TALKS ON MANURES A SERIES OF FAMILIAR AND PRACTICAL TALKS BETWEEN THE AUTHOR AND THE DEACON, THE DOCTOR, AND OTHER NEIGHBORS, ON THE WHOLE SUBJECT TEXT

Harris, Joseph, 1828-1892 · 2006 · 1.1 MB PUBLIC-DOMAIN BOOK BOOK DETAILS DOWNLOAD

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Page 1 6 matches o the American Farmer.-- The growth of Wheat Year after Year on the same Land, unmanured, with Farm-yard Manure, and with various Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers. Page 2 4 matches immediately active and available. It is unquestionably true, that the same amount of nitrogen in barn-yard manure, will not produce so great an effect as its theoretical value would in Page 3 4 matches for twenty-seven years, there has been a great loss of nitrogen. The same remarks apply to this case. No one ever advocates summer-fallowing land every other year, and sowing nothing Page 4 4 matches d grass, root, stem, and branch, all are composed or made up of these same dozen elements. If I ask you what bread is made of, you say it is composed of the dozen elements aforesaid. I Page 5 2 matches refreshes the plants, and fills the leaves with sap, precisely in the same way. All these fertilizing effects, however, belong to climate. It is inaccurate to associate either mulching Page 6 7 matches and on the other. This will give you some good, rich muck, and at the same time drain your swamp. Then cut some _under-drains_ from _y_ towards the higher land at _w_, _v_, and _h_, an Page 7 4 matches om the soil. In this way the “condition” of the soil would remain the same. If we sell _less_ than we develop, the condition of the soil will improve. By “condition,” I mean the amoun Page 8 3 matches ed at the breweries with the “grains,” and are sold to milkmen at the same price--from 12 to 15 cents per bushel. Where their value is not known, they can, doubtless, be sometimes obta Page 9 10 matches enting in an exposed heap for six months, it still contains about the same _percentage_ of water. When kept in the heap until August, the percentage of water is much greater. Of four t Page 10 3 matches gen, and 30¾ lbs. of soluble mineral matter. If they buy a ton of the same manure that has been kept under cover until February, they get, nitrogen, 15 lbs.; soluble minerals, 42½ lbs. Page 11 2 matches , and the manure becomes rapidly deteriorated in value, whilst at the same time it is diminished in weight. “21. Well-rotten dung is more readily affected by the deteriorating influen Page 12 3 matches garden, more than two loads of the straw and corn manure. To get the same amount of nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and potash, you have to spend more than twice the labor in cleaning out Page 13 2 matches imes, when comparatively dry, we use the refuse sheep bedding for the same purpose. Where the sheep barn is contiguous to the pig-pens, and when the sheep bedding can be thrown at once Page 14 8 matches iately available. It makes it more soluble. We ferment manure for the same reason that we decompose bone-dust or mineral phosphates with sulphuric acid, and convert them into superphos Page 15 4 matches nd in the manure.” How to keep cows tied up in the barn, and at the same time save all the urine, is one of the most difficult problems I have to deal with in the management of manur Page 16 1 match nd supporting 20 cows, would give us a gross return of $1,204.50. The same farm so improved as to produce 2¼ tons of hay or its equivalent, per acre--fed to 20 cows _capable of eating, Page 17 1 match this, his land has been growing richer and richer. And, in fact, the same is true of Mr. Geddes’ farm. It is richer land to-day than when first plowed, while there is one field that f Page 18 9 matches 80.4 ” ” ” ” Fresh solid cow-dung contains, according to the same authority, 90 per cent of water. I have frequently seen manure drawn out in the spring, that had not been de Page 19 2 matches arch, April, May, and June, than wheat; and, consequently, to get the same amount of food, it is not necessary that the clover should have as much nitrogen, phosphoric acid, potash, et Page 20 7 matches es of wheat, and as much potash as the produce from five acres of the same crop. Clover thus unquestionably removes from the land very much more mineral matter than does wheat; wheat, Page 21 2 matches s, containing 61 lbs. of nitrogen; that is, there was very nearly the same quantity of roots and nitrogen in them, as that furnished in the soil from the brow of the hill. “The roots, Page 22 4 matches f nitrogen per acre, that is, considerably more than was found in the same section of the soil where the clover was mown twice for hay; showing plainly, that during the ripening of the Page 23 3 matches cre, and contained 100 lbs. of nitrogen. A few yards distance, on the same soil, where the clover was bad, the acre of roots contained only 31 lbs. of nitrogen per acre. So far, so go Page 24 3 matches ments at Rothamsted on the Growth of Wheat, Year After Year, on the Same Land. Table 1.--Manures And Produce; 1st Season, 1843-4. Manures and Seed (Old Red Lammas) Sown Autumn 1 Page 25 3 matches f manure again in 1845?” “Precisely that, Deacon,” said I, “and this same plot has received this amount of manure every year since, up to the present time--for these same experiments Page 26 4 matches of corn and 789 lbs. of straw, which was the increase obtained by the same amount of ammoniacal salt on 10_a_, as compared with 10_b_. “It will be observed, however, that in the forme Page 27 3 matches monia-salts alone on plot 10_a_, gave 19¼ bushels per acre, while the same quantity of ammonia, with superphosphate in addition, gave, on plot 9_b_, 25 bushels per acre. The addition Page 28 9 matches --“What have you here?” --“Ammonia,” said I; and at 6_b_ he asked the same question, and I replied “ammonia.” At 7_a_, the same question and the same answer. Standing between 7_b_ and Page 29 6 matches that the next year and the year after, the salt _was_ applied at the same time as the other manures. It gave an increase of 94 lbs. of grain and 61 lbs. of straw in 1851, but the foll Page 30 2 matches uite 29 bushels per acre, and only weighed 55 lbs. per bushel. On the same plot, the year before, with precisely the same manure, the yield was nearly 37 bushels per acre, and the weig Page 31 3 matches e consider that this is the twentieth wheat-crop in succession on the same land, these figures are certainly remarkable. “They are so,” said the Deacon, “and what to me is the most su Page 32 6 matches king them together in a bottle, and allowing the soil to subside, the same result was obtained. The action, therefore, was in no way referable to any physical law brought into operatio Page 33 13 matches s in the spring assumed a rich, dark green color. I have observed the same effect where coal-ashes were spread on grass-land; and I have thought that the apparent benefit was due large Page 34 3 matches shes Experiments on the Growth of Barley, Year After Year, on the Same Land, Without Manure, and With Different Descriptions of Manure, Hoos Field, Rothamsted, England. Tabl Page 35 1 match rs.] Experiments on the Growth of Barley, Year After Year, on the Same Land, Without Manure, and With Different Descriptions of Manure, Hoos Field, Rothamsted, England. Tabl Page 36 6 matches traw. “That will do,” said the Deacon, “but I see that in 1857, this same plot, with the same manure, produced 66½ bushels of dressed grain per acre, weighing 53½ lbs. to the bushel, Page 37 3 matches nips does not enrich land for grain crops. Turnips were grown on the same land, year after year, for ten years. The land was then plowed and sown to barley for three years. The follow Page 38 8 matches them. In 1857, I made the following experiments on potatoes, in the same field on which the preceding experiment was made in 1852. In this case, as before, the land was a two-year-o Page 39 2 matches n autumn, has afforded a yield of about 70 bushels per acre, when the same amount applied in spring, gave only 50 bushels. A thin coating of manure applied to winter-wheat at the time Page 40 10 matches And such facts and experiments as we have, seem to indicate that the same is also true of Indian corn. It is, at any rate, reasonable to suppose that, as Indian corn belongs to the sa Page 41 13 matches Plot 10, with 400 lbs. of unleached wood-ashes per acre, produces the same quantity of _sound corn_, with an extra bushel of ‘nubbins’ per acre, as plot 1, without any manure at all; a Page 42 9 matches gave an increase of 14½ tons per acre. And the following year, on the same land, it gave an increase of 13½ tons; and the next year, on the same land, over 9 tons.” “Yes,” said I, “th Page 43 6 matches res did any good. Ellwanger & Barry also tried them, and reported the same negative result. This was several years ago, and I do not think any similar experiments have been made since. Page 44 2 matches e land_, $1.06. “A ton of the fresh fæces,” said the Deacon, “at the same estimate, would be worth (20 lbs. nitrogen, at 20 cents, $4; 21¾ lbs. phosphoric acid, at 12½ cents, $2.70), Page 45 6 matches ticle.” As to whether it is better, when you can buy nitrogen at the same price in nitrate of soda as you can in sulphate of ammonia, to use the one or the other will depend on circum Page 46 9 matches crop of wheat. And the experience of farmers everywhere tends in the same direction. England is the greatest turnip-growing country in the world, and you will find that where one farm Page 47 8 matches e, this was to be expected, and they had expected it much sooner. The same with wheat; he expected the end would come in a few years, but they had now gone on between 30 and 40 years. Page 48 2 matches y giving to it the food necessary to grow good grasses, sowing at the same time a small quantity of the best seeds. I further suggested that a flock of sheep should be allowed to run o Page 49 4 matches se in the fall for wheat, on land that has been cropped with oats the same year. The manure put on for potatoes is generally estimated to enrich the land sufficient for it to produce o Page 53 1 match ng for, 35-168 ” the 20th Crop on Same Land, 213 ” Top-dressing for, 270 ” Page 54 2 matches value.” “Suppose, Deacon,” said he _quotation marks as in original (same speaker)_ carbonaceous matter and water, of little or no value?” _text has question mark after close quote_

from which it is Derived, 301 ” Sea-weed as, 337 ” Sheep, 86 ” Should be Broken Up Fine, 268 ” Soluble Phosphates in, 72 ” Special, 140-320 ” Specific Gravity of from Different Animals, 305 ” Spread in Open Yard, 63 ” Stable, Management, 333 ” Straw and Chaff as, 200 ” Superphosphate, How Made, 317 ” Swamp-Muck as, 29 ” Tank, 115 ” the Author’s Plan of Managing, 83 ” Tillage as, 32-121-225 ” Top-dressing for Wheat in Kansas, 350 ” ” ” on Growing Crops, 343 ” to What Crops Should it be Applied, 265 ” Value of, 78 ” Value of Depends on the Food, Not on the Animal, 43 ” Value of Straw as, 123 ” Water in, 124 ” Weeds as, 24 ” Weight of, 343-350 ” Well-rotted, Composition of, 65 ” Well-rotted, Loss from Leaching, 65 ” What is it?, 19-22 ” Why Do We Ferment?, 94 Market Gardens, Irrigation in, 295 ” ” Manure for, 294 ” ” Pig-manure on, 295 Meadows, Manure for, 271 Night soil, 225-308 Nitrate of Potash, 312 Nitrate of Soda, 134 ” ” Acts Quicker than Ammonia, 313 ” ” as a Top-dressing for Wheat, 270 ” ” Composition of, 312 ” ” for Apple Trees, 314 ” ” for Barley, 243 ” ” for Oats, 252 ” ” for Onions, 294 ” ” for Sugar-Beets, 289 ” ” for Wheat, 159 ” ” How to Apply, 312 Nitric Acid, 341 Nitrogen, Amount per Acre in the Soil, 28-162 ” as Manure, 28 ” in Soils, 106-226-336-341 ” Makes Poor Manure Rich, 246 Nurserymen, Manure for, 297 Oats, Experiments on in Virginia, 253 ” Experiments on at Moreton Farm, 254 ” Lawes’ and Gilbert’s Experiments on, 252 ” Manures for, 252 Oil-cake for Sheep, 76 Onions, Manure for, 294 Peas for Pigs, 17 Pea-straw for Manure, 48 Peat, Composition of, 31 Phosphates, 27 ” Exhaustion of on Dairy Farms, 101 ” Soluble in Barn-yard Manure, 72 Phosphoric Acid in Soils, 106-226 ” ” per Acre in Soils, 162 ” ” Retained by the Soil, 219 ” ” Removed from the Farm by Hay, and by Milch Cows, 316 Pig Manure, 43-86 ” ” Composition of, 306 ” ” for Cabbage, 302 Pigs as Manure-Makers for Market Gardeners, 295 Pigs’ Bedding, 31 ” for Enriching Pasture-Land, 304 ” How to Save Manure from, 304 ” Manure from, 301-304 Piling Manure, 97 Plant-food, 21-105 ” ” Amount of in an Acre, 24-39 ” ” in New and Cultivated Land, 39 Plaster for Indian Corn, 277 Plowing in the Fall, 17 Potash, Amount of in the Soil, 25-329 ” as Manure, 329 ” as Manure for Wheat, 215 ” for Cabbages, 292 ” for Potatoes, 255-260 ” for Potatoes and Root-Crops, 330 ” How to Ascertain when the Soil Needs, 330 ” in Nitrate of Potash, 314 ” Not a Special Manure for Turnips, 322 ” on Grass Land, 273 ” our Soils not so likely to be Deficient in, as of Nitrogen and Phosphoric Acid, 330 ” Retained by the Soil, 219 ” Value of in Artificial Manures, 326 Potatoes, after Root-Crops, 287 ” Ammonia for, 261 ” Cost of Raising, 10 ” Experiments on at Moreton Farm, 259 ” for Manure, 48 ” How to Raise a Large Crop, 255 ” Manures for, 255 ” Mr. Hunter’s Experiments on in England, 260 ” on Rich Land, 263 ” Profits of Using Artificial Manures on, 263 ” Will Manure Injure, Quality of, 264 Rape-cake, 46 ” ” as Manure for Hops, 274 Roots, Amount of Left in Soil by Different Crops, 164 Root-crops, 17 Rotation of Crops and Manures, 246 Rushmore, J. H., Letter from, 345 Routzahn, H. L., Letter from, 349 Salt as a Manure for Wheat, 270 ” Common as Manure for Wheat, 200 ” for Mangel-wurzels, 104 Saw-dust for Bedding, 103 Season, a Poor, Profitable for Good Farmers, 213 ” and Manure for Oats, 253 ” Influence of on the Growth of Wheat, 210 ” Profit in Raising Oats in a Poor, 253 ” Profit in Raising Barley in a Poor, 243 Seasons, Influence on Crops, 21 Seed Growers, Manures for, 296 Sewage, 308 Sheep-Manure, 303-333-339 ” ” Composition of, 306 ” vs. Oxen as Manure Makers, 303 Shelton, Prof. E. M., Letter from, 350 Soil, Composition of, 144-150 ” Exhaustion of, 23-27-332 ” from Earth-closet, 225 ” Nitrogen and Phosphoric Acid in, 226 ” Plant-food in, 105 ” Weight of per Acre, 221 Soils Absorb Ammonia from Atmosphere, 219 ” Absorptive Powers of, 217 Sorghum, Manures for, 283 Special Manures, 320 Straw, 26 ” Amount of Manure from, 124 ” and Chaff for Manure, 200 ” for Manures, 48 ” on Grain Farms, 118 ” Selling, 123 Sturtevant, Dr. E. L., Letter from, 344 Superphosphate, 116 ” for Barley, 241 ” for Indian Corn, 279 ” for Potatoes, 259 ” for Private Gardens, 296 ” for Turnips, 285-322 ” for Wheat, 168-169 ” from Bones, Composition of, 319 ” from Mineral Phosphates, 320 ” How Applied, 320 ” on Dairy Farms, 315 ” on Grass Land, 273 ” Value of as Compared with Bone-Dust, 319 ” What Crops Best for, 243 Superphospate of Lime, Doctor Tells How it is Made, 317 Superphosphate of Lime, When First Made in the United States, 324 Surface Application of Manure, 70-268 Swamp-muck, 29 ” ” Composition of, 31 Swine, see Pigs. Thomas, J. J., Remarks on the Application of Manures, 269 Tillage is Manure, 32-121-163-225 Tobacco, Manure for, 275 Top dressing with Manure, 269 Turnips, Do They Absorb Nitrogen from the Atmosphere, 250 ” Impoverish the Soil More than Grain, 250 ” Manure for, 285 ” and Wheat, Special Manures for, 321 Urine from Farm Animals Richer than Human, 309 ” vs. Solid Manure, 294 Valuation of Fertilizers, 324 Water, Amount Given Off by Plants During Their Growth, 131 Water Equivalent to Manure, 296 Weeds, 15-41-189 Weed-seeds in Manure, 97 Weld, Col. M. C., Letter from, 344 Wheat, Ammonia for, 192 ” Artificial Manures for Should be Drilled in with Seed, 168-169 ” Common Salt as Manure for, 200 ” Crop, Composition of, 26-129-138-340 ” Effect of Manure on, in Poor Season, 213 ” Influence of Season on, 210 ” is it Deteriorating? 189 ” Larger Crops per Acre, 122 ” Lawes’ and Gilbert’s Experiments on, 140-170-333 ” Manures for, 167 ” Mr. Lawes’ Experiments on, 122 ” Nitrogen as Manure for, 141 ” Plant-food in, 101 ” Potash as Manure for, 215 ” Straw and Chaff as a Manure for, 200 ” Summer Fallowing for, 35-168 ” the 20th Crop on Same Land, 213 ” Top-dressing for, 270 ” vs. Corn, Comparative Yield of, 276 ” Well-rotted Manure for, 267 ” Why Our Crops are so Poor, 214 ” Yield per Acre, 11 * * * * * Sent Free on Application Descriptive Catalog _of_ Rural Books _Containing 128 8vo Pages, Profusely Illustrated, and Giving Full Descriptions of the Best Works on the Following Subjects_ : : : : Farm and Garden Fruits, Flowers, etc. Cattle, Sheep and Swine Dogs, Horses, Riding, etc. Poultry, Pigeons and Bees Angling and Fishing Boating, Canoeing and Sailing Field Sports and Natural History Hunting, Shooting, etc. Architecture and Building Landscape Gardening Household and Miscellaneous Publishers and Importers Orange Judd Company 315-321 Fourth Avenue NEW YORK Books will be Forwarded, Postpaid, on Receipt of Price +Feeding Farm Animals+ By Professor THOMAS SHAW. 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PUBLIC-DOMAIN BOOK Talks on Manures A Series of Familiar and Practical Talks Between the Author and the Deacon, the Doctor, and Other Neighbors, on the Whole Subject Harris, Joseph, 1828-1892primary

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