SPECIAL REPORT ON DISEASES OF CATTLE
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416 XXXVIII. Tuberculosis of cow's udder 416 XXXIX. Actinomycosis
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ng, as well as in regurgitation for rumination or the chewing of the cud. The action of the first three stomachs is merely preparatory to digestion. Thus it would seem that as a resu
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of the surface, it is found to fluctuate or "give," then we may conclude that there is a collection of pus at that place. It is well not to open the abscess until the fluctuation is
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those who are competent. IMAGINARY DISEASES (HOLLOW HORN; LOSS OF CUD; WOLF IN THE TAIL). It would appear quite in place here, in connection with the diseases of the stomach and
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stic, are pain when getting up or lying down; grunting and pain upon sudden motion, especially downhill; coughing; pain on pressure over the second stomach, which lies immediately ab
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carefully laid open in the long direction, the adhesions of the protruding organs carefully separated from the umbilicus, and after the protruding parts have been returned into the
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horoughly chewed, and this constitutes what is known as "chewing the cud." From the second stomach the food passes into the third, and from the third into the fourth, or true, stomac
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Acetic acid is irritant to the gastrointestinal tract, and may cause sudden paralysis of the heart. _Treatment._--The action of the acid should be counteracted by the use of alkalie
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lysis and the animal dies in convulsions. LAUREL. The laurels, including the broad-leafed laurel, _Kalmia latifolia_, the narrow-leafed laurel, _Kalmia angustifolia_, the rhododen
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d is particularly noticeable while they are ruminating--"chewing the cud." It is not always associated with disease, but may be a symptom of some disease of the heart; in such cases
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s disinclined to move actively, the step is restricted and cautious, sudden motion causes grunting, the attitude is constrained, the feet are drawn somewhat together, the back is arc
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e of most of the diseases under consideration in this chapter. _Attitude and general condition._--The feeling of pain in animals suffering from serious affections of the organs of r
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the majority of cases it is attributable to some form of exposure, a sudden change from warm to cold surroundings, or exposure to cold storms. It may also result from inhaling irrita
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upplied by the cut nerve is paralyzed. The nervous system is often studied in two divisions--the cerebrospinal division and the sympathetic division. The cerebrospinal division con
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s, but there is paralysis in all parts posterior to the fracture, including the fore and hind legs. When the fracture is in the region of the loins the hind legs are paralyzed, but t
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nt passage of urine in driblets, its continuous escape in drops, the sudden arrest of the flow when in full stream, the rhythmic contraction of the muscles under the anus without any
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ed and inflamed kidneys it is present as a part of the inflammatory exudate. Apart from these, albumin in the urine represents in different cases a variety of diseased conditions of
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r, by the presentation of a female, the animal can be tempted to protrude the penis, so that it can be seized and extended, or when it can be manipulated forward out of the sheath, i
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cting stone, may slowly push it on into the bladder. Large doses of laudanum (2 ounces) or of solid extract of belladonna (2 drams) will not only soothe the pain but relax the spasm
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nclosing the tip of a conical mass of tissue from which the urine excludes. Fig. 2. Genital and urinary organs of the bull. (From Leisering, Mueller, and Ellenberger, Handbuch des V
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has a very small external opening, the mucous membrane of which is studded with sebaceous glands secreting a thick, unctuous matter of a strong, heavy odor. Behind this orifice is a
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ack toward the root of the tail. In the early stages of pregnancy the udder develops slowly, and toward its completion quite rapidly. For a long time there is merely a sense of great
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ult from poor or insufficient feed, from the excessive drain upon the udder while bearing the calf, from the use of feed deficient in certain essential elements, like the nitrogenous
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med condition of the membranes of the vagina results in a catarrhal exudate, and this discharge, which soils the external genitals and the tail, and the uneasiness and sometimes the
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was thoroughly closed in and the cow secluded from the constant stream of visitors and the incessant noise, when at once the pains became strong and effe
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passages. _Head and fore feet presented--Back turned down toward the udder._--This position (Pl. XVI, fig. 6) is unnatural, and the parturition is difficult for two reasons: First,
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for success, but if the calf is placed with its back down toward the udder, and if the head is bent down under the brim of the pelvis, the best position for the cow is on her back,
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ised a presentation with the back of the fetus turned down toward the udder, and the anterior extremities one with the back turned up toward the spine, the latter should be selected.
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w is to be sacrificed a blow on the head with an ax will produce quietude. Then the prompt cutting into the abdomen and womb and the extraction of the calf requires no skill. If, how
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of the lips of the vulva, a weak, rapid pulse, violent and perhaps loud beating of the heart (palpitations), sunken, staring eyes, coldness of the skin, ears, horns, and limbs, pers
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connections with the womb are severed and the remainder is expelled suddenly en masse. It is quite evident that neglected cases with putrid membranes are poor subjects for this meth
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examples of udder poisons are found in the first milk (colostrum), which is distinctly irritant and purgative, and in the to
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f the disease gangrene may ensue, a quarter or half or even the whole udder, losing its vitality, and sloughing off if the cow can bear up against the depressing influence. These gan
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anything which irritates them. The powerful sucking of the calf; the sudden chilling of the teat in winter after the calf has just let it go or after the completion of milking with a
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in as a swelling after the bowel has been returned; and when the protruding bowel has contracted permanent adhesion to the sac, it is impossible to return it fully without first seve
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reen all act in this way. The same may come from disease in the cow's udder, or any general disease of the cow with attendant fever, and in all such cases the tendency is to rapid ch
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D.] Some knowledge of the skeleton is advisable to facilitate the study of diseases of bones and the accidental injuries to which they are exposed. The skeleton of the adult ox is
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is one in which the bone is severed in two parts, transversely, longitudinally, or obliquely, without serious injury to the adjoining structures. COMPOUND FRACTURES.--Compound fract
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oken down and the bones are united (anchylosis). This process may include any or all of the three lower joints of the hock. The joint of motion which is situated on the lower end of
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t unknown. _Symptoms of articular rheumatism._--The symptoms appear suddenly and with varying degrees of severity. The animal presents a downcast appearance, with staring coat, horn
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far as possible to make the trachea tense and prominent; make a longitudinal incision about 2 to 2-1/2 inches long through the skin and deeper tissues and trachea at the most promine
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arly exercised or be allowed freedom so that it can exercise itself. Sudden changes of the temperature are dangerous. The animal should be fed moderately, but of a diet easily digest
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considerable rotary motion or twisting is possible. Their color is cloudy gray or grayish red, with white bands of connective tissue radiating from the center. Their consistence vari
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ts in the early and complete removal of the tumor, taking care to include a wide border of healthy tissue. This has been most successful in such superficial cancers as those of the e
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ns of the legs become irritated and chapped when cattle are fed in a muddy or wet yard in winter, or if they are compelled to wade through water in frosty weather. Another form of er
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the formation of circular patches on the skin, which soon becomes denuded of hair. The cuticular layer of the skin in slightly inflamed, and vesication with exudation occurs, follow
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sclerotic, or white of the eye, is bloodshot and the cornea may be cloudy. If the disease advances, keratitis results, with its train of unfavorable symptoms. _Treatment._--Careful
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a long time, but will eventually induce keratitis with inflammatory exudations. _Treatment._--The cornea may be punctured at its upper and outer margin, and the worm squeezed out wi
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hiefly responsible for the morbid changes. This definition might include diseases caused by certain animal parasites, such as trichinÊ, for example, which multiply in the digestive
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ected by means of chlorin gas liberated from the chlorid of lime by crude carbolic acid. This is accomplished by making a cone of 5 or 6 pounds of chlorid of lime, in the top of whic
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acute one, as is frequently seen in hot weather, the symptoms appear suddenly; the breathing becomes rapid and difficult, the animal grunts or moans with each expiration, the shoulde
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he same time similar changes may go on in the skin of the thighs, the udder, or the scrotum, or about the vagina, which lead to small sloughs. In severe cases, which are the most co
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loss in flesh and a lessening or cessation of the milk secretion. The udders often become inflamed and ruined by the formation of abscesses, and cows affected in this way are sometim
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that in the latter there is a rapid infection of the entire herd, including the adult cattle, as well as the infection of hogs and sheep. The characteristic lesion of foot-and-mouth
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pressure. This tumefaction consists essentially of a cerogelatinous exudate into the subcutaneous and intermuscular tissues. Bloody extravasations may take place in subcutaneous tis
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68 cows, 69, or 41 per cent, being tuberculous, and 2 having diseased udders. The result of testing the Queen's herd at Windsor was that 36 out of 40, or 90 per cent, were found tub
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under the jaw, and along the neck. Of late tubercular disease of the udder in cows (Pl. XXXVIII) has received considerable attention from sanitarians, owing to the infection of the
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of the cases tested. The relatively few failures in diagnoses are included among two classes of cattle. The first class contains those that are tuberculous, but which do not react ei
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unanimity of opinion on the part of all who are best calculated to judge that such an injurious effect does not occur. Even those who have been most pronounced in the claim tha
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xperimented with such virus. It was the experiments and comparative studies of Theobald Smith, however, which attracted special attention to the difference in virulence shown by tube
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ppearance of reddened, inflamed areas, principally upon the teats and udder, and at times on the abdominal skin or the skin of the inner surface of the thighs. In a few cases the ski
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t occurring in bovine affections. It is therefore of interest to conclude this article with a brief discussion of the disease in man and its relation to actinomycosis in cattle. In
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called anthrax peracutus or apoplectiform, when the animal dies very suddenly as if from apoplexy. Such cases usually occur in the beginning of an outbreak. The animal, without havin
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es will hardly hold, as it is found in all kinds of soil, in all altitudes, at all seasons of the year, and under various climatic conditions. It occurs in this country from the Atla
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etimes the mouth is kept open, permitting the tumefied tongue to protrude. One or more of the above symptoms direct the attention to the mouth as the seat of disease; or, having noti
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a uniform brownish tint, dissociated by gas and with a blood-tinged exudate. This gangrenous tissue, when present before death, can be removed without pain to the animal. The intesti
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thropoda and to the genus _Margaropus_ (or _Boophilus_), which is included in the order Acarina. Its life history is quite simple and easily traced from one generation to another. It
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clear solution, except for dirt. If the liquid persistently remains muddy or milky, it may be because the operation has been conducted so fast that much water has been boiled out an
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ed territory has in every instance been found a certain method of excluding Texas fever. The regulations governing the movement of cattle from below the quarantine line are made year
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laundry soap 1 pound. Water 4 gallons. Crude petroleum 1 gallon. Powdered naphthalin 4 ounces. Cut the soap into thin shavings and disso
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equal parts; (2) kerosene, 1/2 pint, mixed with lard, 1 pound; (3) crude petroleum; (4) any of the dips recommended for use in dipping, and diluted in the same proportions as for di
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d scattered their droppings. The worms in the stomach produce a multitude of eggs (fig. 14_c_) of microscopic size, which pass out of the body in the feces. In warm weather these egg
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as they are rather common among sheep in the Northwest. As already alluded to, these worms are the intermediate stage of a tapeworm found in dogs, and their life history and the mean
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earance of vesicles containing serous fluid in the mouth and upon the udder, teats, heels, and coronary bands of the affected animals. Drooling is profuse, and there is a peculiar sm
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f premises, 363 inflammation of the udder, description, prevention, and treatment, 237 ma
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, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 103 contagious, of the udder, description, prevention, and treatment, 237 ea
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, causes and treatment, 322 Pseudoplasm. _See_ Tumors. Psoroptic mange, description and treatment, 513 _Pucinia a
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nic, causes and treatment, 25 Udder-- congestion, description and treatment, 233 contagious inflammation af
period of incubation of ticks, 486
prevention, 487
quarantine regulations, 495
symptoms and pathological changes after death, 478-480
tick eradication, plan of work, 487
Threadworms in abdominal cavity of cattle, 529
Throat, sore, symptoms, causes, and treatment, 17
Thrombosis, description and symptoms, 85
Thrush--
calf, description and treatment, 263
parasite (_Saccharomyces albicans_), cause, 263
Ticks--
cattle, time required to kill, 488
ear, 518
injury to cattle hides, 484
parasites of cattle, note, 502
_See also_ Cattle tick; Texas fever.
_Tilletia caries_ in wheat, effect on cattle, 13
_Tinea favosa_, description, symptoms, and treatment, 332
_Tinea tonsurans_, description, symptoms, and treatment, 332
Tracheotomy, description, 294
Traumatic inflammation of the stomach, cause,
symptoms, and treatment, 34
Trichiasis, treatment, 350
_Trichodectes scalaris_ (red louse), description and treatment, 513
_Trichophyton tonsurans_, fungus causing _Tinea tonsurans_, 332
Trumbower, M. R.--
chapter on "Diseases of the ear", 353-357
chapter on "Diseases of the eye and its appendages", 340-354
chapter on "Diseases of the foot", 335-339
chapter on "Diseases of the skin", 320-334
_Trypanosoma brucei_, cause of nagana, or tsetse-fly disease, 500
Tsetse-fly disease, description, symptoms, and treatment, 500
Tuberculin test--
description and history, 417
harmless to healthy animals, 426
summary of directions for making, 427
_Tuberculosis_--
bovine, and public health, 430
cause and nature of disease, 411
occurrence, 407
statistics of tests in United States, 410
symptoms and diagnosis, 416-417
transmissibility of human and bovine, 432
treatment, 428
Tumor--
bony, description and treatment, 314
chrondroma, description and treatment, 314
fibroma, description and treatment, 311
hairy, on eyeball, description and treatment, 349
lipoma, description and treatment, 314
sarcoma, description and treatment, 315
Tumors--
brain, description, 112
calf, description and treatment, 181
cattle, chapter by John R. Mohler, 303-319
definition and description, 303
description, 303, 305, 307
description of kinds, 309
diagnosis, 308
eyelid, description and treatment, 350
general treatment, 309
kidney, description, 128
malignant and benign, description, 306
orbit, cause and treatment, 353
pharynx, description and treatment, 19
Twisted stomach worms, description and treatment, 519-523
Twisting--
and knotting of the bowels, causes, symptoms,
post-mortem appearance, and treatment, 35
of the neck of the womb, description and treatment, 176
Tympanites--
acute, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 22
chronic, causes and treatment, 25
Udder--
congestion, description and treatment, 233
contagious inflammation affecting, description,
prevention, and treatment, 237
inflammation, description, symptoms, and treatment, 234
Ulceration, heel, causes and treatment, 337
Ulcerative stomatitis. _See_ Necrotic stomatitis.
Ulcers--
calves. _See_ Necrotic stomatitis.
cornea, cause, symptoms, and treatment, 347
penis, cause and treatment, 157
Umbilical hernia--
description, causes, and treatment, 39
symptoms and treatment, 252
Umbilical phlebitis, description, causes, and treatment, 249
Urachus--
inflammation, causes and treatment, 248
persistent, description and treatment, 248
Ureteral calculi, description and treatment, 139
Urethra, inflammation affecting, description and treatment, 156
Urethral calculus, symptoms and treatment, 142
Urinary calculi--
classification, 138
description and causes, 130, 137
effect of different feeds, 133
Urinary disorders, symptoms, 118
Urinary organs--
diseases, chapter by James Law, 113-146
functions, 113
Urine--
albumin in, description and treatment, 121
amount passed daily, 115
analyses under different rations, 114
bloody, caused by blood flukes, 526
bloody, description, symptoms, and treatment, 119
cow, analysis, 114
discharged through navel, description and treatment, 248
excessive secretion, cause and treatment, 118
incontinence, cause and treatment, 130
ox, analysis, 115
retention, effect, cause, and treatment, 128
sugar in, description, 123
Urticaria, description, causes and treatment, 124
Uruguay, foot-and-mouth disease, 386
Uterus--
hernia affecting, cause and treatment, 162
polypus affecting, description and treatment, 157
Vaccination, disadvantages in use against anthrax, 457
Vaccine--
anthrax, care and use, 457
blackleg, free distribution, note, 463
preparation and use against hemorrhagic septicemia, 395
Vagina--
clots of blood on walls, description and treatment, 220
inflammation, causes and treatment, 223
lacerations and rupture, description and treatment, 219
polypus affecting, description and treatment, 157
_VaginÊ prolapsus_, description and treatment, 162
Vaginal walls, affected with coagulated blood after calving,
treatment, 179
Vaginitis, causes and treatment, 223
Valves, heart, diseases affecting, symptoms and treatment, 80
Variola, description, symptoms, and treatment, 438
Vegetable--
acids, poisonous, description and treatment, 58
poisons--
note, 61
uses as medicine, description, symptoms, and treatment, 61-69
Veins--
inflammation, description and treatment, 86
wounds, description and treatment, 83
Venereal desire, diminution or loss, cause,
prevention, and treatment, 149
Venereal excess, cause and treatment, 148
Venomous stings. _See_ Snake bites.
Ventral hernia, description and causes, 37
Verminous bronchitis--
description, symptoms, and prevention, 100
_parasites_ causing, 100
Vermont, foot-and-mouth disease, 387
Verruca, description, cause, and treatment, 331
Vertebra, fracture, description, and treatment, 279
Vesical calculus, symptoms and treatment, 142
Vesicular eruption of genital organs, description,
symptoms, and treatment, 401
Vesicular exanthema, symptoms and treatment, 401
Veterinarians, views on foot-and-mouth disease in man, 395
Virginia, foot-and-mouth disease, 388
Vitreous humor of the eye, description, 342
Vomiting, symptoms, cause, and treatment, 27
Wall, hoof, fissure, description and treatment, 338
Warble fly--
damages, estimate, 510
European species, appearance in United States, 510
Warbles--
description and treatment, 507
penetration of skins of cattle, 508
reference, 333
Warts--
description, causes, and treatment, 312, 331
penis, treatment, 156
teats, treatment, 243
Washington, foot-and-mouth disease, 388
Wasp stings, description and treatment, 71
Water--
blisters, symptoms and treatment, 328
cold, drinking, a cause of indigestion, symptoms and treatment, 33
head of calf, description and treatment, 179
Weather, relation to occurrence of mycotic stomatitis, 392
Wens, description and treatment, 330
West Virginia, foot-and-mouth disease, 388
Wisconsin, foot-and-mouth disease, 388
Withers, casting, cause and treatment, 215
Wolf in the tail, imaginary disease, 27
Womb--
bleeding from, description, symptoms, and treatment, 214
dropsy, description and treatment, 162
eversion, cause and treatment, 215
fetus developing outside, description and treatment, 163
inflammation, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 224
mouth, induration, description and treatment, 176
rupture, cause and treatment, 219
twisting of neck, description and treatment, 176
Wooden tongue. _See_ Actinomycosis.
Wood-ill, description, symptoms, and treatment, 119
Worm--
encysted stomach, description and treatment, 523
eye, description and treatment, 349
Worms--
bladder, description, 528
lung, of cattle, description and treatment, 530
screw, description and remedies, 506
thread, in abdominal cavity of cattle, 529
twisted stomach, description and treatment, 519-520
Wounds--
abdomen, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 43
arteries and veins, description and treatment, 83
contused and lacerated, description and treatment, 298
contusions of the lips and snake bites of mouth,
description and treatment, 14
danger of infection from foot-and-mouth disease, 394
drainage, necessity, 298
gullet, description and treatment, 22
healing, treatment and dressing, description, 298
hoof, treatment, 338
incised--
description and treatment, 295
punctured, and lacerated, description and treatment, 295-299
mouth, snake bites and contusions of lips, treatment, 14
penis, cause and treatment, 156
skin, kinds, description, and treatment, 333-334
treatment, summary of care after dressing, 298
Yellows, description, symptoms, and treatment, 44
Zinc poisoning, description and treatment, 57
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