SPECIAL REPORT ON DISEASES OF CATTLE
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416 XXXVIII. Tuberculosis of cow's udder 416 XXXIX. Actinomycosis
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ng, as well as in regurgitation for rumination or the chewing of the cud. The action of the first three stomachs is merely preparatory to digestion. Thus it would seem that as a resu
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of the surface, it is found to fluctuate or "give," then we may conclude that there is a collection of pus at that place. It is well not to open the abscess until the fluctuation is
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those who are competent. IMAGINARY DISEASES (HOLLOW HORN; LOSS OF CUD; WOLF IN THE TAIL). It would appear quite in place here, in connection with the diseases of the stomach and
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stic, are pain when getting up or lying down; grunting and pain upon sudden motion, especially downhill; coughing; pain on pressure over the second stomach, which lies immediately ab
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carefully laid open in the long direction, the adhesions of the protruding organs carefully separated from the umbilicus, and after the protruding parts have been returned into the
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horoughly chewed, and this constitutes what is known as "chewing the cud." From the second stomach the food passes into the third, and from the third into the fourth, or true, stomac
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Acetic acid is irritant to the gastrointestinal tract, and may cause sudden paralysis of the heart. _Treatment._--The action of the acid should be counteracted by the use of alkalie
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lysis and the animal dies in convulsions. LAUREL. The laurels, including the broad-leafed laurel, _Kalmia latifolia_, the narrow-leafed laurel, _Kalmia angustifolia_, the rhododen
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d is particularly noticeable while they are ruminating--"chewing the cud." It is not always associated with disease, but may be a symptom of some disease of the heart; in such cases
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s disinclined to move actively, the step is restricted and cautious, sudden motion causes grunting, the attitude is constrained, the feet are drawn somewhat together, the back is arc
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e of most of the diseases under consideration in this chapter. _Attitude and general condition._--The feeling of pain in animals suffering from serious affections of the organs of r
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the majority of cases it is attributable to some form of exposure, a sudden change from warm to cold surroundings, or exposure to cold storms. It may also result from inhaling irrita
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upplied by the cut nerve is paralyzed. The nervous system is often studied in two divisions--the cerebrospinal division and the sympathetic division. The cerebrospinal division con
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s, but there is paralysis in all parts posterior to the fracture, including the fore and hind legs. When the fracture is in the region of the loins the hind legs are paralyzed, but t
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nt passage of urine in driblets, its continuous escape in drops, the sudden arrest of the flow when in full stream, the rhythmic contraction of the muscles under the anus without any
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ed and inflamed kidneys it is present as a part of the inflammatory exudate. Apart from these, albumin in the urine represents in different cases a variety of diseased conditions of
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r, by the presentation of a female, the animal can be tempted to protrude the penis, so that it can be seized and extended, or when it can be manipulated forward out of the sheath, i
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cting stone, may slowly push it on into the bladder. Large doses of laudanum (2 ounces) or of solid extract of belladonna (2 drams) will not only soothe the pain but relax the spasm
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nclosing the tip of a conical mass of tissue from which the urine excludes. Fig. 2. Genital and urinary organs of the bull. (From Leisering, Mueller, and Ellenberger, Handbuch des V
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has a very small external opening, the mucous membrane of which is studded with sebaceous glands secreting a thick, unctuous matter of a strong, heavy odor. Behind this orifice is a
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ack toward the root of the tail. In the early stages of pregnancy the udder develops slowly, and toward its completion quite rapidly. For a long time there is merely a sense of great
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ult from poor or insufficient feed, from the excessive drain upon the udder while bearing the calf, from the use of feed deficient in certain essential elements, like the nitrogenous
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med condition of the membranes of the vagina results in a catarrhal exudate, and this discharge, which soils the external genitals and the tail, and the uneasiness and sometimes the
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was thoroughly closed in and the cow secluded from the constant stream of visitors and the incessant noise, when at once the pains became strong and effe
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passages. _Head and fore feet presented--Back turned down toward the udder._--This position (Pl. XVI, fig. 6) is unnatural, and the parturition is difficult for two reasons: First,
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for success, but if the calf is placed with its back down toward the udder, and if the head is bent down under the brim of the pelvis, the best position for the cow is on her back,
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ised a presentation with the back of the fetus turned down toward the udder, and the anterior extremities one with the back turned up toward the spine, the latter should be selected.
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w is to be sacrificed a blow on the head with an ax will produce quietude. Then the prompt cutting into the abdomen and womb and the extraction of the calf requires no skill. If, how
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of the lips of the vulva, a weak, rapid pulse, violent and perhaps loud beating of the heart (palpitations), sunken, staring eyes, coldness of the skin, ears, horns, and limbs, pers
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connections with the womb are severed and the remainder is expelled suddenly en masse. It is quite evident that neglected cases with putrid membranes are poor subjects for this meth
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examples of udder poisons are found in the first milk (colostrum), which is distinctly irritant and purgative, and in the to
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f the disease gangrene may ensue, a quarter or half or even the whole udder, losing its vitality, and sloughing off if the cow can bear up against the depressing influence. These gan
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anything which irritates them. The powerful sucking of the calf; the sudden chilling of the teat in winter after the calf has just let it go or after the completion of milking with a
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in as a swelling after the bowel has been returned; and when the protruding bowel has contracted permanent adhesion to the sac, it is impossible to return it fully without first seve
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reen all act in this way. The same may come from disease in the cow's udder, or any general disease of the cow with attendant fever, and in all such cases the tendency is to rapid ch
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D.] Some knowledge of the skeleton is advisable to facilitate the study of diseases of bones and the accidental injuries to which they are exposed. The skeleton of the adult ox is
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is one in which the bone is severed in two parts, transversely, longitudinally, or obliquely, without serious injury to the adjoining structures. COMPOUND FRACTURES.--Compound fract
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oken down and the bones are united (anchylosis). This process may include any or all of the three lower joints of the hock. The joint of motion which is situated on the lower end of
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t unknown. _Symptoms of articular rheumatism._--The symptoms appear suddenly and with varying degrees of severity. The animal presents a downcast appearance, with staring coat, horn
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far as possible to make the trachea tense and prominent; make a longitudinal incision about 2 to 2-1/2 inches long through the skin and deeper tissues and trachea at the most promine
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arly exercised or be allowed freedom so that it can exercise itself. Sudden changes of the temperature are dangerous. The animal should be fed moderately, but of a diet easily digest
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considerable rotary motion or twisting is possible. Their color is cloudy gray or grayish red, with white bands of connective tissue radiating from the center. Their consistence vari
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ts in the early and complete removal of the tumor, taking care to include a wide border of healthy tissue. This has been most successful in such superficial cancers as those of the e
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ns of the legs become irritated and chapped when cattle are fed in a muddy or wet yard in winter, or if they are compelled to wade through water in frosty weather. Another form of er
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the formation of circular patches on the skin, which soon becomes denuded of hair. The cuticular layer of the skin in slightly inflamed, and vesication with exudation occurs, follow
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sclerotic, or white of the eye, is bloodshot and the cornea may be cloudy. If the disease advances, keratitis results, with its train of unfavorable symptoms. _Treatment._--Careful
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a long time, but will eventually induce keratitis with inflammatory exudations. _Treatment._--The cornea may be punctured at its upper and outer margin, and the worm squeezed out wi
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hiefly responsible for the morbid changes. This definition might include diseases caused by certain animal parasites, such as trichinÊ, for example, which multiply in the digestive
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ected by means of chlorin gas liberated from the chlorid of lime by crude carbolic acid. This is accomplished by making a cone of 5 or 6 pounds of chlorid of lime, in the top of whic
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acute one, as is frequently seen in hot weather, the symptoms appear suddenly; the breathing becomes rapid and difficult, the animal grunts or moans with each expiration, the shoulde
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he same time similar changes may go on in the skin of the thighs, the udder, or the scrotum, or about the vagina, which lead to small sloughs. In severe cases, which are the most co
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loss in flesh and a lessening or cessation of the milk secretion. The udders often become inflamed and ruined by the formation of abscesses, and cows affected in this way are sometim
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that in the latter there is a rapid infection of the entire herd, including the adult cattle, as well as the infection of hogs and sheep. The characteristic lesion of foot-and-mouth
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pressure. This tumefaction consists essentially of a cerogelatinous exudate into the subcutaneous and intermuscular tissues. Bloody extravasations may take place in subcutaneous tis
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68 cows, 69, or 41 per cent, being tuberculous, and 2 having diseased udders. The result of testing the Queen's herd at Windsor was that 36 out of 40, or 90 per cent, were found tub
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under the jaw, and along the neck. Of late tubercular disease of the udder in cows (Pl. XXXVIII) has received considerable attention from sanitarians, owing to the infection of the
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of the cases tested. The relatively few failures in diagnoses are included among two classes of cattle. The first class contains those that are tuberculous, but which do not react ei
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unanimity of opinion on the part of all who are best calculated to judge that such an injurious effect does not occur. Even those who have been most pronounced in the claim tha
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xperimented with such virus. It was the experiments and comparative studies of Theobald Smith, however, which attracted special attention to the difference in virulence shown by tube
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ppearance of reddened, inflamed areas, principally upon the teats and udder, and at times on the abdominal skin or the skin of the inner surface of the thighs. In a few cases the ski
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t occurring in bovine affections. It is therefore of interest to conclude this article with a brief discussion of the disease in man and its relation to actinomycosis in cattle. In
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called anthrax peracutus or apoplectiform, when the animal dies very suddenly as if from apoplexy. Such cases usually occur in the beginning of an outbreak. The animal, without havin
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es will hardly hold, as it is found in all kinds of soil, in all altitudes, at all seasons of the year, and under various climatic conditions. It occurs in this country from the Atla
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etimes the mouth is kept open, permitting the tumefied tongue to protrude. One or more of the above symptoms direct the attention to the mouth as the seat of disease; or, having noti
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a uniform brownish tint, dissociated by gas and with a blood-tinged exudate. This gangrenous tissue, when present before death, can be removed without pain to the animal. The intesti
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thropoda and to the genus _Margaropus_ (or _Boophilus_), which is included in the order Acarina. Its life history is quite simple and easily traced from one generation to another. It
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clear solution, except for dirt. If the liquid persistently remains muddy or milky, it may be because the operation has been conducted so fast that much water has been boiled out an
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ed territory has in every instance been found a certain method of excluding Texas fever. The regulations governing the movement of cattle from below the quarantine line are made year
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laundry soap 1 pound. Water 4 gallons. Crude petroleum 1 gallon. Powdered naphthalin 4 ounces. Cut the soap into thin shavings and disso
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equal parts; (2) kerosene, 1/2 pint, mixed with lard, 1 pound; (3) crude petroleum; (4) any of the dips recommended for use in dipping, and diluted in the same proportions as for di
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d scattered their droppings. The worms in the stomach produce a multitude of eggs (fig. 14_c_) of microscopic size, which pass out of the body in the feces. In warm weather these egg
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as they are rather common among sheep in the Northwest. As already alluded to, these worms are the intermediate stage of a tapeworm found in dogs, and their life history and the mean
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earance of vesicles containing serous fluid in the mouth and upon the udder, teats, heels, and coronary bands of the affected animals. Drooling is profuse, and there is a peculiar sm
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f premises, 363 inflammation of the udder, description, prevention, and treatment, 237 ma
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, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 103 contagious, of the udder, description, prevention, and treatment, 237 ea
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, causes and treatment, 322 Pseudoplasm. _See_ Tumors. Psoroptic mange, description and treatment, 513 _Pucinia a
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nic, causes and treatment, 25 Udder-- congestion, description and treatment, 233 contagious inflammation af
value as remedy for stomach worms, 521-523
"Feeding-lot" method of freeing cattle and pastures from ticks, 494-497
Fetlock--
fracture below, treatment, 282
sprain, causes and treatment, 269
Fetus--
developing outside womb, description and treatment, 163
membranes, dropsy affecting, description and treatment, 162
prolonged retention, description and treatment, 164
Fever--
milk, description, symptoms, and treatment, 226-237
parturition, description, symptoms, and treatment, 226
southern, splenetic, or Texas. _See_ Texas fever.
Fibroma--
interdigital, description and treatment, 338
tumor, description and treatment, 311
Fibrous periostitis, description and treatment, 266
_Filaria cervina_, worm found in the eye, 349
_Filaria lablato-papillosa_, parasitic roundworm of cattle, 524
_Filaria oculi_, description and treatment, 349
Fissure of the wall of hoof, description and treatment, 338
Fistula, milk, description and treatment, 245
Flies--
injurious to cattle, 502-506
larval, note, 502
Flooding from womb, description and treatment, 214
Fluke disease, control by use of lime, 526
Flukes, prevention by drainage, 526
Fly--
Spanish, poison, description and treatment, 70
stable, breeding places, 503
Fly preventives, injury to cattle by poisoning, 503
Flytrap, use against stable flies, 503
Fluke, disease of cattle, 526
Flukes, liver and lungs, description, 526
Foods, character, effect on digestive organs, 12
Foot--
diseases affecting, chapter by M. R. Trumbower, 335-339
foul, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 336
soreness, description and treatment, 335
Foot rot, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 336
Foot-and-mouth disease--
benign, simple, or noninfectious, 535
danger to man, 394-395
description, cause, symptoms, etc., 383-395
diagnosis, 391-392
eradication by slaughter, efficacy, 394
incubation period, 384
losses other than by death of animal, 384
mortality, 384, 391
occurrence in various countries of world, 385-386
prevention and eradication, 392-394
similarity to mycotic stomatitis, 536
symptoms, 383, 389-391
symptoms in man, 394
United States, outbreaks, 386-389
Forage, insects on, description of poisonous effect, 70
Formaldehyde gas, liberation by use of permanganate, 365
Foul in foot, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 336
Founder, description, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 335
Fractures--
below hock and fetlock, description and treatment, 282
compound, comminuted, and complicated, 271
description of different kinds, and treatment, 271-282
face bones, description and treatment, 277
general symptoms and treatment, 272, 273
hip point, causes and treatment, 280
horns, description and treatment, 277
limbs, description and appliances for treatment, 281-2
lower jaw, cause and treatment, 278
metacarpus and metatarsus, description and treatment, 282
pelvis, description and treatment, 178, 279
ribs, cause and treatment, 281
special, descriptions and treatment, 277
spinal column, description and treatment, 279
vertebra, description and treatment, 279
France, foot-and-mouth disease, 385
Froesch, note on destruction of foot-and-mouth infection, 395
Frostbites--
ears, symptoms and treatment, 357
treatment, 334
Fungi, poisonous, description of poisoning, 70
Fungoid growth of the ear, cause and treatment, 356
Fungus hematodes--
cause and treatment, 353
description, 316
Furunculus, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 328
Ganglionic division of the nervous system, 103
Gangrene, danger in castration of cattle, 300
Gangrenous septicemia, symptoms and treatment, 472
Garget, description and treatment, 233
Gas--
cause of swelling in calf, treatment, 181
under the skin, symptoms and treatment, 334
Gastroenteritis, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 33
Gastrointestinal catarrh, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 29, 32
Generative organs--
diseases, chapter by James Law, 147-214
discussion, 147
Genital organs, vesicular eruption affecting, description,
symptoms, and treatment, 401
Germany, foot-and-mouth disease, 385-386
Gestation, extra-uterine, description and treatment, 163
Gid, parasite of sheep and cattle, 528
Glands, skin, location and use, 321
Gnats, buffalo, description and remedy, 505
Goiter, cause, description, symptoms, and treatment, 310
Gonorrhea, description and treatment, 156
Gravel--
description and cause, 130
effect of different feeds, 132
in prepuce or sheath, treatment, 144
Great Britain, foot-and-mouth disease, 386
Grubs, cattle, description, 507
Gullet--
diseases affecting, description, symptoms, and treatment, 17-22
wounds and injuries, cause and treatment, 22
Gut tie, description, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 41
_HÊmatopinus eurysternus_ and _H. vituli_,
description and treatment, 508
_HÊmonchus contortus_, description and treatment, 519
Hair balls, cause, 29
Hair, description, 320
Harbaugh, W. H.--
chapter on "Diseases of the heart, blood vessels,
and lymphatics", 73-86
chapter on "Diseases of the nervous system", 101-112
Haw, inflammation and enlargement, description and treatment, 354
Health, public, relation of actinomycosis, 447
Heart--
blood vessels and lymphatics, chapter by W. H. Harbaugh, 73-86
description, 73
dilation and hypertrophy, description, 82
examination of, 77
fatty degeneration, description, 82
injury by foreign bodies, description, symptoms, and treatment, 78
misplacement, description, 83
palpitation, description, 78
rupture, description, 82
valves, diseases affecting, symptoms and treatment, 82
Heat prostration, symptoms and treatment, 108
Heaves, description and treatment, 98
Heel, ulcerations, causes and treatment, 337
Hemaglobinuria or hematuria, description, symptoms, and treatment, 119
Hematodes, fungus, description, 316
Hemoptysis, description and treatment, 99
Hemorrhage--
danger in castration of cattle, 300
treatment, 83
Hemorrhagic septicemia, causes, symptoms, etc, 397-401
Hepatitis, symptoms and treatment, 45
Hernia--
bowel, description and treatment, 38
danger in castration of cattle, 300
peritoneal, description, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 41
rennet, description and treatment, 38
rumen, description and cause, 37
stomach, description and treatment, 38
umbilical, description, causes, and treatment, 41, 252
uterus, cause and treatment, 162
ventral, description and causes, 37
Hides, injury by cattle ticks, 484
Hip point, fracture, causes and treatment, 280
Hip sprain, cause and treatment, 270
Hock--
fracture below, description and treatment, 282
fracture, treatment, 281
Hollow horn, imaginary disease, 27
Hoof--
deformities, causes and treatment, 338
loss, causes and treatment, 336
split, description and treatment, 338
wall, fissure affecting, description and treatment, 338
wounds and pricks, treatment, 338
Horns, fracture, description and treatment, 277
Horses--
dose of vaccine against anthrax, 457
ear tick, note, 518
Hoven, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 22
Hydatids--
and flukes affecting the lungs of animals, 526
description and treatment, 526
Hydrocephalus, description and treatment, 179
Hydrophobia. _See_ Rabies.
Hydrothorax, description and treatment, 99
Hygiene, pregnant cow, 160
Hygromata, description and treatment, 317
Hyperplasia, reference, 303
Hypertrophy--
description, 128
heart, with dilation, description, 82
_Hypoderma bovis_, new warble fly, 507
_Hypoderma lineata_, warble fly, description, 507
Illinois, foot-and-mouth disease, 388
Immunization, northern cattle against Texas fever, manner, 500
Impetigo, description, causes, and treatment, 327
Incised wounds, description and treatment, 295
Incontinence, urine, cause and treatment, 130
Incubation period of infectious diseases, 362
Indiana, foot-and-mouth disease, 388
Indigestion--
calves, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 32, 253
causes, symptoms, and treatment, 26, 29, 31
Induration--
tongue. _See_ Actinomycosis.
womb mouth, description and treatment, 176
Infectious aphtha. _See_ Foot-and-mouth disease.
Infectious catarrhal conjunctivitis, symptoms,
treatment, and prevention, 345
Infectious catarrhal fever, description, symptoms,
and treatment, 469-472
Infectious diseases--
cattle, chapter by John R. Mohler, 358-511
classification of symptoms and lesions, 359
general discussion, 358
incubation periods, 362
treatment, discussion, 362
Infectious ophthalmia, or infectious catarrhal conjunctivitis, 345
Inflammation--
brain and its membranes, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 103
contagious, of the udder, description, prevention,
and treatment, 237
ear, symptoms and treatment, 355
haw, description and treatment, 354
kidneys, description, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 123
liver, symptoms and treatment, 45
mucous membrane of mouth, symptoms and treatment, 17
navel veins, description, symptoms, and treatment, 249
parotid gland, symptoms and treatment, 18
pyemic and septicemic, of joints of calves,
symptoms and treatment, 251
sheath and penis from bruising, prevention and treatment, 155
sheath, causes and treatment, 153
spleen, description, 45
testicles, description and treatment, 152
traumatic, of the stomach, cause, symptoms, and treatment, 34
udder, description, symptoms, and treatment, 234
urachus, causes and treatment, 248
urethra, description and treatment, 156
vagina, causes and treatment, 223
veins, description and treatment, 86
womb, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 224
Inflammatory diseases, skin, description, symptoms,
and treatment, 320-334
Inhalation of medicines, manner, 10
Inoculation, use against hemorrhagic septicemia, 401
Intercostal muscles, rheumatism affecting,
description and treatment, 100
Interdigital fibroma, description and treatment, 338
Intestinal parasites, description and treatment, 523
Intestines, roundworms affecting, kind and treatment, 532
Intussusception, causes, symptoms, post-mortem
appearance, and treatment, 35
Invagination, cause of obstruction of bowels,
symptoms, and treatment, 35
Inversion--
eyelashes, treatment, 350
eyelid, description and treatment, 350
Iodin, tincture, use in punctured wounds, 297
Iowa, foot-and-mouth disease, 388
Iris, description, 341
Italy, foot-and-mouth disease, 385
Itch, scab, mites, and mange, description and treatment, 513
Itching, cause and treatment, 322
Japan, foot-and-mouth disease, 386
Jaundice, description, symptoms and treatment, 44
Jaw--
big, lump, or lumpy, _See_ Actinomycosis.
lower, fracture, cause and treatment, 278
poverty, caused by twisted wireworms, 520
Jawbones, actinomycosis affecting, description and treatment, 440-449
Jensen, formula for protection of cattle from flies, 503
Joint-ill, description, symptoms, and treatment, 251
Kansas, foot-and-mouth disease, 388
Kelis, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 331
Kentucky, foot-and-mouth disease, 388
Keratitis, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 345
Kidney--
ox, description, 117
parasites affecting, discussion, 127
stone in, description and treatment, 139
Kidneys--
inflammation, description, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 123
tumors affecting, description, 128
Knee--
fracture below, description and treatment, 282
fracture, description and treatment, 281
tumors, description and treatment, 317
Knotting and twisting of bowels, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 35
Labor pains before relaxation of passages, 175
Lacerated wounds, description and treatment, 298
Laceration, eyelid, cause and treatment, 351
Lacerations--
and ruptures of the vagina, description and treatment, 219
ear, cause and treatment, 357
Lacrimal gland of the eye, description, 343
Lameness, symptom of foot-and-mouth disease, 383
Laminitis, description, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 335
Laryngitis, cause and treatment, 93
Laurel poisoning, description and treatment, 65
Law, James--
chapter on "Diseases following parturition", 214-246
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