SPECIAL REPORT ON DISEASES OF CATTLE TEXT

United States Bureau of Animal Industry · 1908 · 1.5 MB PUBLIC-DOMAIN BOOK BOOK DETAILS DOWNLOAD

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Page 1 2 matches 48 VII. Diagram of the circulation of the blood 86 VIII. Position of the lung Page 2 4 matches and irritation of the digestive tract. The rusts, such as _Puccinia graminis_, _P. straminis_, _P. Coronata_, and _P. arudinacea_, cause colic and diarrhea, and in some cases partial Page 3 1 match ean and the cavity injected once or twice daily with a solution of 1 dram of carbolic acid in 8 ounces of water. Under this treatment the pus may cease and the wound heal without comp Page 4 5 matches n to be used in such case is made up as follows: Sulphate of zinc, 1 dram; carbolic acid, 2 drams; glycerin, 2 ounces; water, 14 ounces; mix. It is clear that this operation requires Page 5 3 matches of 30 to 60 grains is good. Subnitrate of bismuth in doses of 1 to 2 drams may be given. Pulverized opium may be used, if the diarrhea is severe, in 1 to 2 dram doses. If the bowel mo Page 6 3 matches first 24 hours, divided into three doses, and afterwards he gives 6 drams three times daily. Opium in doses of 2 to 3 drams may be given. To bring on evacuations of the bowels it is Page 7 1 match chronic poisoning may result. The poisonous dose for an ox is from 3 drams to 1 ounce. _Symptoms._--The symptoms of acute poisoning first appear as those of colic; the animal is rest Page 8 2 matches symptoms have abated, iodid of potassium may be given, in doses of 2 drams each, three times a day for a week. No treatment is likely to be of avail until the cause is removed. COP Page 9 1 match y to be tedious. Tannin may be given internally in doses of one-half dram twice daily for a few days to neutralize the unabsorbed alkaloids of the ergot. At the same time give Page 10 3 matches e the branches of a tree), become smaller and smaller, and ultimately ramify into every part of the body. Between the ultimate ramifications of the arteries and the beginning of the v Page 11 1 match y, and rapid, labored breathing. It is caused by non-closure of the foramen ovale, connecting the right with the left side of the heart, and the consequent mixing of the venous with t Page 12 3 matches LOOD VESSELS, AND LYMPHATICS. DESCRIPTION OF PLATE. PLATE VII: Diagram illustrating the circulation of the blood. The arrows indicate the direction in which the blood flows. The va Page 13 10 matches orrhage is profuse and persistent, either a drench composed of 1-1/2 drams of acetate of lead dissolved in a pint of water or 1-1/2 drams of gallic acid dissolved in a pint of water s Page 14 4 matches tive tissue. Nerves divide and subdivide, sending off branches, which ramify in all parts of the body, and, as they near their terminations, they contain but one or two fibers. The b Page 15 7 matches e ascertained by pouring a little cold water into the mouth), give 3 drams of stronger liquor ammonia, diluted with a quart of cold water. Be very careful in drenching the animal when Page 16 5 matches ition to the wholesome dry food, and, by way of medicine, doses of 2 drams each of sulphate of iron and iodid of potassium may be given twice daily. In obstinate cases 2 drams ergot o Page 17 9 matches tincture of chlorid of iron, 2 drams, may be given in a pint of water thrice a day. In some cases 1 or 2 teaspoonfuls of oil of turpentine twice Page 18 4 matches After relief has been obtained the administration of belladonna in 2-dram doses daily for several days will tend to prevent a recurrence of the retention. When the body of the bladde Page 19 2 matches ge doses of laudanum (2 ounces) or of solid extract of belladonna (2 drams) will not only soothe the pain but relax the spasm and favor the onward passage of the calculus. The animal Page 21 4 matches Castile soap, or with a weak solution of sulphate of zinc (one-half dram to a quart of water). If these attentions are impossible, most cases, after cleansing, will do well if merely Page 22 4 matches after this the sore may be treated by a daily injection of one-half dram sulphate of zinc, 1 dram carbolic acid, and 1 quart milk-warm water. SIGNS OF PREGNANCY. If a cow remains Page 24 1 match is avoids danger of exposure and yet leaves the whole arm free and untrammeled. Before inserting the hand it and the arm should be smeared with oil, lard, or vaseline, care being take Page 25 2 matches ould be washed frequently with an antiseptic lotion (carbolic acid 1 dram in 1 quart of water). CONSTRICTION OF A MEMBER BY THE NAVEL STRING. In early fetal life the winding of the Page 27 2 matches the pelvis or in the openings in the bones of its floor (obturator foramina) will give sufficient purchase for extraction. Another method is to insert a knife between the bone of the Page 30 5 matches acid, or acetate of lead) may be thrown into the womb, and one-half-dram doses of acetate of lead may be given by the mouth, or 1 ounce powdered ergot of rye may be given in gruel. W Page 31 6 matches ree are not without danger. Ergot of rye, 1 ounce, or its extract, 1 dram, may be resorted to to induce contraction of the womb. The mechanical extraction of the membranes is, however Page 32 1 match he teats and milk ducts with a solution of iodid of potassium (1-1/2 drams to 1 quart of water). This reduced the mortality to 17 per cent. Others followed this lead by the injection Page 33 4 matches cted part is often fatal. It demands antiseptics (chlorid of zinc, 1 dram to 1 quart water) applied frequently to the part, or, if the case can not be attended, smear the affected qua Page 34 5 matches acters. By fencing the spring in and giving the affected cows each 2 drams bisulphite of soda daily, the trouble was arrested promptly and permanently. CHAPPED TEATS. These may be Page 35 4 matches ily with tincture of iodin, or an ointment of biniodid of mercury (1 dram) and lard (2 ounces) may be rubbed on the affected joints daily until they are blistered. In case of swelling Page 36 9 matches elled in this way, carminatives and demulcent agents may be given--1 dram of anise water, 1 dram nitrate of bismuth, and 1 dram of gum arabic, three times a day. Under such course the Page 37 3 matches branches of blood vessels which pass into the bones through holes (foramina) on their surface and are distributed in the soft structure (medulla) of the inside. The structure of the Page 38 2 matches mined. If the animal is young, valuable, and of reasonably quiet temperament, and the fracture is not too great in extent, the chances of recovery are fair. On the other hand, if the Page 39 3 matches l soon be noticeable. FRACTURES OF THE PELVIS.--The pelvis, or bony framework which gives shape to the posterior part of the body, is liable to fracture in many ways. A common one is Page 41 1 match e operation will better fit him for his work by so modifying his temperament and physical condition that he may easily be controlled by his master. Again, if he is merely to be used f Page 42 1 match of the organism together; bony tumors add nothing to the supporting framework of the body; the tissue of fatty tumors never serves as a storehouse of feed and energy; the cells of an Page 43 2 matches o the swelling. Injections of iodin solution, 5 grains of iodin in 1 dram of 25 per cent alcohol, may also be made into the substance of the gland. When the swelling which follows thi Page 45 5 matches xposing the exuding dermis, an application of boric-acid solution, 2 drams of the acid to 8 ounces of water, often relieves the smarting or itching, and also serves to check the exuda Page 46 1 match ed much shock, the animal may require internal stimulants, such as 2 drams of carbonate of ammonia every hour until it rallies. When the pain is very great, hypodermic injections of 6 Page 47 2 matches elieve it from foreign bodies which may fall upon it. It has for its framework a fibro-cartilage, irregular in shape, thick, nearly prismatic at its base, and thin anteriorly where it Page 48 5 matches onics may be given in the feed, namely, powdered sulphate of iron, 1 dram; gentian, 2 drams; nux vomica, one-half dram; to be given twice a day. In cases of rheumatism, one-half ounce Page 51 1 match s._--Owing to the complexity of the structure of the lung tissue, its ramifications of bronchial tubes and blood vessels, and its abundant supply of lymphatics, the pathological chang Page 54 4 matches ourse of the disease headache, pain in the limbs, vertigo, abdominal cramps, vomiting, diarrhea, and weakness are occasionally observed. The disease is seldom fatal, usually appearing Page 56 1 match readily be differentiated from rabies by the persistence of muscular cramps, especially of the face and abdomen, which cause these muscles to become set and as hard as wood. In tetanu Page 57 1 match _a_) is ulcerated and covered with yellowish cheesy particles. The supramammary lymphatic gland (_b_) is greatly enlarged and contains many miliary tubercular foci. * * Page 62 6 matches e cure. The iodid of potassium is given in doses of 1-1/2 and 2-1/2 drams once a day, dissolved in water, and administered as a drench. The dose should vary somewhat with the size of Page 64 2 matches 5µ to 1µ. Hence it is described as polymorphic. It does not stain by Gram, but takes the ordinary anilin dyes, often presenting, especially the longer forms, a beaded appearance. A ch Page 65 3 matches mouth make an excellent treatment. The internal administration of 2 grams of salicylic acid and 3 grams of chlorate of potassium three times a day has also proved to be very benefici Page 69 1 match ng the intestines with intestinal antiseptics, such as tannopin in 1 dram doses twice daily, and strengthening the animal by the use of stimulants such as strychnin in half-grain dose Page 72 2 matches organisms apparently are in no way injurious. A species of fluke (_Paramphistomum cervi_ or a closely related species) is occasionally found in North American cattle, especially gras Page 73 6 matches f fluke disease. Moussu states that the average dose for cattle is 1 gram of the extract for each 10 kilograms of live weight; that is, 10 grams for a young animal weighing 100 kilogr Page 75 1 match milk, protection from flies, 503 Cramps of hind limbs during pregnancy, cause, 162 Cranium, fracture, description and trea Page 77 1 match arts of body, cause, 109 _Paramphistonum cervi_, parasite affecting cattle, 519 Paraplegia, symptoms and treatment, Page 78 3 matches , caused by twisted wireworm, treatment, 527 Pregnancy-- cramps of hind limbs during, cause, 162 duration,

period of incubation of ticks, 486 prevention, 487 quarantine regulations, 495 symptoms and pathological changes after death, 478-480 tick eradication, plan of work, 487 Threadworms in abdominal cavity of cattle, 529 Throat, sore, symptoms, causes, and treatment, 17 Thrombosis, description and symptoms, 85 Thrush-- calf, description and treatment, 263 parasite (_Saccharomyces albicans_), cause, 263 Ticks-- cattle, time required to kill, 488 ear, 518 injury to cattle hides, 484 parasites of cattle, note, 502 _See also_ Cattle tick; Texas fever. _Tilletia caries_ in wheat, effect on cattle, 13 _Tinea favosa_, description, symptoms, and treatment, 332 _Tinea tonsurans_, description, symptoms, and treatment, 332 Tracheotomy, description, 294 Traumatic inflammation of the stomach, cause, symptoms, and treatment, 34 Trichiasis, treatment, 350 _Trichodectes scalaris_ (red louse), description and treatment, 513 _Trichophyton tonsurans_, fungus causing _Tinea tonsurans_, 332 Trumbower, M. R.-- chapter on "Diseases of the ear", 353-357 chapter on "Diseases of the eye and its appendages", 340-354 chapter on "Diseases of the foot", 335-339 chapter on "Diseases of the skin", 320-334 _Trypanosoma brucei_, cause of nagana, or tsetse-fly disease, 500 Tsetse-fly disease, description, symptoms, and treatment, 500 Tuberculin test-- description and history, 417 harmless to healthy animals, 426 summary of directions for making, 427 _Tuberculosis_-- bovine, and public health, 430 cause and nature of disease, 411 occurrence, 407 statistics of tests in United States, 410 symptoms and diagnosis, 416-417 transmissibility of human and bovine, 432 treatment, 428 Tumor-- bony, description and treatment, 314 chrondroma, description and treatment, 314 fibroma, description and treatment, 311 hairy, on eyeball, description and treatment, 349 lipoma, description and treatment, 314 sarcoma, description and treatment, 315 Tumors-- brain, description, 112 calf, description and treatment, 181 cattle, chapter by John R. Mohler, 303-319 definition and description, 303 description, 303, 305, 307 description of kinds, 309 diagnosis, 308 eyelid, description and treatment, 350 general treatment, 309 kidney, description, 128 malignant and benign, description, 306 orbit, cause and treatment, 353 pharynx, description and treatment, 19 Twisted stomach worms, description and treatment, 519-523 Twisting-- and knotting of the bowels, causes, symptoms, post-mortem appearance, and treatment, 35 of the neck of the womb, description and treatment, 176 Tympanites-- acute, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 22 chronic, causes and treatment, 25 Udder-- congestion, description and treatment, 233 contagious inflammation affecting, description, prevention, and treatment, 237 inflammation, description, symptoms, and treatment, 234 Ulceration, heel, causes and treatment, 337 Ulcerative stomatitis. _See_ Necrotic stomatitis. Ulcers-- calves. _See_ Necrotic stomatitis. cornea, cause, symptoms, and treatment, 347 penis, cause and treatment, 157 Umbilical hernia-- description, causes, and treatment, 39 symptoms and treatment, 252 Umbilical phlebitis, description, causes, and treatment, 249 Urachus-- inflammation, causes and treatment, 248 persistent, description and treatment, 248 Ureteral calculi, description and treatment, 139 Urethra, inflammation affecting, description and treatment, 156 Urethral calculus, symptoms and treatment, 142 Urinary calculi-- classification, 138 description and causes, 130, 137 effect of different feeds, 133 Urinary disorders, symptoms, 118 Urinary organs-- diseases, chapter by James Law, 113-146 functions, 113 Urine-- albumin in, description and treatment, 121 amount passed daily, 115 analyses under different rations, 114 bloody, caused by blood flukes, 526 bloody, description, symptoms, and treatment, 119 cow, analysis, 114 discharged through navel, description and treatment, 248 excessive secretion, cause and treatment, 118 incontinence, cause and treatment, 130 ox, analysis, 115 retention, effect, cause, and treatment, 128 sugar in, description, 123 Urticaria, description, causes and treatment, 124 Uruguay, foot-and-mouth disease, 386 Uterus-- hernia affecting, cause and treatment, 162 polypus affecting, description and treatment, 157 Vaccination, disadvantages in use against anthrax, 457 Vaccine-- anthrax, care and use, 457 blackleg, free distribution, note, 463 preparation and use against hemorrhagic septicemia, 395 Vagina-- clots of blood on walls, description and treatment, 220 inflammation, causes and treatment, 223 lacerations and rupture, description and treatment, 219 polypus affecting, description and treatment, 157 _VaginÊ prolapsus_, description and treatment, 162 Vaginal walls, affected with coagulated blood after calving, treatment, 179 Vaginitis, causes and treatment, 223 Valves, heart, diseases affecting, symptoms and treatment, 80 Variola, description, symptoms, and treatment, 438 Vegetable-- acids, poisonous, description and treatment, 58 poisons-- note, 61 uses as medicine, description, symptoms, and treatment, 61-69 Veins-- inflammation, description and treatment, 86 wounds, description and treatment, 83 Venereal desire, diminution or loss, cause, prevention, and treatment, 149 Venereal excess, cause and treatment, 148 Venomous stings. _See_ Snake bites. Ventral hernia, description and causes, 37 Verminous bronchitis-- description, symptoms, and prevention, 100 _parasites_ causing, 100 Vermont, foot-and-mouth disease, 387 Verruca, description, cause, and treatment, 331 Vertebra, fracture, description, and treatment, 279 Vesical calculus, symptoms and treatment, 142 Vesicular eruption of genital organs, description, symptoms, and treatment, 401 Vesicular exanthema, symptoms and treatment, 401 Veterinarians, views on foot-and-mouth disease in man, 395 Virginia, foot-and-mouth disease, 388 Vitreous humor of the eye, description, 342 Vomiting, symptoms, cause, and treatment, 27 Wall, hoof, fissure, description and treatment, 338 Warble fly-- damages, estimate, 510 European species, appearance in United States, 510 Warbles-- description and treatment, 507 penetration of skins of cattle, 508 reference, 333 Warts-- description, causes, and treatment, 312, 331 penis, treatment, 156 teats, treatment, 243 Washington, foot-and-mouth disease, 388 Wasp stings, description and treatment, 71 Water-- blisters, symptoms and treatment, 328 cold, drinking, a cause of indigestion, symptoms and treatment, 33 head of calf, description and treatment, 179 Weather, relation to occurrence of mycotic stomatitis, 392 Wens, description and treatment, 330 West Virginia, foot-and-mouth disease, 388 Wisconsin, foot-and-mouth disease, 388 Withers, casting, cause and treatment, 215 Wolf in the tail, imaginary disease, 27 Womb-- bleeding from, description, symptoms, and treatment, 214 dropsy, description and treatment, 162 eversion, cause and treatment, 215 fetus developing outside, description and treatment, 163 inflammation, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 224 mouth, induration, description and treatment, 176 rupture, cause and treatment, 219 twisting of neck, description and treatment, 176 Wooden tongue. _See_ Actinomycosis. Wood-ill, description, symptoms, and treatment, 119 Worm-- encysted stomach, description and treatment, 523 eye, description and treatment, 349 Worms-- bladder, description, 528 lung, of cattle, description and treatment, 530 screw, description and remedies, 506 thread, in abdominal cavity of cattle, 529 twisted stomach, description and treatment, 519-520 Wounds-- abdomen, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 43 arteries and veins, description and treatment, 83 contused and lacerated, description and treatment, 298 contusions of the lips and snake bites of mouth, description and treatment, 14 danger of infection from foot-and-mouth disease, 394 drainage, necessity, 298 gullet, description and treatment, 22 healing, treatment and dressing, description, 298 hoof, treatment, 338 incised-- description and treatment, 295 punctured, and lacerated, description and treatment, 295-299 mouth, snake bites and contusions of lips, treatment, 14 penis, cause and treatment, 156 skin, kinds, description, and treatment, 333-334 treatment, summary of care after dressing, 298 Yellows, description, symptoms, and treatment, 44 Zinc poisoning, description and treatment, 57 ADDITIONAL COPIES OF THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE PROCURED FROM THE SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON, D. C. AT $1.00 PER COPY

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PUBLIC-DOMAIN BOOK Special Report on Diseases of Cattle United States Bureau of Animal Industryprimary

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