic. In a 5-gallon kettle or metal[9] pail place the 4 pounds of caustic soda, add 1 gallon of cold water, and stir with a stick until the caustic soda is pra Page 69 7 matches nty of clean and cool drinking water and allowed to rest in a quiet place. If the stable or pasture is infested with ticks, the animal should be placed in a tick-free inclosure to pre Page 70 5 matches eed troughs, and the remains of straw stacks are favorable breeding places for the stable fly. Under the most favorable conditions about three weeks are required for development from Page 71 6 matches loth. They should be distributed in a thin, even coating over the surface of the body, taking care that there is no excess quantity at any point. In spraying, any of the dips recomme Page 72 3 matches when drinking from ponds. They may attach themselves to the inner surface of the mouth or nose, and sometimes reach the upper part of the windpipe or of the gullet. Bleeding at the mo Page 73 9 matches he gall ducts, so that a so-called "Medusa's head" forms on the surface of the liver toward the stomach, appears in even well-nourished animals; even in cases of a cirrhosis of Page 74 5 matches the indicated remedies. In such cases complete restoration may take place within one week. In mild outbreaks a large percentage of the animals will recover without treatment, but that Page 75 5 matches 261 Contused or lacerated wounds, description and treatment, 298 Contusion of lips, wounds, and snake bites of mouth Page 76 6 matches ption and treatment, 70 stable, breeding places, 503 Fly preventives, injury to cattle by poisoning, Page 77 2 matches reatment, 517 Manure, breeding place for flies, 511 _Margaropus annulatus_, Texas fever tick, Page 78 5 matches ription and treatment, 513 _Pucinia arundinacea_, _P. coronata_, _P. graminis_, _P. straminis_, effect on cattle, 13 Page 79 3 matches mmation, causes and treatment, 223 lacerations and rupture, description and treatment, 219 polypus affecting, description and treat

value as remedy for stomach worms, 521-523 "Feeding-lot" method of freeing cattle and pastures from ticks, 494-497 Fetlock-- fracture below, treatment, 282 sprain, causes and treatment, 269 Fetus-- developing outside womb, description and treatment, 163 membranes, dropsy affecting, description and treatment, 162 prolonged retention, description and treatment, 164 Fever-- milk, description, symptoms, and treatment, 226-237 parturition, description, symptoms, and treatment, 226 southern, splenetic, or Texas. _See_ Texas fever. Fibroma-- interdigital, description and treatment, 338 tumor, description and treatment, 311 Fibrous periostitis, description and treatment, 266 _Filaria cervina_, worm found in the eye, 349 _Filaria lablato-papillosa_, parasitic roundworm of cattle, 524 _Filaria oculi_, description and treatment, 349 Fissure of the wall of hoof, description and treatment, 338 Fistula, milk, description and treatment, 245 Flies-- injurious to cattle, 502-506 larval, note, 502 Flooding from womb, description and treatment, 214 Fluke disease, control by use of lime, 526 Flukes, prevention by drainage, 526 Fly-- Spanish, poison, description and treatment, 70 stable, breeding places, 503 Fly preventives, injury to cattle by poisoning, 503 Flytrap, use against stable flies, 503 Fluke, disease of cattle, 526 Flukes, liver and lungs, description, 526 Foods, character, effect on digestive organs, 12 Foot-- diseases affecting, chapter by M. R. Trumbower, 335-339 foul, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 336 soreness, description and treatment, 335 Foot rot, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 336 Foot-and-mouth disease-- benign, simple, or noninfectious, 535 danger to man, 394-395 description, cause, symptoms, etc., 383-395 diagnosis, 391-392 eradication by slaughter, efficacy, 394 incubation period, 384 losses other than by death of animal, 384 mortality, 384, 391 occurrence in various countries of world, 385-386 prevention and eradication, 392-394 similarity to mycotic stomatitis, 536 symptoms, 383, 389-391 symptoms in man, 394 United States, outbreaks, 386-389 Forage, insects on, description of poisonous effect, 70 Formaldehyde gas, liberation by use of permanganate, 365 Foul in foot, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 336 Founder, description, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 335 Fractures-- below hock and fetlock, description and treatment, 282 compound, comminuted, and complicated, 271 description of different kinds, and treatment, 271-282 face bones, description and treatment, 277 general symptoms and treatment, 272, 273 hip point, causes and treatment, 280 horns, description and treatment, 277 limbs, description and appliances for treatment, 281-2 lower jaw, cause and treatment, 278 metacarpus and metatarsus, description and treatment, 282 pelvis, description and treatment, 178, 279 ribs, cause and treatment, 281 special, descriptions and treatment, 277 spinal column, description and treatment, 279 vertebra, description and treatment, 279 France, foot-and-mouth disease, 385 Froesch, note on destruction of foot-and-mouth infection, 395 Frostbites-- ears, symptoms and treatment, 357 treatment, 334 Fungi, poisonous, description of poisoning, 70 Fungoid growth of the ear, cause and treatment, 356 Fungus hematodes-- cause and treatment, 353 description, 316 Furunculus, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 328 Ganglionic division of the nervous system, 103 Gangrene, danger in castration of cattle, 300 Gangrenous septicemia, symptoms and treatment, 472 Garget, description and treatment, 233 Gas-- cause of swelling in calf, treatment, 181 under the skin, symptoms and treatment, 334 Gastroenteritis, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 33 Gastrointestinal catarrh, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 29, 32 Generative organs-- diseases, chapter by James Law, 147-214 discussion, 147 Genital organs, vesicular eruption affecting, description, symptoms, and treatment, 401 Germany, foot-and-mouth disease, 385-386 Gestation, extra-uterine, description and treatment, 163 Gid, parasite of sheep and cattle, 528 Glands, skin, location and use, 321 Gnats, buffalo, description and remedy, 505 Goiter, cause, description, symptoms, and treatment, 310 Gonorrhea, description and treatment, 156 Gravel-- description and cause, 130 effect of different feeds, 132 in prepuce or sheath, treatment, 144 Great Britain, foot-and-mouth disease, 386 Grubs, cattle, description, 507 Gullet-- diseases affecting, description, symptoms, and treatment, 17-22 wounds and injuries, cause and treatment, 22 Gut tie, description, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 41 _HÊmatopinus eurysternus_ and _H. vituli_, description and treatment, 508 _HÊmonchus contortus_, description and treatment, 519 Hair balls, cause, 29 Hair, description, 320 Harbaugh, W. H.-- chapter on "Diseases of the heart, blood vessels, and lymphatics", 73-86 chapter on "Diseases of the nervous system", 101-112 Haw, inflammation and enlargement, description and treatment, 354 Health, public, relation of actinomycosis, 447 Heart-- blood vessels and lymphatics, chapter by W. H. Harbaugh, 73-86 description, 73 dilation and hypertrophy, description, 82 examination of, 77 fatty degeneration, description, 82 injury by foreign bodies, description, symptoms, and treatment, 78 misplacement, description, 83 palpitation, description, 78 rupture, description, 82 valves, diseases affecting, symptoms and treatment, 82 Heat prostration, symptoms and treatment, 108 Heaves, description and treatment, 98 Heel, ulcerations, causes and treatment, 337 Hemaglobinuria or hematuria, description, symptoms, and treatment, 119 Hematodes, fungus, description, 316 Hemoptysis, description and treatment, 99 Hemorrhage-- danger in castration of cattle, 300 treatment, 83 Hemorrhagic septicemia, causes, symptoms, etc, 397-401 Hepatitis, symptoms and treatment, 45 Hernia-- bowel, description and treatment, 38 danger in castration of cattle, 300 peritoneal, description, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 41 rennet, description and treatment, 38 rumen, description and cause, 37 stomach, description and treatment, 38 umbilical, description, causes, and treatment, 41, 252 uterus, cause and treatment, 162 ventral, description and causes, 37 Hides, injury by cattle ticks, 484 Hip point, fracture, causes and treatment, 280 Hip sprain, cause and treatment, 270 Hock-- fracture below, description and treatment, 282 fracture, treatment, 281 Hollow horn, imaginary disease, 27 Hoof-- deformities, causes and treatment, 338 loss, causes and treatment, 336 split, description and treatment, 338 wall, fissure affecting, description and treatment, 338 wounds and pricks, treatment, 338 Horns, fracture, description and treatment, 277 Horses-- dose of vaccine against anthrax, 457 ear tick, note, 518 Hoven, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 22 Hydatids-- and flukes affecting the lungs of animals, 526 description and treatment, 526 Hydrocephalus, description and treatment, 179 Hydrophobia. _See_ Rabies. Hydrothorax, description and treatment, 99 Hygiene, pregnant cow, 160 Hygromata, description and treatment, 317 Hyperplasia, reference, 303 Hypertrophy-- description, 128 heart, with dilation, description, 82 _Hypoderma bovis_, new warble fly, 507 _Hypoderma lineata_, warble fly, description, 507 Illinois, foot-and-mouth disease, 388 Immunization, northern cattle against Texas fever, manner, 500 Impetigo, description, causes, and treatment, 327 Incised wounds, description and treatment, 295 Incontinence, urine, cause and treatment, 130 Incubation period of infectious diseases, 362 Indiana, foot-and-mouth disease, 388 Indigestion-- calves, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 32, 253 causes, symptoms, and treatment, 26, 29, 31 Induration-- tongue. _See_ Actinomycosis. womb mouth, description and treatment, 176 Infectious aphtha. _See_ Foot-and-mouth disease. Infectious catarrhal conjunctivitis, symptoms, treatment, and prevention, 345 Infectious catarrhal fever, description, symptoms, and treatment, 469-472 Infectious diseases-- cattle, chapter by John R. Mohler, 358-511 classification of symptoms and lesions, 359 general discussion, 358 incubation periods, 362 treatment, discussion, 362 Infectious ophthalmia, or infectious catarrhal conjunctivitis, 345 Inflammation-- brain and its membranes, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 103 contagious, of the udder, description, prevention, and treatment, 237 ear, symptoms and treatment, 355 haw, description and treatment, 354 kidneys, description, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 123 liver, symptoms and treatment, 45 mucous membrane of mouth, symptoms and treatment, 17 navel veins, description, symptoms, and treatment, 249 parotid gland, symptoms and treatment, 18 pyemic and septicemic, of joints of calves, symptoms and treatment, 251 sheath and penis from bruising, prevention and treatment, 155 sheath, causes and treatment, 153 spleen, description, 45 testicles, description and treatment, 152 traumatic, of the stomach, cause, symptoms, and treatment, 34 udder, description, symptoms, and treatment, 234 urachus, causes and treatment, 248 urethra, description and treatment, 156 vagina, causes and treatment, 223 veins, description and treatment, 86 womb, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 224 Inflammatory diseases, skin, description, symptoms, and treatment, 320-334 Inhalation of medicines, manner, 10 Inoculation, use against hemorrhagic septicemia, 401 Intercostal muscles, rheumatism affecting, description and treatment, 100 Interdigital fibroma, description and treatment, 338 Intestinal parasites, description and treatment, 523 Intestines, roundworms affecting, kind and treatment, 532 Intussusception, causes, symptoms, post-mortem appearance, and treatment, 35 Invagination, cause of obstruction of bowels, symptoms, and treatment, 35 Inversion-- eyelashes, treatment, 350 eyelid, description and treatment, 350 Iodin, tincture, use in punctured wounds, 297 Iowa, foot-and-mouth disease, 388 Iris, description, 341 Italy, foot-and-mouth disease, 385 Itch, scab, mites, and mange, description and treatment, 513 Itching, cause and treatment, 322 Japan, foot-and-mouth disease, 386 Jaundice, description, symptoms and treatment, 44 Jaw-- big, lump, or lumpy, _See_ Actinomycosis. lower, fracture, cause and treatment, 278 poverty, caused by twisted wireworms, 520 Jawbones, actinomycosis affecting, description and treatment, 440-449 Jensen, formula for protection of cattle from flies, 503 Joint-ill, description, symptoms, and treatment, 251 Kansas, foot-and-mouth disease, 388 Kelis, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 331 Kentucky, foot-and-mouth disease, 388 Keratitis, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 345 Kidney-- ox, description, 117 parasites affecting, discussion, 127 stone in, description and treatment, 139 Kidneys-- inflammation, description, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 123 tumors affecting, description, 128 Knee-- fracture below, description and treatment, 282 fracture, description and treatment, 281 tumors, description and treatment, 317 Knotting and twisting of bowels, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 35 Labor pains before relaxation of passages, 175 Lacerated wounds, description and treatment, 298 Laceration, eyelid, cause and treatment, 351 Lacerations-- and ruptures of the vagina, description and treatment, 219 ear, cause and treatment, 357 Lacrimal gland of the eye, description, 343 Lameness, symptom of foot-and-mouth disease, 383 Laminitis, description, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 335 Laryngitis, cause and treatment, 93 Laurel poisoning, description and treatment, 65 Law, James-- chapter on "Diseases following parturition", 214-246

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