TALKS ON MANURES A SERIES OF FAMILIAR AND PRACTICAL TALKS BETWEEN THE AUTHOR AND THE DEACON, THE DOCTOR, AND OTHER NEIGHBORS, ON THE WHOLE SUBJECT
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o the American Farmer.-- The growth of Wheat Year after Year on the same Land, unmanured, with Farm-yard Manure, and with various Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers.
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immediately active and available. It is unquestionably true, that the same amount of nitrogen in barn-yard manure, will not produce so great an effect as its theoretical value would in
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for twenty-seven years, there has been a great loss of nitrogen. The same remarks apply to this case. No one ever advocates summer-fallowing land every other year, and sowing nothing
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d grass, root, stem, and branch, all are composed or made up of these same dozen elements. If I ask you what bread is made of, you say it is composed of the dozen elements aforesaid. I
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refreshes the plants, and fills the leaves with sap, precisely in the same way. All these fertilizing effects, however, belong to climate. It is inaccurate to associate either mulching
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and on the other. This will give you some good, rich muck, and at the same time drain your swamp. Then cut some _under-drains_ from _y_ towards the higher land at _w_, _v_, and _h_, an
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om the soil. In this way the “condition” of the soil would remain the same. If we sell _less_ than we develop, the condition of the soil will improve. By “condition,” I mean the amoun
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ed at the breweries with the “grains,” and are sold to milkmen at the same price--from 12 to 15 cents per bushel. Where their value is not known, they can, doubtless, be sometimes obta
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enting in an exposed heap for six months, it still contains about the same _percentage_ of water. When kept in the heap until August, the percentage of water is much greater. Of four t
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gen, and 30¾ lbs. of soluble mineral matter. If they buy a ton of the same manure that has been kept under cover until February, they get, nitrogen, 15 lbs.; soluble minerals, 42½ lbs.
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, and the manure becomes rapidly deteriorated in value, whilst at the same time it is diminished in weight. “21. Well-rotten dung is more readily affected by the deteriorating influen
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garden, more than two loads of the straw and corn manure. To get the same amount of nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and potash, you have to spend more than twice the labor in cleaning out
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imes, when comparatively dry, we use the refuse sheep bedding for the same purpose. Where the sheep barn is contiguous to the pig-pens, and when the sheep bedding can be thrown at once
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iately available. It makes it more soluble. We ferment manure for the same reason that we decompose bone-dust or mineral phosphates with sulphuric acid, and convert them into superphos
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nd in the manure.” How to keep cows tied up in the barn, and at the same time save all the urine, is one of the most difficult problems I have to deal with in the management of manur
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nd supporting 20 cows, would give us a gross return of $1,204.50. The same farm so improved as to produce 2¼ tons of hay or its equivalent, per acre--fed to 20 cows _capable of eating,
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this, his land has been growing richer and richer. And, in fact, the same is true of Mr. Geddes’ farm. It is richer land to-day than when first plowed, while there is one field that f
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80.4 ” ” ” ” Fresh solid cow-dung contains, according to the same authority, 90 per cent of water. I have frequently seen manure drawn out in the spring, that had not been de
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arch, April, May, and June, than wheat; and, consequently, to get the same amount of food, it is not necessary that the clover should have as much nitrogen, phosphoric acid, potash, et
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es of wheat, and as much potash as the produce from five acres of the same crop. Clover thus unquestionably removes from the land very much more mineral matter than does wheat; wheat,
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s, containing 61 lbs. of nitrogen; that is, there was very nearly the same quantity of roots and nitrogen in them, as that furnished in the soil from the brow of the hill. “The roots,
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f nitrogen per acre, that is, considerably more than was found in the same section of the soil where the clover was mown twice for hay; showing plainly, that during the ripening of the
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cre, and contained 100 lbs. of nitrogen. A few yards distance, on the same soil, where the clover was bad, the acre of roots contained only 31 lbs. of nitrogen per acre. So far, so go
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ments at Rothamsted on the Growth of Wheat, Year After Year, on the Same Land. Table 1.--Manures And Produce; 1st Season, 1843-4. Manures and Seed (Old Red Lammas) Sown Autumn 1
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f manure again in 1845?” “Precisely that, Deacon,” said I, “and this same plot has received this amount of manure every year since, up to the present time--for these same experiments
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of corn and 789 lbs. of straw, which was the increase obtained by the same amount of ammoniacal salt on 10_a_, as compared with 10_b_. “It will be observed, however, that in the forme
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monia-salts alone on plot 10_a_, gave 19¼ bushels per acre, while the same quantity of ammonia, with superphosphate in addition, gave, on plot 9_b_, 25 bushels per acre. The addition
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--“What have you here?” --“Ammonia,” said I; and at 6_b_ he asked the same question, and I replied “ammonia.” At 7_a_, the same question and the same answer. Standing between 7_b_ and
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that the next year and the year after, the salt _was_ applied at the same time as the other manures. It gave an increase of 94 lbs. of grain and 61 lbs. of straw in 1851, but the foll
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uite 29 bushels per acre, and only weighed 55 lbs. per bushel. On the same plot, the year before, with precisely the same manure, the yield was nearly 37 bushels per acre, and the weig
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e consider that this is the twentieth wheat-crop in succession on the same land, these figures are certainly remarkable. “They are so,” said the Deacon, “and what to me is the most su
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king them together in a bottle, and allowing the soil to subside, the same result was obtained. The action, therefore, was in no way referable to any physical law brought into operatio
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s in the spring assumed a rich, dark green color. I have observed the same effect where coal-ashes were spread on grass-land; and I have thought that the apparent benefit was due large
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shes Experiments on the Growth of Barley, Year After Year, on the Same Land, Without Manure, and With Different Descriptions of Manure, Hoos Field, Rothamsted, England. Tabl
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rs.] Experiments on the Growth of Barley, Year After Year, on the Same Land, Without Manure, and With Different Descriptions of Manure, Hoos Field, Rothamsted, England. Tabl
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traw. “That will do,” said the Deacon, “but I see that in 1857, this same plot, with the same manure, produced 66½ bushels of dressed grain per acre, weighing 53½ lbs. to the bushel,
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nips does not enrich land for grain crops. Turnips were grown on the same land, year after year, for ten years. The land was then plowed and sown to barley for three years. The follow
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them. In 1857, I made the following experiments on potatoes, in the same field on which the preceding experiment was made in 1852. In this case, as before, the land was a two-year-o
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n autumn, has afforded a yield of about 70 bushels per acre, when the same amount applied in spring, gave only 50 bushels. A thin coating of manure applied to winter-wheat at the time
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And such facts and experiments as we have, seem to indicate that the same is also true of Indian corn. It is, at any rate, reasonable to suppose that, as Indian corn belongs to the sa
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Plot 10, with 400 lbs. of unleached wood-ashes per acre, produces the same quantity of _sound corn_, with an extra bushel of ‘nubbins’ per acre, as plot 1, without any manure at all; a
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gave an increase of 14½ tons per acre. And the following year, on the same land, it gave an increase of 13½ tons; and the next year, on the same land, over 9 tons.” “Yes,” said I, “th
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res did any good. Ellwanger & Barry also tried them, and reported the same negative result. This was several years ago, and I do not think any similar experiments have been made since.
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e land_, $1.06. “A ton of the fresh fæces,” said the Deacon, “at the same estimate, would be worth (20 lbs. nitrogen, at 20 cents, $4; 21¾ lbs. phosphoric acid, at 12½ cents, $2.70),
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ticle.” As to whether it is better, when you can buy nitrogen at the same price in nitrate of soda as you can in sulphate of ammonia, to use the one or the other will depend on circum
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crop of wheat. And the experience of farmers everywhere tends in the same direction. England is the greatest turnip-growing country in the world, and you will find that where one farm
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e, this was to be expected, and they had expected it much sooner. The same with wheat; he expected the end would come in a few years, but they had now gone on between 30 and 40 years.
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y giving to it the food necessary to grow good grasses, sowing at the same time a small quantity of the best seeds. I further suggested that a flock of sheep should be allowed to run o
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se in the fall for wheat, on land that has been cropped with oats the same year. The manure put on for potatoes is generally estimated to enrich the land sufficient for it to produce o
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ng for, 35-168 ” the 20th Crop on Same Land, 213 ” Top-dressing for, 270 ”
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value.” “Suppose, Deacon,” said he _quotation marks as in original (same speaker)_ carbonaceous matter and water, of little or no value?” _text has question mark after close quote_
(In) Resp(iration, etc).
100 Total Dry (Substance of Food supply.)
(In) Inc(rease).
Amount (of each constituent) stored (up for 100 of it consumed).
----------------------------------------------------------------------
OXEN.
---------------------+-----------------------++----------------++-----
| 250/600/3500 || 100 Total Dry || A S
+----+-----+-----+------++-----+----+-----++ m t
|Food|100 I| Man.|Resp. || Inc.|Man.|Resp.|| t d.
---------------------+----+-----+-----+------++-----+----+-----++-----
|lbs.| lbs.| lbs.| lbs. || | | ||
Nitrogenous substance| 218| 9.0}| | { || 0.8}| | {|| 4.1
Non-Nitrogenous | | }|323.0| 636{ || }|29.1|57.3{||
substance | 808|58.0}| | { || 5.2}| | {|| 7.2
Mineral Matter | 83| 1.6 | 81.4| .. || 0.2 | 7.4| .. || 1.9
Total dry substance |1109|68.6 |404.4| 636 || 6.2 |36.5|57.3 || ..
---------------------+----+-----+-----+------++-----+----+-----++-----
SHEEP.
---------------------+-----------------------++----------------++-----
| 250/300/4000 || 100 Total Dry || A S
+----+-----+-----+------++-----+----+-----++ m t
|Food|100 I| Man.|Resp. || Inc.|Man.|Resp.|| t d.
---------------------+----+-----+-----+------++-----+----+-----++-----
|lbs.| lbs.| lbs.| lbs. || | | ||
Nitrogenous substance|177 | 7.5}| {| {|| 0.8}| | {|| 4.2
Non-Nitrogenous | | }| 229{|548.5{|| }|25.1|60.1{||
substance |671 |63.0}| {| {|| 7.0}| | {|| 9.4
Mineral Matter | 64 | 2.0 | 62 | .. || 0.2 | 6.8| .. || 3.1
Total dry substance |912 |72.5 | 291 |548.5 || 8.0 |31.9|60.1 || ..
---------------------+----+-----+-----+------++-----+----+-----++-----
PIGS.
---------------------+-----------------------++----------------++-----
| 500 lbs. Barley meal || 100 Total Dry || A S
+----+-----+-----+------++-----+----+-----++ m t
|Food|100 I| Man.|Resp. || Inc.|Man.|Resp.|| t d.
---------------------+----+-----+-----+------++-----+----+-----++-----
|lbs.| lbs.| lbs.| lbs. || | | ||
Nitrogenous substance| 52| 7.0}| {| {|| 1.7}| | {||13.5
Non-Nitrogenous | | }|59.8{|276.2{|| }|14.3|65.7{||
substance | 357|66.0}| {| {||15.7}| | {||18.5
Mineral Matter | 11| 0.8 |10.2 | .. || 0.2 | 2.4| .. || 7.3
Total dry substance | 420|73.8 |70.0 |276.2 ||17.6 |16.7|65.7 || ..
---------------------+----+-----+-----+------++-----+----+-----++-----
In the last edition of his book on Manure, “Praktische Düngerlehre,”
Dr. Emil Wolff, gives the following tables:
Of 100 lbs. of _dry substance_ in the food, there is found in the
excrements:
--------------------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------
Dry Substance. | _Cow_ | _Ox_ | _Sheep_ | _Horse_ | _Mean_
--------------------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------
In the Dung |38.0 lbs.|45.6 lbs.|46.9 lbs.|42.0 lbs.|43.1 lbs.
In the Urine | 9.1 ” | 5.8 ” | 6.6 ” | 3.6 ” | 6.3 ”
Total dry substance | | | | |
in the Manure |47.1 ” |51.4 ” |53.5 ” |45.6 ” |49.4 ”
--------------------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------
Of 100 lbs. of _organic substance_ in the food, there is found in the
excrements:
----------------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------
Organic | _Cow_ | _Ox_ | _Sheep_ | _Horse_ | _Mean_
Substance. | | | | |
----------------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------
In the Dung |36.5 lbs.|43.9 lbs.|45.6 lbs.|38.2 lbs.|41.0 lbs.
In the Urine | 6.0 ” | 3.2 ” | 3.9 ” | 2.5 ” | 3.9 ”
Total organic | | | | |
substance | | | | |
in Manure |42.5 ” |47.1 ” |49.5 ” |40.7 ” |44.9 ”
----------------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------
Of 100 lbs. of _nitrogen_ in the food, there is found in the excrements:
----------------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------
Nitrogen. | _Cow_ | _Ox_ | _Sheep_ | _Horse_ | _Mean_
----------------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------
In the Dung |45.5 lbs.|51.0 lbs.|43.7 lbs.|56.1 lbs.|49.1 lbs.
In the Urine |18.3 ” |38.6 ” |51.8 ” |27.3 ” |34.0 ”
Total Nitrogen | | | | |
in Manure |63.8 ” |89.6 ” |95.5 ” |83.4 ” |83.1 ”
----------------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------
Of 100 lbs. _mineral matter_ in the food, there is found in the
excrements:
--------------------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------
Mineral Matter. | _Cow_ | _Ox_ | _Sheep_ | _Horse_ | _Mean_
--------------------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------
In the Dung |53.9 lbs.|70.8 lbs.|63.2 lbs.|85.6 lbs.|68.4 lbs.
In the Urine |43.1 ” |46.7 ” |40.3 ” |16.3 ” |35.1 ”
Total mineral | | | | |
matter in Manure |97.0 ” |117. 5 ” |103. 5 ” |101.9 ” |103. 5 ”
--------------------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------
The excess of mineral matter is due to the mineral matter in the water
drank by the animals.
The following tables of analyses are copied in full from the last
edition (1875), of Dr. Emil Wolff’s _Praktische Düngerlehre_.
The figures differ materially in many cases from those previously
published. They represent the average results of numerous reliable
analyses, and are sufficiently accurate for all practical purposes
connected with the subject of manures. In special cases, it will be
well to consult actual analyses of the articles to be used.
I.--TABLES FOR CALCULATING THE EXHAUSTION AND ENRICHING OF SOILS.
A.--HARVEST PRODUCTS AND VARIOUS MANUFACTURED ARTICLES. Average quantity
of water, nitrogen, and total ash, and the different ingredients of the
ash in 1000 lbs. of fresh or air-dried substance.
W Water.
N Nitrogen.
A Ash.
P Potash.
S Soda.
L Lime.
M Magnesia.
PhA Phosphoric Acid.
SA Sulphuric Acid.
S&S Silica and Sand.
------------------+----+----+-----+----+----+----+----+----+----+-----
Substance. | W | N | A | P | S | L | M |PhA | SA | S&S
------------------+----+----+-----+----+----+----+----+----+----+-----
I.--HAY.
Meadow Hay |143 |15.5| 51.5|13.2| 2.3| 8.6| 3.3| 4.1| 2.4| 13.9
Rye Grass |143 |16.3| 58.2|20.2| 2.0| 4.3| 1.3| 6.2| 2.3| 18.5
Timothy |143 |15.5| 62.1|20.4| 1.5| 4.5| 1.9| 7.2| 1.8| 22.1
Moharhay |134 |17.3| 58.4|21.2| 1.2| 6.1| 5.4| 3.4| 2.1| 16.3
Red Clover |160 |19.7| 56.9|18.3| 1.2|20.0| 6.1| 5.6| 1.7| 1.4
Red Clover, ripe |150 |12.5| 44.0| 9.8| 1.4|15.6| 6.8| 4.3| 1.3| 3.0
White Clover |165 |23.2| 59.8|10.1| 4.5|19.3| 6.0| 8.4| 4.9| 2.5
Alsike Clover |160 |24.0| 39.7|11.0| 1.2|13.5| 5.0| 4.0| 1.6| 1.6
Crimson Clover |167 |19.5| 50.7|11.7| 4.3|16.0| 3.1| 3.6| 1.3| 8.2
Lucern |160 |23.0| 62.1|15.3| 1.3|26.2| 3.3| 5.5| 3.7| 3.8
Esparsette |167 |21.3| 45.8|13.0| 1.5|16.8| 3.0| 4.6| 1.4| 3.7
Yellow Clover |167 |22.1| 55.7|11.9| 1.3|32.6| 2.1| 4.3| 1.0| 1.5
Green Vetch Hay |167 |22.7| 83.7|28.3| 5.6|22.8| 5.4|10.7| 2.8| 4.9
Green Pea Hay |167 |22.9| 62.4|23.2| 2.3|15.6| 6.3| 6.8| 5.1| 0.9
Spurry |167 |19.2| 56.8|19.9| 4.6|10.9| 6.9| 8.4| 2.0| 0.8
II.--GREEN FODDER.
Meadow Grass |700 | 5.4| 18.1| 4.6| 0.8| 3.0| 1.1| 1.5| 0.8| 4.9
in bloom | | | | | | | | | |
Young Grass |800 | 5.6| 20.7|11.6| 0.4| 2.2| 0.6| 2.2| 0.8| 2.1
Rye Grass |734 | 5.7| 20.4| 7.2| 0.7| 1.5| 0.4| 2.2| 0.8| 6.5
Timothy Grass |700 | 5.4| 21.6| 7.4| 0.5| 1.6| 0.7| 2.5| 0.6| 7.7
Rye-Fodder |760 | 5.3| 16.3| 6.3| 0.1| 1.2| 0.5| 2.4| 0.2| 5.2
Green Oats |810 | 3.7| 18.8| 7.5| 0.6| 1.2| 0.6| 1.7| 0.6| 5.7
Green Corn-Fodder |822 | 1.9| 12.0| 4.3| 0.5| 1.6| 1.4| 1.3| 0.4| 1.7
Sorghum |773 | 4.0| 13.0| 3.6| 1.8| 1.2| 0.5| 0.8| 0.4| 3.7
Moharhay |700 | 5.9| 13.9| 5.0| 0.3| 1.4| 1.3| 0.8| 0.5| 3.9
Red Clover |780 | 5.1| 13.7| 4.4| 0.3| 4.8| 1.5| 1.4| 0.4| 0.3
in blossom | | | | | | | | | |
” ” | | | | | | | | | |
before ” |830 | 5.3| 14.5| 5.3| 0.3| 4.2| 1.5| 1.7| 0.3| 0.4
White Clover |805 | 5.6| 13.6| 2.3| 1.0| 4.4| 1.4| 1.9| 1.1| 0.6
Alsike Clover |820 | 5.3| 8.8| 2.4| 0.3| 3.0| 1.1| 0.9| 0.4| 0.4
Crimson Clover |815 | 4.3| 12.2| 2.8| 1.0| 3.8| 0.7| 0.9| 0.3| 2.0
Lucern |740 | 7.2| 18.7| 4.6| 0.4| 7.9| 1.0| 1.6| 1.1| 1.1
Esparsette |800 | 5.1| 12.1| 3.4| 0.4| 4.4| 0.8| 1.2| 0.4| 1.0
Yellow Clover |830 | 4.5| 14.7| 3.2| 0.3| 8.6| 0.6| 1.1| 0.3| 0.4
Green Vetch |820 | 5.6| 18.1| 6.1| 1.2| 4.9| 1.2| 2.3| 0.6| 1.1
Green Peas |815 | 5.1| 13.9| 5.1| 0.5| 3.5| 1.4| 1.5| 1.1| 0.2
Green Rape |870 | 4.6| 12.2| 4.0| 0.4| 2.7| 0.5| 1.4| 1.7| 0.6
Spurry |800 | 3.7| 12.2| 4.3| 1.0| 2.3| 1.5| 1.8| 0.4| 0.2
III.--ROOT CROPS.
Potatoes |750 | 3.4| 9.4| 5.7| 0.2| 0.2| 0.4| 1.6| 0.6| 0.2
Jerusalem |800 | 3.2| 9.8| 4.7| 1.0| 0.3| 0.3| 1.4| 0.5| 1.0
Artichoke | | | | | | | | | |
Mangel-wurzel |880 | 1.8| 7.5| 4.1| 1.2| 0.3| 0.3| 0.6| 0.2| 0.2
Sugar Beets |815 | 1.6| 7.1| 3.9| 0.7| 0.4| 0.5| 0.8| 0.3| 0.1
Turnips |920 | 1.8| 7.3| 3.3| 0.7| 0.8| 0.3| 0.9| 0.8| 0.1
Carrots |850 | 2.2| 7.8| 2.8| 1.7| 0.9| 0.4| 1.0| 0.5| 0.2
Russia Turnips |870 | 2.1| 11.6| 4.7| 1.2| 1.3| 0.3| 1.7| 1.5| 0.1
Succory |800 | 2.5| 6.7| 2.6| 1.1| 0.5| 0.3| 0.8| 0.5| 0.3
Sugar Beet, upper | | | | | | | | | |
part of root |840 | 2.0| 9.6| 2.8| 2.3| 0.9| 1.1| 1.2| 0.7| 0.2
IV.--LEAVES & STEMS OF ROOT CROPS.
Potato Vines, |770 | 4.9| 19.7| 4.3| 0.4| 6.4| 3.3| 1.6| 1.3| 0.9
nearly ripe | | | | | | | | | |
Potato Vines, | | | | | | | | | |
unripe |825 | 6.3| 16.5| 4.4| 0.3| 5.1| 2.4| 1.2| 0.8| 1.2
Jerusalem | | | | | | | | | |
Artichoke |800 | 5.3| 14.5| 3.1| 0.2| 5.0| 1.3| 0.7| 0.2| 3.6
Mangel-wurzel |905 | 3.0| 14.1| 4.1| 2.9| 1.6| 1.3| 0.8| 0.8| 0.5
Sugar Beets |897 | 3.0| 8.1| 6.5| 2.7| 2.7| 2.7| 1.3| 0.9| 0.7
Turnips |898 | 3.0| 11.9| 2.8| 1.1| 3.9| 0.5| 0.9| 1.1| 0.5
Carrots |822 | 5.1| 26.0| 2.9| 5.2| 8.5| 0.9| 1.2| 2.0| 2.9
Succory |850 | 3.5| 16.5| 4.3| 2.9| 3.2| 0.4| 1.0| 1.4| 0.6
Russia Turnips |850 | 4.6| 25.3| 3.7| 1.0| 8.4| 1.0| 2.6| 3.0| 2.6
Cabbage, white |890 | 2.4| 16.0| 6.3| 0.9| 3.1| 0.6| 1.4| 2.4| 0.2
Cabbage Stems |820 | 1.8| 11.6| 5.1| 0.6| 1.3| 0.5| 2.4| 0.9| 0.2
V.--MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS & REFUSE.
Wheat Bran |131 |22.4| 53.5|14.3| 0.2| 1.7| 8.8|27.3| 0.1| 0.5
Rye Bran |125 |23.2| 71.4|19.3| 1.0| 2.5|11.3|34.3| .. | 1.4
Barley Bran |120 |23.7| 48.4| 8.1| 0.7| 1.8| 3.0| 8.9| 0.9| 23.6
Oat Hulls |140 | .. | 34.7| 4.9| 0.3| 1.4| 1.0| 1.6| 1.3| 23.3
Pea Bran |140 | .. | 22.7|10.3| 0.2| 4.1| 2.2| 3.1| 0.9| 0.9
Buckwheat Bran |140 |27.2| 34.6|11.2| 0.7| 3.4| 4.6|12.5| 1.0| 0.7
Wheat Flour |136 |18.9| 7.2| 2.6| 0.1| 0.2| 0.4| 3.7| .. | ..
Rye Flour |142 |16.8| 16.9| 6.5| 0.3| 0.2| 1.4| 8.5| .. | ..
Barley Meal |140 |16.0| 20.0| 5.8| 0.5| 0.6| 2.7| 9.5| 0.6| ..
Corn Meal |140 |16.0| 5.9| 1.7| 0.2| 0.4| 0.9| 2.6| .. | ..
Green Malt |475 |10.4| 14.6| 2.5| .. | 9.5| 1.2| 5.3| .. | 4.8
Dry Malt | 75 |16.0| 26.6| 4.6| .. | 1.0| 2.2| 9.7| .. | 8.8
Brewer’s Grains |766 | 7.8| 11.7| 0.5| 0.1| 1.3| 1.0| 4.1| .. | 4.6
Beer |900 | .. | 6.2| 2.1| 0.6| 0.2| 0.4| 2.0| 0.2| 0.6
Malt-sprouts | 80 |36.8| 66.7|20.6| 1.2| 1.9| 1.8|18.0| 2.9| 14.7
Potato Fibre |850 | 1.3| 1.8| 0.3| .. | 0.9| 0.1| 0.4| .. | 0.1
Potato Slump |948 | 1.6| 5.0| 2.2| 0.4| 0.3| 0.4| 1.0| 0.4| 0.2
Sugar-beet Pomace |700 | 2.9| 11.4| 3.9| 0.9| 2.6| 0.7| 1.1| 0.4| 0.9
Clarifying Refuse |948 | 0.8| 3.3| 0.3| 0.1| 1.1| 0.2| 0.2| 0.1| 0.7
Sugar-beet | | | | | | | | | |
Molasses |172 |12.8| 82.3|57.5|10.0| 4.7| 0.3| 0.5| 1.7| 0.3
Molasses Slump |920 | 3.2| 14.0|11.0| 1.5| 0.2| .. | 0.1| 0.2| ..
Rape-cake |150 |48.5| 54.6|12.4| 1.8| 6.8| 7.0|19.2| 3.2| 2.8
Linseed Oil-cake |115 |45.3| 50.8|12.4| 0.7| 4.3| 8.1|16.1| 1.6| 6.4
Poppy-cake |100 |52.0| 76.9| 2.3| 2.3|27.0| 6.2|31.2| 1.9| 4.5
Beech-nut-cake |100 |38.1| 43.3| 6.5| 4.6|13.2| 3.6| 9.7| 0.6| 0.8
Walnut-cake |137 |55.3| 46.2|14.3| .. | 3.1| 5.6|20.2| 0.6| 0.7
Cotton-seed-cake |115 |39.0| 58.4|14.6| .. | 2.7| 8.9|28.1| 0.7| 2.3
Cocoanut-cake |127 |37.4| 55.1|22.4| 1.3| 2.6| 1.6|14.9| 2.1| 1.9
Palm-oil-cake |100 |25.9| 26.1| 5.0| 0.2| 3.1| 4.5|11.0| 0.5| 0.8
VI. STRAW.
Winter Wheat |143 | 4.8| 46.1| 6.3| 0.6| 2.7| 1.1| 2.2| 1.1| 31.2
Winter Spelt |143 | 4.0| 50.1| 5.2| 0.3| 2.9| 1.2| 2.6| 1.2| 36.0
Winter Rye |143 | 4.0| 40.5| 7.8| 0.9| 3.5| 1.1| 2.1| 1.1| 22.9
Spring Wheat |143 | 5.6| 38.1|11.0| 1.0| 2.6| 0.9| 2.0| 1.2| 18.2
Spring Rye |143 | 5.6| 46.6|11.2| .. | 4.2| 1.8| 3.0| 1.2| 26.1
Barley |143 | 6.4| 41.3| 9.4| 1.7| 3.2| 1.1| 1.9| 1.5| 21.5
Oats |143 | 5.6| 40.4| 8.9| 1.2| 3.6| 1.6| 1.9| 1.3| 19.6
Indian Corn-stalks|150 | 4.8| 41.9| 9.6| 6.1| 4.0| 2.6| 5.3| 1.2| 11.7
Buckwheat Straw |160 |13.0| 51.7|24.2| 1.1| 9.5| 1.9| 6.1| 2.7| 2.9
Pea Straw |160 |10.4| 44.0|10.1| 1.8|16.2| 3.5| 3.5| 2.7| 3.0
Field Bean |160 |16.3| 43.9|18.5| 1.1| 9.8| 3.3| 3.2| 1.6| 3.2
Garden Bean |160 | .. | 40.0|12.8| 3.2|11.1| 2.5| 3.9| 1.7| 1.9
Common Vetch |160 |12.0| 44.1| 6.3| 6.9|15.6| 3.7| 2.7| 3.3| 3.6
Lupine |160 | 9.4| 41.4| 8.0| 2.6|14.8| 3.6| 3.7| 3.0| 2.1
Rape |160 | 5.6| 40.8|11.1| 3.8|11.6| 2.5| 2.4| 3.1| 2.6
Poppy |160 | .. | 48.7|18.4| 0.6|14.7| 3.1| 1.6| 2.5| 5.5
VII. CHAFF.
Winter Wheat |143 | 7.2| 92.5| 8.5| 1.7| 1.8| 1.2| 4.0| .. | 75.1
Spring Wheat |143 | 7.5|121.4| 4.8| 1.0| 4.0| 1.5| 3.1| 0.7|105.3
Winter Spelt |143 | 5.6| 82.7| 7.9| 0.2| 2.0| 2.1| 6.1| 1.9| 61.3
Winter Rye |143 | 5.8| 84.0| 5.3| 0.3| 3.5| 1.2| 5.6| 0.1| 69.2
Barley Awns |143 | 4.8|120.0| 9.4| 1.2|12.7| 1.6| 2.4| 3.7| 86.6
Oats |143 | 6.4| 71.2| 4.6| 2.9| 4.0| 1.5| 1.3| 3.5| 50.4
Indian Corn-cobs |140 | 2.3| 4.6| 2.4| 0.1| 0.2| 0.2| 0.2| 0.1| 1.3
Field Beans |150 |16.8| 54.5|35.3| 1.3| 6.8| 5.9| 2.7| 1.2| 0.3
Lupine |143 | 7.2| 18.1| 8.7| 0.7| 3.6| 1.5| 1.1| 0.5| 0.9
Rape |140 | 6.4| 73.2|11.8| 4.4|36.3| 4.2| 3.4| 7.3| 1.0
Flax-seed hulls |120 | .. | 54.7|15.4| 3.0|15.4| 3.3| 4.5| 3.4| 5.0
VIII. COMMERCIAL PLANTS, ETC.
Flax Stems |140 | .. | 30.4| 9.4| 2.5| 6.8| 2.0| 4.0| 2.0| 1.7
Rotted Flax Stems |100 | .. | 7.0| 0.3| 0.2| 3.6| 0.2| 0.8| 0.2| 1.3
Flax Fibre |100 | .. | 6.8| 0.3| 0.3| 3.6| 0.3| 0.7| 0.3| 0.8
Hemp Stems |150 | .. | 33.2| 4.6| 0.7|20.3| 2.4| 2.3| 0.7| 3.5
Hops, entire plant|140 | .. | 81.4|20.1| 2.8|18.1| 6.4| 7.5| 3.7| 16.4
Hops |120 | .. | 66.8|23.0| 1.4|11.1| 3.7|11.2| 2.4| 11.1
Hop Stems |160 | .. | 40.7|11.4| 1.7|12.6| 2.7| 4.4| 1.3| 3.4
Tobacco Leaves |180 | .. |151.0|30.3| 5.1|62.8|17.7| 4.8| 5.8| 13.5
Wine and Must |866 | .. | 2.1| 1.3| .. | 0.1| 0.1| 0.4| 0.1| ..
Wine-grounds |650 | .. | 13.9| 6.1| 0.2| 2.9| 0.7| 2.5| 0.6| 0.2
Grape Stems, etc. |550 | .. | 13.0| 4.0| 1.4| 4.5| 0.7| 1.6| 0.3| 0.2
Mulberry Leaves |850 | .. | 16.3| 3.9| 0.2| 5.4| 1.0| 1.3| 0.3| 4.1
IX. MATERIALS FOR BEDDING.
Reed |180 | .. | 36.7| 6.8| 0.2| 3.3| 1.1| 2.3| 0.6| 20.0
Sedge Grass |140 | .. | 61.2|17.7| 4.9| 4.2| 2.9| 4.6| 2.3| 20.3
Rush |140 | .. | 48.1|19.0| 3.1| 3.6| 3.1| 4.3| 1.3| 6.8
Beech Leaves, | | | | | | | | | |
August |560 | .. | 19.0| 3.7| 0.4| 6.4| 1.4| 1.8| 0.4| 3.8
” ” | | | | | | | | | |
Autumn |150 | 8.0| 58.5| 2.3| 0.4|26.4| 3.5| 2.4| 2.1| 19.7
Oak Leaves, | | | | | | | | | |
August |550 | .. | 15.8| 5.4| .. | 4.1| 2.1| 1.9| 0.4| 0.7
” ” | | | | | | | | | |
Autumn |150 | 8.0| 41.7| 1.4| 0.3|20.3| 1.7| 3.5| 1.8| 12.9
Fir Needles |475 | 5.0| 18.4| 1.0| 0.3| 6.1| 1.1| 1.0| 0.4| 6.3
Pine ” |450 | .. | 32.0| 0.6| 0.1| 4.3| 0.5| 1.4| 0.6| 22.6
Moss |250 | .. | 19.2| 2.6| 1.6| 2.2| 1.1| 0.9| 1.0| 5.5
Fern |250 | .. | 50.7|18.0| 2.1| 6.2| 3.5| 4.2| 1.8| 10.3
Heath |200 |10.0| 16.6| 2.1| 1.1| 3.6| 1.6| 1.1| 0.7| 4.9
Broom |250 | .. | 13.6| 4.8| 0.3| 2.2| 1.6| 1.1| 0.4| 1.3
Sea-Weed |150 |14.0|122.3|15.9|28.1|16.7|10.0| 3.8|26.3| 2.5
X. GRAINS AND SEEDS.
Winter Wheat |144 |20.8| 16.9| 5.3| 0.4| 0.6| 2.0| 7.9| 0.1| 0.4
Spring Wheat |143 |20.5| 18.3| 5.5| 0.4| 0.5| 2.2| 8.9| 0.3| 0.3
Spelt, | | | | | | | | | |
without husk |143 |22.0| 14.2| 5.1| 0.5| 0.4| 1.7| 6.0| .. | 0.2
Spelt, with husk |148 |16.0| 36.6| 5.7| 0.4| 1.0| 2.4| 7.6| 1.1| 17.1
Winter Rye |143 |17.6| 17.9| 5.6| 0.3| 0.5| 2.1| 8.4| 0.2| 0.4
Winter Barley |145 |16.0| 17.0| 2.6| 0.7| 0.2| 2.1| 5.6| 0.5| 4.9
Spring Barley |143 |16.0| 22.2| 4.5| 0.6| 0.6| 1.9| 7.7| 0.4| 6.1
Oats |143 |19.2| 27.0| 4.4| 0.6| 1.0| 1.9| 6.2| 0.4| 12.8
Millet |140 |20.3| 29.8| 3.4| 0.4| 0.2| 2.9| 5.9| 0.1| 15.8
Indian Corn |144 |16.0| 13.0| 3.7| 0.2| 0.3| 2.0 5.9| 0.2| 0.2
Sorghum |140 | .. | 16.0| 3.3| 0.5| 0.2| 2.4| 8.1| .. | 1.2
Buckwheat |140 |14.4| 11.8| 2.7| 0.7| 0.5| 1.5| 5.7| 0.2| 0.1
Peas |143 |35.8| 23.5| 9.8| 0.2| 1.2| 1.9| 8.6| 0.8| 0.2
Field Beans |145 |40.8| 30.7|13.1| 0.4| 1.5| 2.2|11.9| 0.8| 0.2
Garden Beans |150 |39.0| 27.4|12.0| 0.4| 1.8| 2.0| 9.7| 1.1| 0.2
Vetch |143 |44.0| 26.8| 8.1| 2.1| 2.1| 2.4|10.0| 1.0| 0.3
Lupine |130 |56.6| 34.1|10.2| 0.1| 3.0| 4.0|14.3| 1.5| 0.2
Red Clover |150 |30.5| 38.3|13.5| 0.4| 2.5| 4.9|14.5| 0.9| 0.5
White Clover |150 | .. | 33.8|12.3| 0.2| 2.5| 3.9|11.6| 1.6| 0.8
Esparsette |160 | .. | 38.4|11.0| 1.1|12.3| 2.6| 9.2| 1.2| 0.3
Ruta-bagas |140 | .. | 48.8| 9.1| 8.5| 7.6| 8.6| 7.6| 2.1| 1.1
Sugar-Beet |146 | .. | 45.3|11.1| 4.2|10.2| 7.3| 7.5| 2.0| 0.8
Carrots |120 | .. | 74.8|14.3| 3.5|29.1| 5.0|11.8| 4.2| 4.0
Succory |130 | .. | 54.6| 6.5| 4.6|17.3| 5.9|16.5| 2.4| 0.6
Turnips |125 | .. | 34.6| 7.6| 0.4| 6.1| 3.1|14.0| 2.5| 0.2
Rape |118 |31.2| 39.1| 9.6| 0.6| 5.5| 4.6|16.5| 0.9| 0.5
Summer-Rape |120 | .. | 34.9| 7.7| .. | 5.2| 4.7|14.9| 2.3| ..
Mustard |130 | .. | 36.5| 5.9| 2.0| 7.0| 3.7|14.6| 1.8| 0.9
Poppy |147 |28.0| 52.9| 7.2| 0.5|18.7| 5.0|16.6| 1.0| 1.7
Linseed |118 |32.8| 32.6|10.0| 0.7| 2.6| 4.7|13.5| 0.8| 0.4
Hemp |122 |26.1| 45.3| 9.4| 0.4|10.9| 2.6|16.9| 0.1| 5.5
SOURCES & PROVENANCE
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This page is an AI-organised index. The label means the grouping and cross-links were compiled with AI; the information itself comes from the public-domain books, reports and manuals listed below. Open any source to read the local copy or follow the link to the original publication.
PUBLIC-DOMAIN BOOK
Talks on Manures A Series of Familiar and Practical Talks Between the Author and the Deacon, the Doctor, and Other Neighbors, on the Whole Subject
primary
Full text in the local archive
Bibliographic record from the archive catalogue.