SPECIAL REPORT ON DISEASES OF CATTLE
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ny ways. The channel and method of administration depend on whether a general or local effect is desired, the condition of the animal, and the nature of the medicine that is to be given.
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gestion and cause local injury to the digestive organs, but may cause general poisoning of a severe and fatal type. The following molds have been shown (Dammann) to be dangerous in respe
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robang to push down any soft material, such as oats or chaff, as this generally condenses and renders firmer the obstructing substance by pressing its particles or elements together, so t
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e._--From the fact that this disease is largely one of regions, it is generally believed that some condition of the soil and water and of the local vegetation is responsible for it. It is
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aults in feeding than as a disease in itself. It occurs in almost all general fevers unless the bowels are involved in local disease, in obstructions of all kinds, from feeding on dry, bu
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he contents of the sac can not be returned into the abdomen, and this generally arises from the fact that some part of the contents of the sac has grown to or become adherent to the edges
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ote action may be exerted by the same drug. Poisons which act locally generally either destroy by corrosion the tissues with which they come in contact or by inhalation set up acute infla
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of chronic gastrointestinal catarrh, with indigestion, diarrhea, and general weakness and loss of condition. _Treatment._--The antidote for arsenic is a solution of hydrated oxid of iro
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onite is given whether indicated or not. Fortunately the dose used is generally small, and for this reason the damage done is much less than it would otherwise be. Aconite is one of the m
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the growth of bacteria, and bacteria may produce poisons in feeds. In general it may be said that any feed that is moldy, musty, or putrid is possibly dangerous. Silage, properly cured, d
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d often irregular. Respiration is difficult and rapid. There is great general weakness and depression. Death comes suddenly. _Treatment._--Treatment consists in supporting the animal by
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t of the diseases under consideration in this chapter. _Attitude and general condition._--The feeling of pain in animals suffering from serious affections of the organs of respiration is
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mucous membrane of the bronchial tubes. When a primary disease, it is generally the result of what is commonly known as "catching cold." It may be secondary to or complicated with many of
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without much uncertainty. The first signs may be those of frenzy, but generally at the start the animal is dull and sleepy, with little or no inclination to move about; the head may be pr
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and up on account of the paralysis of the hind quarters. This form is generally attributed to feeding on feeds containing insufficient protein and ash. It is most likely to occur in cows
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passing of a catheter is an operation which demands special skill. _General symptoms of urinary disorders._--These are not so prominent in cattle as in horses, yet they are of a similar
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his advanced stage to relieve dropsy and give tone to the kidneys and general system (oil of turpentine, 2 teaspoonfuls; bicarbonate of soda, 1 teaspoonful, repeated twice a day). Pure wa
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ere are exceptions, they are so rare that they do not invalidate this general rule. It is true that stone in the kidney or bladder is often found in the summer or in animals feeding at th
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sting the special cause of each as found in the feed, water, soil, or general conditions of health. This classification affords no guide to their location or symptoms, as calculi of the s
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c., in Cornell University._ [Revised by Adolph Eichhorn, D. V. S.] GENERAL DISCUSSION. Diseases of the generative organs are practically confined to animals which are kept for reprodu
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and general obstacles to conception should be carefully investigated and removed. The vigorous health which comes from a
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will refuse the male persistently, but these in no way invalidate the general rule. The bull, no matter how vigorous or how ardent his sexual instinct, can not be made to pay any attenti
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med these findings. _Cause._--The _Bacterium abortus_ of Bang is now generally recognized as the causative agent of the disease of cattle. Formerly it was thought that abortion was due t
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w, however, is not substantiated by other investigators, it being now generally accepted that the disease is only rarely responsible for abortion, and further, that it exerts no apparent
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either in the flank or with a trocar and cannula through the anus. GENERAL DROPSY OF THE CALF. This occurs from watery blood or disease of some internal organ, like the liver or kidne
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re beset with similar drawbacks, and are to be dealt with on the same general principles. (Pl. XVII, fig. 4.) With the back turned to one side the body should be rotated until the back tu
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se. No part is wedged into the pelvic passages as a complication. The general principles are the same as in faulty presentation fore and hind, and no time should be lost in making the man
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eet engaged in pelvis. A very serious malpresentation, in which it is generally impossible to save the fetus if delivery is far advanced. The indications are to force back the hind feet.
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even gangrene are shown in the mass. At the moment of protrusion the general health is not altered, but soon the inflammation and fever with the violent and continued straining induce ex
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nt, simple or associated with putrefaction of its liquid contents and general poisoning, or it may extend so that the inflammation affects the lining membrane of the whole abdominal cavit
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s, dullness, drowsiness, suspension of rumination and appetite, and a general indifference to surrounding objects. Soon the cow lies down, or falls and is unable to rise, but for one or t
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tained with such offensive products should be thoroughly washed. The general treatment of contagious mammitis does not differ from that of the simple form, except that antiseptics should
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septic germ and is associated with fetid discharge from the navel and general putrid blood poisoning. In estimating the causes of the disease we must not omit debility of the calf when th
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t the presence of some of the septic bacteria, and the results on the general system are a high fever and softening of the liver and spleen and no tendency to abscesses of the internal or
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n this way. The same may come from disease in the cow's udder, or any general disease of the cow with attendant fever, and in all such cases the tendency is to rapid change and unwholesom
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appears desirable to describe some of the characteristics of forms in general and of a few classes into which they may be divided, leaving the special study of individual bones to the ill
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is one in which other structures surrounding the bones are injured. GENERAL SYMPTOMS OF FRACTURE.--When a fracture of one or more of the large bones of a limb occurs, symptoms are sure
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side will be less prominent than the other. Careful manipulation will generally move the parts so that crepitus may be recognized. If the fracture is through the posterior part of the bon
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ed three or four times at intervals of three weeks. The lameness will generally begin to disappear about the third or fourth month if the above-described treatment proves beneficial. Shou
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ack may be used. Various types of dehorning shears or clippers are in general use. One type of dehorner has a stationary knife edge with its cutting edge shaped like a very wide V, and op
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fully dealt with under another heading. We would add, however, that, generally speaking, the animal, after being castrated, should either be regularly exercised or be allowed freedom so
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ions of the tumor by a pathologist will be found most satisfactory. GENERAL TREATMENT OF TUMORS. For benign tumors treatment is required only when it damages the animal's value or when
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By M. R. TRUMBOWER, D. V. S. [Revised by John R. Mohler, V. M. D.] GENERAL DISCUSSION. The skin consists of two parts--a superficial layer, the epidermis, or cuticle, and the deep, or
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lved. We must endeavor to remove the cause by giving attention to the general health of the animal and to its environment. Feeding should be moderate in quantity and not too stimulating i
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e spontaneously or follow a scar after an injury. _Symptoms._--Kelis generally appears below the knee or hock, and may occur singly or in numbers. There are no constitutional symptoms. I
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d for a little distance forward on its outward surface, the cornea is generally said to be fitted into the sclerotic like a watch glass into its rim. The venous canal of Schlemm runs circ
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r of refraction is lost--the animal can not see. _Causes._--Cataract generally arises from a diminution (atrophy) or other change in the nutrition of the lens; it may occur as a result o
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RFY EARS. Cattle are subject to scurfy ears, which may be owing to a generally morbid condition of the skin, or may be confined to the ears alone. The affected animal shows an inclinatio
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he usual manner, by an inflammation of the lungs and pleurÊ, which is generally extensive, and which has a tendency to invade portions of these organs not primarily affected and to cause
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ay bloat and later be affected with a severe diarrhea. Such cases are generally fatal in 7 to 20 days. Very often the attack comes on slowly and the symptoms are much less clear. In the
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. It is then a difficult undertaking, simply because the contagion is generally widely disseminated before any measures are adopted, and because a great majority of cattle owners will nev
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ot or ground itch of cattle, the inflammation of the skin and toes is general and not in certain spots, as in foot-and-mouth disease. The mouth remains unaffected, and the presence of the
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gives off the odor of rancid butter. The internal hemorrhages are not general, although they may occur. A microscopic examination of the juices from the tumefaction will show the blackleg
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animals or to damage the surroundings. The cow remains quiet and the general muscular contraction gives her a rigid appearance. There is an absence of paralysis which marks the advanced
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imals together, drafts of air which cause colds and catarrhs, and, in general, everything which prevents the animals from developing and maintaining the highest condition of health. None
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nd when the disease had yet made but little progress. It is now quite generally employed. The tuberculin test came into existence through the most careful and thorough scientific experim
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reameries, with the offal of the abattoirs, with the household refuse generally, and behind tuberculous cattle. If tuberculosis is common among cattle, it is likely to be transmitted to h
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tely fatal in cattle after eight to nine weeks; 4 likewise produced a generalized tuberculosis, but which certainly had a more chronic course, while 1 of the cultures caused only an infil
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fresh condition under a microscope magnifying up to 250 diameters the general structure is made out without much difficulty. These grains consist of collections of minute, roundish masses
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se. Actinomycosis is not infrequent in cattle in the Southwest and is generally supposed to be the result of eating the prickly fruit of the cactus plant, causing wounds of the mucous mem
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ys already described. If the disease begins in the skin, it agrees in general with the subacute form in prolonged duration, and it may occasionally terminate in recovery if the swellings
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_Symptoms and lesions._--The symptoms of blackleg may be either of a general or of a local nature, though more frequently of the latter. The general symptoms are very much like those bel
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of the multiplication of the bacilli at the point of inoculation. The general affection is an intoxication, or poisoning, of the whole system produced by a soluble toxin elaborated by the
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death, can be removed without pain to the animal. The intestines are generally normal, but, together with the peritoneum, they may be inflamed, and the lungs are usually the seat of an e
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d show very plainly. (Pl. XLVI, figs. 6 and 7.) _Prevention._--It is generally accepted that if southern cattle are entirely free from that species of tick known as _Margaropus annulatus
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apsed to leave no doubt that eradication has been accomplished. As a general rule it has been found that if dipping is begun in March and systematically and thoroughly done, all cattle b
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thereby retard the final recovery. Medical treatment of the sick has generally been unsatisfactory, although in chronic cases and those occurring late in the fall beneficial results have
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t damage the horn, and congregate there only to rest. In view of the general practice of dehorning cattle, the name hornfly is less distinctive than it once was. Moreover, hornflies rest
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sed that the ox warbles of this country were all of the one kind. The general appearance, life history, and effects of the European species are much the same as those of the American form
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gh this parasite has been accused of producing serious effects, it is generally considered harmless. Several species of roundworms may occur in the fourth stomach. Two of these are of sp
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of the animal may be comparatively good. It is rare that one sees a generalized edema in slaughtered cattle as a result of fluke invasion, and even in the heaviest infections of you
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iption, symptoms, and treatment, 464-469 dropsy-- general, cause and treatment, 180 of abdomen, description and treatment,
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bones, description and treatment, 277 general symptoms and treatment, 272, 273 hip point, causes and treatment,
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id, description and treatment, 350 general treatment, 309 kidney, description,
diphtheria, description, symptoms, and treatment, 464-469
dropsy--
general, cause and treatment, 180
of abdomen, description and treatment, 180
monstrosities, descriptions, causes, and treatment, 182-184
muscles, rigid contraction, cause and treatment, 181
slinking, description, 165
swelling, caused by gas, treatment, 181
tumors affecting, description and treatment, 181
Calves--
congenital imperfections, kinds, 263
indigestion affecting, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 34
newborn, acute scouring, description, prevention and treatment, 261
pyemic and septicemic inflammation, symptoms and treatment, 251
young--
aphtha, or thrush, affecting, description and treatment, 233
constipation affecting, cause and treatment, 253
diseases affecting, chapter by James Law, 247-263
rickets affecting, description and treatment, 263
ulcers in mouth, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 464
Calving--
dropping and palsy following, description and treatment, 233
retarded by nervousness, 179
symptoms, 173
Canada, source of foot-and-mouth infection, 386
Cancer, description and treatment, 315
Capsule, eye, description, 342
Capsules, use in administering medicines, 8
Carbolic-acid poisoning, description and treatment, 60
Carbon dioxid, formation in preparing cattle dip, 489
Carbuncle, description, 458
Carcinoma, description and treatment, 315
Caries, teeth, description, 16
Carpus, fracture, description and treatment, 281
Cartilage, ear, necrosis affecting, 357
Caruncula lacrimalis of eye, description, 344
Casein concretions blocking teats, cause and treatment, 343
Casting the withers, cause and treatment, 215
Castration--
dangers and care, 299-301
of female, description of operation, 300
of male, description of operation, 299
Cataract, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 348
Catarrh--
description, symptoms, and treatment, 92, 93
gastrointestinal, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 32, 33
malignant, description, symptoms, and treatment, 469-472
nasal, description, symptoms, and treatment, 92
Catarrhal fever, infectious, description, symptoms,
and treatment, 469-472
Cats, ear ticks on, note, 518
Cattle--
animal parasites affecting, chapter by B. H. Ransom, 502-531
dip, preparation and use, 488-494
dose of vaccine against anthrax, 459
drenching, care of lungs, 522
farcy, description and treatment, 501
infected with anthrax, description, 458
infection with sarcoptic mange, 517
infectious diseases, chapter by John R. Mohler, 358-501
infestation with tapeworm, 523
injury by use of petroleum against ticks, 494
loss of blood by inoculations, limits of safety, 500
northern, immunization against Texas fever, manner, 498
parasitic diseases, prevention, 510
plague. _See_ Rinderpest.
protection from flies, formulas for mixtures, 502-503
rabies affecting, description, symptoms, etc, 402-406
southern, injury by ticks, 482
tick, _Margaropus annulatus_, as carrier of Texas fever, 480
ticks--
injurious effects of and losses caused by, 481-485
methods of ridding cattle of, 485-494
tumors affecting, chapter by John R. Mohler, 303-319
Cerebral apoplexy, description and treatment, 106
Cerebrospinal division, description, 101
Chapped teats, cause and treatment, 243
Charbon. _See_ Anthrax.
Chest, dropsy affecting, description and treatment, 99
Children, infection with foot-and-mouth disease, 394
China, foot-and-mouth disease, 386
Choking, symptoms and treatment, 20
Chorioptic mange, location and treatment, 517
Choroid coat of the eye, description, 342
Chrondroma tumor, description and treatment, 314
Chronic tympanites, cause and treatment, 25
Coal-oil poisoning, description and treatment, 59
_C[oe]nurus cerebralis_ (_Multiceps multiceps_) affecting brain,
treatment, 527
Coital exanthema, description, symptoms, and treatment, 401
Cold in the head, description, symptoms, and treatment, 92
Colic, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 31
Concussion of the brain, cause, symptoms, and treatment, 107
Congenital imperfections in calves, kinds, 263
Congestion--
and inflammation of testicles, description and treatment, 152
brain, description and treatment, 106
liver, description, symptoms, and treatment, 45
spinal cord, description, symptoms, and treatment, 110
bladder, description and treatment, 233
Conjunctivitis--
causes, symptoms, and treatment, 344
infectious catarrhal, symptoms, treatment and prevention, 345
Connecticut, foot-and-mouth disease, 388
Constipation--
cause and treatment, 36
young calves, cause and treatment, 253
Contagious--
abortion--
causes, 165-172
prevention and treatment, 170
diseases, disinfection of premises, 363
inflammation of the udder, description, prevention,
and treatment, 237
mammitis, description, prevention, and treatment, 237
pleuropneumonia--
cause, incubation, and symptoms, 369
definition and history, 366
post-mortem appearance, 373
prevention and treatment, 377
scouring, acute, in newborn calves, description, prevention, and
treatment, 261
Contused or lacerated wounds, description and treatment, 298
Contusion of lips, wounds, and snake bites of mouth, symptoms and
treatment, 14
Copper poisoning, description and treatment, 56
Cornea--
eye, description, 341
ulcers, cause, symptoms, and treatment, 347
Corneal dermatoma, description and treatment, 349
Corneitis, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 345
Cough, examination, 89
Cow, pregnant, hygiene, 160
Cowpox, description, symptoms, and treatment, 240, 438
Cows, milk, protection from flies, 503
Cramps of hind limbs during pregnancy, cause, 162
Cranium, fracture, description and treatment, 278
Creeps, description, symptoms, and treatment, 267
Cresol--
compound solution, composition and use, 366
use in foot-and-mouth disease, 393
Croupous enteritis, description, symptoms, and treatment, 35
Crude petroleum--
danger to cattle in use against ticks, 494
dip for destroying cattle ticks, 491
Cud, loss, description, 27
Cuts, barbed-wire, description and treatment, 297
Cyanosis, cause, 81, 253
Cysts--
dental, description and treatment, 318
dermoid--
and sebaceous, description and treatment, 330
description and treatment, 318
description, 308
extravasation, description, 317
mucous, description and treatment, 319
parasitic, description, 317
proliferation, description and treatment, 319
serous, description and treatment, 318
Dairy business, injury by foot-and-mouth disease, 384
Dandruff, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 329
Deformities, hoof, causes and treatment, 338
Dehorning, description, 292
Delaware, foot-and-mouth disease, 388
Demodectic mange, description and treatment, 517
Denmark, foot-and-mouth disease, 386
Dental cysts, description and treatment, 318
Dermis, description, 320
Dermoid cysts, description and treatment, 318, 330
Diabetes--
insipidus, cause and treatment, 118
mellitus, description, 123
Diarrhea--
and dysentery, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 34
calf, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 32
causes, symptoms, prevention, and treatment, 254-261
_See also_ Gastrointestinal catarrh.
Dickson, William, and William H. Lowe, chapter on
"Surgical operations", 289-302
Digestive organs, diseases affecting, chapter by A. J. Murray, 14-50
Dilatation and hypertrophy of heart, description, 82
Diphtheria, calf, description, cause, treatment, etc, 464-469
Dipping--
bath, cattle, temperature, 490
remedy for screw worms, 506
Dips--
arsenical, protection of hands in use, 493
cattle, for ticks, 494-498
mange and scab, 513, 514
Disinfection, house, methods, 363
Dislocation, eyeball, treatment, 353
Dislocations, bones, description and treatment, 282
Diuresis, causes and treatment, 118
Dogs, ear tick, 518
Drainage, usefulness in prevention of fluke diseases, 527
Drenching tube, use in eradicating worms, 522
Dropping, following calving, description and treatment, 233
Dropsy--
abdomen, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 47
abdomen of calf, description and treatment, 180
chest, description and treatment, 99
general, of calf, cause and treatment, 180
hind limbs and between thighs, during pregnancy, cause, 162
membranes of fetus, description and treatment 162
navel, description and treatment, 253
womb, description and treatment, 162
Dysentery--
and diarrhea, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 34
chronic bacterial, description, treatment, etc, 498
red, note, 531
_See also_ Gastrointestinal catarrh.
Dyspepsia, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 29
Ear tick, spinose, presence in cattle, horses, dogs, etc, 518
Ears--
abscess affecting, treatment, 355
cartilage, necrosis affecting, 357
diseases affecting, chapter by M. R. Trumbower, 355-357
enchondroma, description and treatment, 357
foreign bodies lodging in, symptoms and treatment, 356
frostbite, symptoms and treatment, 357
fungoid growths, cause and treatment, 356
internal inflammation, symptoms and treatment, 355
lacerations, cause and treatment, 357
scurvy, cause and treatment, 356
ticks affecting, treatment, 518
_Echinococcus granulosus_, hydatid, description, 528
Ectropion of the eyelid, description and treatment, 350
Eczema--
description, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 325
epizootic, reference, 383
Edema--
causes, symptoms, and treatment, 330
malignant, description, symptoms, and treatment, 472-474
Elephantiasis, description, 330
Emaciation, symptom of foot-and-mouth disease, 383
Emphysema, description and treatment, 98, 334
Enchondroma, ear, description and treatment, 357
Encysted stomach worm, description and treatment, 523
Endocarditis, description and treatment, 81
Enemata, uses and methods, 9
Enteritis--
causes, symptoms, post-mortem appearance, and treatment, 35
croupous, description, symptoms, and treatment, 35
simple. _See_ Gastroenteritis.
Entropion, eyelid, description and treatment, 350
Epidermis, description, 320
Epilepsy, description, cause, and treatment, 107
Epistaxis, cause and treatment, 93
Epizootic aphtha, reference, 383
Ergotism--
and mycotic stomatitis, differentiation, 536
description and treatment, 69
Eruption, vesicular, of genital organs, description,
symptoms, and treatment, 401
Erythema, description, causes, and treatment, 323
Eversion--
bladder, description and treatment, 218
eyelid, description and treatment, 350
womb, cause and treatment, 215
Extra-uterine gestation, description and treatment, 163
Extravasation cysts, description, 317
Eye--
and its appendages, diseases affecting,
chapter by M. R. Trumbower, 340-354
aqueous humor, description, 341
capsule, description, 342
caruncula, lacrimalis affecting, 344
choroid coat, description, 342
cornea--
description, 341
ulcers affecting, cause, symptoms, and treatment, 347
description, 340
foreign bodies penetrating, treatment, 351
lens, description, 342
muscles, description, 343
parasites affecting, treatment, 349, 531
puncta lacrimalia, description, 344
retina, description, 342
roundworms affecting, treatment, 524
sclerotic membrane, description, 341
vitreous humor, description, 342
Eyeball--
description, 340
dislocation, cause and treatment, 353
hairy tumor affecting, description and treatment, 349
Eyelashes, inversion, treatment, 350
Eyelids--
description, 343
ectropion affecting, description and treatment, 350
entropion, description and treatment, 350
eversion, description and treatment, 350
inversion, description and treatment, 350
laceration, cause and treatment, 351
tumors affecting, description and treatment, 350
Face bones, fracture, description and treatment, 277
Farcy, cattle, description and treatment, 501
_Fasciola hepatica_, description, 526
_Fasciola magna_, description, 526
Fatty degeneration, heart, description, 82
Feed, character, analyses, effect on milk, 256-258
Feeding--
character, effect on digestive organs, 12
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