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48 VII. Diagram of the circulation of the blood 86 VIII. Position of the lung
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and irritation of the digestive tract. The rusts, such as _Puccinia graminis_, _P. straminis_, _P. Coronata_, and _P. arudinacea_, cause colic and diarrhea, and in some cases partial
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ean and the cavity injected once or twice daily with a solution of 1 dram of carbolic acid in 8 ounces of water. Under this treatment the pus may cease and the wound heal without comp
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n to be used in such case is made up as follows: Sulphate of zinc, 1 dram; carbolic acid, 2 drams; glycerin, 2 ounces; water, 14 ounces; mix. It is clear that this operation requires
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of 30 to 60 grains is good. Subnitrate of bismuth in doses of 1 to 2 drams may be given. Pulverized opium may be used, if the diarrhea is severe, in 1 to 2 dram doses. If the bowel mo
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first 24 hours, divided into three doses, and afterwards he gives 6 drams three times daily. Opium in doses of 2 to 3 drams may be given. To bring on evacuations of the bowels it is
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chronic poisoning may result. The poisonous dose for an ox is from 3 drams to 1 ounce. _Symptoms._--The symptoms of acute poisoning first appear as those of colic; the animal is rest
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symptoms have abated, iodid of potassium may be given, in doses of 2 drams each, three times a day for a week. No treatment is likely to be of avail until the cause is removed. COP
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y to be tedious. Tannin may be given internally in doses of one-half dram twice daily for a few days to neutralize the unabsorbed alkaloids of the ergot. At the same time give
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e the branches of a tree), become smaller and smaller, and ultimately ramify into every part of the body. Between the ultimate ramifications of the arteries and the beginning of the v
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y, and rapid, labored breathing. It is caused by non-closure of the foramen ovale, connecting the right with the left side of the heart, and the consequent mixing of the venous with t
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LOOD VESSELS, AND LYMPHATICS. DESCRIPTION OF PLATE. PLATE VII: Diagram illustrating the circulation of the blood. The arrows indicate the direction in which the blood flows. The va
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orrhage is profuse and persistent, either a drench composed of 1-1/2 drams of acetate of lead dissolved in a pint of water or 1-1/2 drams of gallic acid dissolved in a pint of water s
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tive tissue. Nerves divide and subdivide, sending off branches, which ramify in all parts of the body, and, as they near their terminations, they contain but one or two fibers. The b
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e ascertained by pouring a little cold water into the mouth), give 3 drams of stronger liquor ammonia, diluted with a quart of cold water. Be very careful in drenching the animal when
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ition to the wholesome dry food, and, by way of medicine, doses of 2 drams each of sulphate of iron and iodid of potassium may be given twice daily. In obstinate cases 2 drams ergot o
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tincture of chlorid of iron, 2 drams, may be given in a pint of water thrice a day. In some cases 1 or 2 teaspoonfuls of oil of turpentine twice
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After relief has been obtained the administration of belladonna in 2-dram doses daily for several days will tend to prevent a recurrence of the retention. When the body of the bladde
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ge doses of laudanum (2 ounces) or of solid extract of belladonna (2 drams) will not only soothe the pain but relax the spasm and favor the onward passage of the calculus. The animal
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Castile soap, or with a weak solution of sulphate of zinc (one-half dram to a quart of water). If these attentions are impossible, most cases, after cleansing, will do well if merely
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after this the sore may be treated by a daily injection of one-half dram sulphate of zinc, 1 dram carbolic acid, and 1 quart milk-warm water. SIGNS OF PREGNANCY. If a cow remains
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is avoids danger of exposure and yet leaves the whole arm free and untrammeled. Before inserting the hand it and the arm should be smeared with oil, lard, or vaseline, care being take
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ould be washed frequently with an antiseptic lotion (carbolic acid 1 dram in 1 quart of water). CONSTRICTION OF A MEMBER BY THE NAVEL STRING. In early fetal life the winding of the
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the pelvis or in the openings in the bones of its floor (obturator foramina) will give sufficient purchase for extraction. Another method is to insert a knife between the bone of the
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acid, or acetate of lead) may be thrown into the womb, and one-half-dram doses of acetate of lead may be given by the mouth, or 1 ounce powdered ergot of rye may be given in gruel. W
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ree are not without danger. Ergot of rye, 1 ounce, or its extract, 1 dram, may be resorted to to induce contraction of the womb. The mechanical extraction of the membranes is, however
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he teats and milk ducts with a solution of iodid of potassium (1-1/2 drams to 1 quart of water). This reduced the mortality to 17 per cent. Others followed this lead by the injection
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cted part is often fatal. It demands antiseptics (chlorid of zinc, 1 dram to 1 quart water) applied frequently to the part, or, if the case can not be attended, smear the affected qua
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acters. By fencing the spring in and giving the affected cows each 2 drams bisulphite of soda daily, the trouble was arrested promptly and permanently. CHAPPED TEATS. These may be
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ily with tincture of iodin, or an ointment of biniodid of mercury (1 dram) and lard (2 ounces) may be rubbed on the affected joints daily until they are blistered. In case of swelling
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elled in this way, carminatives and demulcent agents may be given--1 dram of anise water, 1 dram nitrate of bismuth, and 1 dram of gum arabic, three times a day. Under such course the
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branches of blood vessels which pass into the bones through holes (foramina) on their surface and are distributed in the soft structure (medulla) of the inside. The structure of the
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mined. If the animal is young, valuable, and of reasonably quiet temperament, and the fracture is not too great in extent, the chances of recovery are fair. On the other hand, if the
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l soon be noticeable. FRACTURES OF THE PELVIS.--The pelvis, or bony framework which gives shape to the posterior part of the body, is liable to fracture in many ways. A common one is
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e operation will better fit him for his work by so modifying his temperament and physical condition that he may easily be controlled by his master. Again, if he is merely to be used f
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of the organism together; bony tumors add nothing to the supporting framework of the body; the tissue of fatty tumors never serves as a storehouse of feed and energy; the cells of an
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o the swelling. Injections of iodin solution, 5 grains of iodin in 1 dram of 25 per cent alcohol, may also be made into the substance of the gland. When the swelling which follows thi
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xposing the exuding dermis, an application of boric-acid solution, 2 drams of the acid to 8 ounces of water, often relieves the smarting or itching, and also serves to check the exuda
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ed much shock, the animal may require internal stimulants, such as 2 drams of carbonate of ammonia every hour until it rallies. When the pain is very great, hypodermic injections of 6
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elieve it from foreign bodies which may fall upon it. It has for its framework a fibro-cartilage, irregular in shape, thick, nearly prismatic at its base, and thin anteriorly where it
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onics may be given in the feed, namely, powdered sulphate of iron, 1 dram; gentian, 2 drams; nux vomica, one-half dram; to be given twice a day. In cases of rheumatism, one-half ounce
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s._--Owing to the complexity of the structure of the lung tissue, its ramifications of bronchial tubes and blood vessels, and its abundant supply of lymphatics, the pathological chang
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ourse of the disease headache, pain in the limbs, vertigo, abdominal cramps, vomiting, diarrhea, and weakness are occasionally observed. The disease is seldom fatal, usually appearing
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readily be differentiated from rabies by the persistence of muscular cramps, especially of the face and abdomen, which cause these muscles to become set and as hard as wood. In tetanu
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_a_) is ulcerated and covered with yellowish cheesy particles. The supramammary lymphatic gland (_b_) is greatly enlarged and contains many miliary tubercular foci. * *
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e cure. The iodid of potassium is given in doses of 1-1/2 and 2-1/2 drams once a day, dissolved in water, and administered as a drench. The dose should vary somewhat with the size of
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5µ to 1µ. Hence it is described as polymorphic. It does not stain by Gram, but takes the ordinary anilin dyes, often presenting, especially the longer forms, a beaded appearance. A ch
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mouth make an excellent treatment. The internal administration of 2 grams of salicylic acid and 3 grams of chlorate of potassium three times a day has also proved to be very benefici
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ng the intestines with intestinal antiseptics, such as tannopin in 1 dram doses twice daily, and strengthening the animal by the use of stimulants such as strychnin in half-grain dose
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organisms apparently are in no way injurious. A species of fluke (_Paramphistomum cervi_ or a closely related species) is occasionally found in North American cattle, especially gras
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f fluke disease. Moussu states that the average dose for cattle is 1 gram of the extract for each 10 kilograms of live weight; that is, 10 grams for a young animal weighing 100 kilogr
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milk, protection from flies, 503 Cramps of hind limbs during pregnancy, cause, 162 Cranium, fracture, description and trea
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arts of body, cause, 109 _Paramphistonum cervi_, parasite affecting cattle, 519 Paraplegia, symptoms and treatment,
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, caused by twisted wireworm, treatment, 527 Pregnancy-- cramps of hind limbs during, cause, 162 duration,
aconite, description and treatment, 63
alkali, description and treatment, 59
animal products, description and treatment, 69
arsenic, description, symptoms, and treatment, 54
carbolic acid, description and treatment, 60
chapter by V. T. Atkinson, 51-72
coal oil, description and treatment, 59
copper, description and treatment, 56
fungi, description, 70
laurel, description and treatment, 65
lead, description, symptoms, and treatment, 55
loco weed, description and treatment, 67
mercury, description, symptoms, and treatment, 57
phosphorus, symptoms and treatment, 57
plant, description, 63
salt and saltpeter, description, symptoms, and treatment, 60-61
sources, 51
strychnin, description and treatment, 62
symptoms and treatment, 53
Poisonous--
fungi, description, 68
plants, description, 63-69
Poisons--
chapter by V. T. Atkinson, 51-72
description of action, 52
mineral, descriptions, 54-58
vegetables, uses as medicine, 61-71
_Polydesmus excitans_, effect on cattle, 13
Polypi--
description and treatment, 313
pharyngeal, description and treatment, 19
vagina or uterus, description and treatment, 157
Polyuria, causes and treatment, 118
Pork measles, note, 536
Potash, permanganate, use in production of formaldehyde gas, 365
Poverty jaw and scours, caused by twisted wireworm, treatment, 527
Pregnancy--
cramps of hind limbs during, cause, 162
duration, 160
signs, 157
Pregnant cow, hygiene, 160
Prepuce, calculi affecting, treatment, 144
Presentation of fetus, natural, 173
Pricks, hoof, treatment, 338
Probang, use in prevention of choking, 21
Prolapsus vaginÊ, description and treatment, 162
Proliferation cysts, description and treatment, 319
Prostration, heat, symptoms and treatment, 108
Protozoa--
as intestinal parasites, note, 526
definition, 359
Protrusion, vagina, description and treatment, 162
Pruritis, causes and treatment, 322
Pseudoplasm. _See_ Tumors.
Psoroptic mange, description and treatment, 513
_Pucinia arundinacea_, _P. coronata_, _P. graminis_,
_P. straminis_, effect on cattle, 13
Pulmonary congestion, treatment, 98
Pulse--
description, 74
examination, 90
Puncta lacrimalia of the eye, description, 344
Purulent periostitis, description and treatment, 266
Pustule--
description, causes, and treatment, 327
malignant, in man, description, 458
Pterygium, description and treatment, 349
Pyemia, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 395
Pyemic inflammation of joints in calves, description,
symptoms, and treatment, 251
Quarter-ill. _See_ Blackleg.
Rabies, cattle, description, symptoms, etc., 402-406
Rachitis. _See_ Rickets.
Ransom, B. H., chapter on "Animal parasites of cattle", 502-531
Rauschbrand. _See_ Blackleg.
Rectal injections, uses and methods, 9
Rectum--
full, obstruction to parturition, 178
method of administering medicines, 9
Red dysentery, note, 526
Red water, description, symptoms, and treatment, 119
Regulations, sanitary, for controlling Texas fever, 495
Renal calculi, description and treatment, 139
Rennet, hernia affecting, description and treatment, 38
Respiration--
examination, 89
organs, methods of diagnosis, 37
organs, noncontagious diseases affecting, chapter by
William H. Lowe, 87-100
Retina, eye, description, 342
Rheumatism--
articular and muscular, symptoms, prevention, and
treatment, 287, 288
intercostal muscles, description and treatment, 101
Rhode Island, foot-and-mouth disease, 387, 388
Ribs, fracture, cause and treatment, 281
Rickets--
description and treatment, 267
in young calves, description and treatment, 263
Rinderpest, description, cause, symptoms, etc., 379-383
Ringing, bull, method, 291
Ringworm, description, symptoms, and treatment, 332
Roundworms--
description, 524
eye, treatment, 531
intestine, kinds and treatment, 523
stomach, description, 519
Rumen--
distention with food, description and treatment, 22
hernia, description and cause, 37
Rumenotomy, description, 294
Rupture--
bladder, symptoms, 218
danger in castration of cattle, 300
heart, description, 82
womb, cause and treatment, 219
Ruptures--
and lacerations of the vagina, description and treatment, 219-220
description and cause, 37
Russia, foot-and-mouth disease, 382
_Saccharomyces albicans_, parasite of aphtha, or thrush, 263
Salivation--
cause, symptoms, and treatment, 15
symptoms of foot-and-mouth disease, 383
Salt, common, poisoning, description, symptoms, and treatment, 61
Saltpeter poisoning, description, symptoms, and treatment, 60
Salts, medicated, doubtful value against worms, 523
Sarcoma tumor, description and treatment, 315
Satyriasis in male, cause and treatment, 148
Scab, mange, itch, description of kinds and treatment, 513
Scabby teats, treatment, 243
Scalds, causes and treatment, 333
_Schistosoma bovis_, cause of bloody urine, 530
Scleroderma, description, 330
Sclerotic membrane of eye, description, 341
Scouring--
acute contagious, in newborn calves, description,
prevention, and treatment, 261
causes, symptoms, prevention, and treatment, 253-263
Scours--
and poverty jaw, caused by twisted wireworm, treatment, 519
causes, symptoms, and treatment, 32
Screens, use against flies, remarks, 503
Screwworms--
affecting animals, description and remedy, 506
control by dipping, 506
Scurf, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 329
Scurfy ears, cause and treatment, 356
Sebaceous cysts, description and treatment, 330
Sebaceous glands, location, 321
Seborrhea, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 329
Septicemia--
causes, symptoms, and treatment, 395
gangrenous, description, symptoms, and treatment, 472
hemorrhagic, causes, symptoms, etc, 397-401
hemorrhagic, control by vaccination, etc, 401
Septicemic inflammation of joints in calves, description,
symptoms, and treatment, 251
Serous cysts, description and treatment, 318
Serum, use against anthrax, 455
_Setaria labiato-papillosa_, embryo in blood, note, 529
Setoning, description and use, 293
Sheath--
calculi affecting, treatment, 144
inflammation, causes and treatment, 153
penis, inflammation from bruising, prevention and treatment, 155
Sheep, dose of vaccine against anthrax, 455
Shoulder joint, sprain, causes and treatment, 269
Skeleton, number of bones, 264
Skin--
description, 318
diseases, chapter by M. R. Trumbower, 320-334
gas or air under, symptoms and treatment, 334
glands, location and use, 321
inflammatory diseases, causes and treatment, 323
parasites affecting, description and treatment, 502-521
secretions and growths, descriptions, causes,
and treatment, 329-331
wounds, kinds, description and treatment, 333-334
Skull, fracture, description and treatment, 278
Slinking, calf, description, 165
Snake bites, description, symptoms, and treatment, 14, 69
Sore mouth--
characteristic differences from foot-and-mouth disease, 391-392
reference, 532
Sore throat, cause and treatment, 17, 93
Sore tongue, reference, 533
Soreness, foot, description and treatment, 335
Southern cattle fever. _See_ Texas fever.
Spanish-fly poisoning, description and treatment, 72
Spasm of the neck of the bladder, description and treatment, 128
Spavin, description and treatment, 284
Spaying, description of operation, 301
Spinal column, fracture, description and treatment, 279
Spinal cord--
congestion, description, symptom, and treatment, 110
description, 102
injuries, description, 109
Spleen--
diseases, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 44-45
inflammation, description, 45
Splenetic fever. _See_ Texas fever.
Splenitis, description, 45
Split hoof, description and treatment, 338
Sporadic--
aphthae, reference, 532
stomatitis aphthosa, reference, 532
Sprain--
fetlock, causes and treatment, 269
hip, cause and treatment, 270
shoulder joint, causes and treatment, 269
Sprains, description and treatment, 268
Squinting, description, 349
Stable flies (_Stomoxys calcitrans_), affecting cattle, 503
Stabling, value against stomach worms, 521-522
Staggers, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 103, 529
_Staphylococcus pyogenes aureus_ and _S. pyogenes citreus_,
bacteria of abscess, 237
Staphyloma, description, symptoms, and treatment, 348
Sterility, causes, 151
Stings--
venomous. _See_ Snake bites.
wasps and bees, description and treatment, 71
Stomach--
diseases affecting, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 22-34
fourth, affected with hernia, description and treatment, 38
hair balls in, 29
parasites affecting, treatment, 519, 524, 529
roundworms affecting, 524
traumatic inflammation, cause, symptoms, and treatment, 34
worm--
encysted, description and treatment, 523
sanitary measures for suppression, 521-522
worms, different kinds affecting cattle, 519
Stomatitis--
cause, symptoms, and treatment, 17
characteristic differences from foot-and-mouth disease, 391-393
mycotic. _See_ Mycotic stomatitis.
necrotic, description, symptoms, treatment, etc., 464-469
_Stomoxys calcitrans_ affecting cattle, 503
Stone--
bladder, obstruction to parturition, 178
bladder, symptoms and treatment, 142
description and causes, 130
effect of different feeds, 132-134
kidney, description and treatment, 139
Strabismus, description, 349
Straw, breeding place of stable fly, 503
_Streptococcus pyogenes_, bacteria of abscess, 237
String, navel, constricting member of fetus, description, 179
Stringy milk, cause and treatment, 242
_Strongylus micrurus_, parasite of verminous bronchitis, 100
Struma, cause, description, symptoms, and treatment, 310
Strychnin poisoning, description and treatment, 62
Sudorific glands, location and use, 321
Sugar in urine, description, 123
Sunstroke, symptoms and treatment, 108
Suppression, milk, cause and treatment, 241
Surfeit, description, causes, and treatment, 324
Surgery, discussion, 289
Surgical operations--
asepsis, importance, 289
chapter by William Dickson and William H. Lowe, 289-302
manner of securing the animals during, 290
uses of anesthesia, 289
Swamp lands, drainage as measure against fluke disease, 527
Sweat glands, location and use, 322
Sweden, foot-and-mouth disease, 386
Swelling of calf with gas, cause and treatment, 181
Switzerland, foot-and-mouth disease, 385
Symptomatic anthrax. _See_ Blackleg.
_TÊnia saginatÊ_, tapeworm cysts, presence in cattle, 529
Tail, wolf in, imaginary disease, 27
Tapeworm cysts, source of injury to cattle, 529
Tapeworms--
adult, of small intestine, species and remedy, 523
cysts in muscles of cattle, 529
cysts of liver, 527
Tarsus, fracture, description and treatment, 281
Teats--
blocked by calculus, treatment, 243
blocked by concretion of casein, cause and treatment, 243
blocked by warty and other growth inside,
description and treatment, 244
chapped, cause and treatment, 243
opening in the side, description and treatment, 245
scabby, treatment, 243
warts affecting, treatment, 243
Teeth--
caries, description, 16
irregularities, cause and treatment, 16
Temperature--
how to examine, 90
limits for dipping bath, 490
Test, tuberculin. _See_ Tuberculin test.
Testicles, congestion and inflammation, description and treatment, 152
Tetanus--
danger in castration of cattle, 300
reference, 405
Texas fever--
description, symptoms, prevention, etc, 475-501
immunization of northern cattle, 495
infection carried by the cattle tick (_Margaropus annulatus_), 480
injurious effect of ticks, 482
loss occasioned by cattle ticks, 483
methods of eradication, 487-500
nature of the disease, 476
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