SPECIAL REPORT ON DISEASES OF CATTLE TEXT

United States Bureau of Animal Industry · 1908 · 1.5 MB PUBLIC-DOMAIN BOOK BOOK DETAILS DOWNLOAD

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Page 1 6 matches ny ways. The channel and method of administration depend on whether a general or local effect is desired, the condition of the animal, and the nature of the medicine that is to be given. Page 2 5 matches gestion and cause local injury to the digestive organs, but may cause general poisoning of a severe and fatal type. The following molds have been shown (Dammann) to be dangerous in respe Page 3 5 matches robang to push down any soft material, such as oats or chaff, as this generally condenses and renders firmer the obstructing substance by pressing its particles or elements together, so t Page 4 2 matches e._--From the fact that this disease is largely one of regions, it is generally believed that some condition of the soil and water and of the local vegetation is responsible for it. It is Page 5 7 matches aults in feeding than as a disease in itself. It occurs in almost all general fevers unless the bowels are involved in local disease, in obstructions of all kinds, from feeding on dry, bu Page 6 5 matches he contents of the sac can not be returned into the abdomen, and this generally arises from the fact that some part of the contents of the sac has grown to or become adherent to the edges Page 7 6 matches ote action may be exerted by the same drug. Poisons which act locally generally either destroy by corrosion the tissues with which they come in contact or by inhalation set up acute infla Page 8 5 matches of chronic gastrointestinal catarrh, with indigestion, diarrhea, and general weakness and loss of condition. _Treatment._--The antidote for arsenic is a solution of hydrated oxid of iro Page 9 5 matches onite is given whether indicated or not. Fortunately the dose used is generally small, and for this reason the damage done is much less than it would otherwise be. Aconite is one of the m Page 10 9 matches the growth of bacteria, and bacteria may produce poisons in feeds. In general it may be said that any feed that is moldy, musty, or putrid is possibly dangerous. Silage, properly cured, d Page 11 5 matches d often irregular. Respiration is difficult and rapid. There is great general weakness and depression. Death comes suddenly. _Treatment._--Treatment consists in supporting the animal by Page 12 6 matches t of the diseases under consideration in this chapter. _Attitude and general condition._--The feeling of pain in animals suffering from serious affections of the organs of respiration is Page 13 9 matches mucous membrane of the bronchial tubes. When a primary disease, it is generally the result of what is commonly known as "catching cold." It may be secondary to or complicated with many of Page 14 5 matches without much uncertainty. The first signs may be those of frenzy, but generally at the start the animal is dull and sleepy, with little or no inclination to move about; the head may be pr Page 15 3 matches and up on account of the paralysis of the hind quarters. This form is generally attributed to feeding on feeds containing insufficient protein and ash. It is most likely to occur in cows Page 16 4 matches passing of a catheter is an operation which demands special skill. _General symptoms of urinary disorders._--These are not so prominent in cattle as in horses, yet they are of a similar Page 17 4 matches his advanced stage to relieve dropsy and give tone to the kidneys and general system (oil of turpentine, 2 teaspoonfuls; bicarbonate of soda, 1 teaspoonful, repeated twice a day). Pure wa Page 18 3 matches ere are exceptions, they are so rare that they do not invalidate this general rule. It is true that stone in the kidney or bladder is often found in the summer or in animals feeding at th Page 19 3 matches sting the special cause of each as found in the feed, water, soil, or general conditions of health. This classification affords no guide to their location or symptoms, as calculi of the s Page 20 2 matches c., in Cornell University._ [Revised by Adolph Eichhorn, D. V. S.] GENERAL DISCUSSION. Diseases of the generative organs are practically confined to animals which are kept for reprodu Page 21 2 matches and general obstacles to conception should be carefully investigated and removed. The vigorous health which comes from a Page 22 5 matches will refuse the male persistently, but these in no way invalidate the general rule. The bull, no matter how vigorous or how ardent his sexual instinct, can not be made to pay any attenti Page 23 3 matches med these findings. _Cause._--The _Bacterium abortus_ of Bang is now generally recognized as the causative agent of the disease of cattle. Formerly it was thought that abortion was due t Page 24 2 matches w, however, is not substantiated by other investigators, it being now generally accepted that the disease is only rarely responsible for abortion, and further, that it exerts no apparent Page 25 5 matches either in the flank or with a trocar and cannula through the anus. GENERAL DROPSY OF THE CALF. This occurs from watery blood or disease of some internal organ, like the liver or kidne Page 26 1 match re beset with similar drawbacks, and are to be dealt with on the same general principles. (Pl. XVII, fig. 4.) With the back turned to one side the body should be rotated until the back tu Page 28 2 matches se. No part is wedged into the pelvic passages as a complication. The general principles are the same as in faulty presentation fore and hind, and no time should be lost in making the man Page 29 2 matches eet engaged in pelvis. A very serious malpresentation, in which it is generally impossible to save the fetus if delivery is far advanced. The indications are to force back the hind feet. Page 30 2 matches even gangrene are shown in the mass. At the moment of protrusion the general health is not altered, but soon the inflammation and fever with the violent and continued straining induce ex Page 31 5 matches nt, simple or associated with putrefaction of its liquid contents and general poisoning, or it may extend so that the inflammation affects the lining membrane of the whole abdominal cavit Page 32 6 matches s, dullness, drowsiness, suspension of rumination and appetite, and a general indifference to surrounding objects. Soon the cow lies down, or falls and is unable to rise, but for one or t Page 33 1 match tained with such offensive products should be thoroughly washed. The general treatment of contagious mammitis does not differ from that of the simple form, except that antiseptics should Page 34 1 match septic germ and is associated with fetid discharge from the navel and general putrid blood poisoning. In estimating the causes of the disease we must not omit debility of the calf when th Page 35 4 matches t the presence of some of the septic bacteria, and the results on the general system are a high fever and softening of the liver and spleen and no tendency to abscesses of the internal or Page 36 6 matches n this way. The same may come from disease in the cow's udder, or any general disease of the cow with attendant fever, and in all such cases the tendency is to rapid change and unwholesom Page 37 2 matches appears desirable to describe some of the characteristics of forms in general and of a few classes into which they may be divided, leaving the special study of individual bones to the ill Page 38 10 matches is one in which other structures surrounding the bones are injured. GENERAL SYMPTOMS OF FRACTURE.--When a fracture of one or more of the large bones of a limb occurs, symptoms are sure Page 39 8 matches side will be less prominent than the other. Careful manipulation will generally move the parts so that crepitus may be recognized. If the fracture is through the posterior part of the bon Page 40 8 matches ed three or four times at intervals of three weeks. The lameness will generally begin to disappear about the third or fourth month if the above-described treatment proves beneficial. Shou Page 41 3 matches ack may be used. Various types of dehorning shears or clippers are in general use. One type of dehorner has a stationary knife edge with its cutting edge shaped like a very wide V, and op Page 42 2 matches fully dealt with under another heading. We would add, however, that, generally speaking, the animal, after being castrated, should either be regularly exercised or be allowed freedom so Page 43 2 matches ions of the tumor by a pathologist will be found most satisfactory. GENERAL TREATMENT OF TUMORS. For benign tumors treatment is required only when it damages the animal's value or when Page 44 3 matches By M. R. TRUMBOWER, D. V. S. [Revised by John R. Mohler, V. M. D.] GENERAL DISCUSSION. The skin consists of two parts--a superficial layer, the epidermis, or cuticle, and the deep, or Page 45 10 matches lved. We must endeavor to remove the cause by giving attention to the general health of the animal and to its environment. Feeding should be moderate in quantity and not too stimulating i Page 46 4 matches e spontaneously or follow a scar after an injury. _Symptoms._--Kelis generally appears below the knee or hock, and may occur singly or in numbers. There are no constitutional symptoms. I Page 47 4 matches d for a little distance forward on its outward surface, the cornea is generally said to be fitted into the sclerotic like a watch glass into its rim. The venous canal of Schlemm runs circ Page 48 8 matches r of refraction is lost--the animal can not see. _Causes._--Cataract generally arises from a diminution (atrophy) or other change in the nutrition of the lens; it may occur as a result o Page 49 14 matches RFY EARS. Cattle are subject to scurfy ears, which may be owing to a generally morbid condition of the skin, or may be confined to the ears alone. The affected animal shows an inclinatio Page 50 2 matches he usual manner, by an inflammation of the lungs and pleurÊ, which is generally extensive, and which has a tendency to invade portions of these organs not primarily affected and to cause Page 51 5 matches ay bloat and later be affected with a severe diarrhea. Such cases are generally fatal in 7 to 20 days. Very often the attack comes on slowly and the symptoms are much less clear. In the Page 52 4 matches . It is then a difficult undertaking, simply because the contagion is generally widely disseminated before any measures are adopted, and because a great majority of cattle owners will nev Page 54 3 matches ot or ground itch of cattle, the inflammation of the skin and toes is general and not in certain spots, as in foot-and-mouth disease. The mouth remains unaffected, and the presence of the Page 55 5 matches gives off the odor of rancid butter. The internal hemorrhages are not general, although they may occur. A microscopic examination of the juices from the tumefaction will show the blackleg Page 56 3 matches animals or to damage the surroundings. The cow remains quiet and the general muscular contraction gives her a rigid appearance. There is an absence of paralysis which marks the advanced Page 57 7 matches imals together, drafts of air which cause colds and catarrhs, and, in general, everything which prevents the animals from developing and maintaining the highest condition of health. None Page 58 3 matches nd when the disease had yet made but little progress. It is now quite generally employed. The tuberculin test came into existence through the most careful and thorough scientific experim Page 59 3 matches reameries, with the offal of the abattoirs, with the household refuse generally, and behind tuberculous cattle. If tuberculosis is common among cattle, it is likely to be transmitted to h Page 60 17 matches tely fatal in cattle after eight to nine weeks; 4 likewise produced a generalized tuberculosis, but which certainly had a more chronic course, while 1 of the cultures caused only an infil Page 61 4 matches fresh condition under a microscope magnifying up to 250 diameters the general structure is made out without much difficulty. These grains consist of collections of minute, roundish masses Page 62 6 matches se. Actinomycosis is not infrequent in cattle in the Southwest and is generally supposed to be the result of eating the prickly fruit of the cactus plant, causing wounds of the mucous mem Page 63 1 match ys already described. If the disease begins in the skin, it agrees in general with the subacute form in prolonged duration, and it may occasionally terminate in recovery if the swellings Page 64 5 matches _Symptoms and lesions._--The symptoms of blackleg may be either of a general or of a local nature, though more frequently of the latter. The general symptoms are very much like those bel Page 65 5 matches of the multiplication of the bacilli at the point of inoculation. The general affection is an intoxication, or poisoning, of the whole system produced by a soluble toxin elaborated by the Page 66 4 matches death, can be removed without pain to the animal. The intestines are generally normal, but, together with the peritoneum, they may be inflamed, and the lungs are usually the seat of an e Page 67 2 matches d show very plainly. (Pl. XLVI, figs. 6 and 7.) _Prevention._--It is generally accepted that if southern cattle are entirely free from that species of tick known as _Margaropus annulatus Page 68 2 matches apsed to leave no doubt that eradication has been accomplished. As a general rule it has been found that if dipping is begun in March and systematically and thoroughly done, all cattle b Page 69 2 matches thereby retard the final recovery. Medical treatment of the sick has generally been unsatisfactory, although in chronic cases and those occurring late in the fall beneficial results have Page 70 4 matches t damage the horn, and congregate there only to rest. In view of the general practice of dehorning cattle, the name hornfly is less distinctive than it once was. Moreover, hornflies rest Page 71 3 matches sed that the ox warbles of this country were all of the one kind. The general appearance, life history, and effects of the European species are much the same as those of the American form Page 72 7 matches gh this parasite has been accused of producing serious effects, it is generally considered harmless. Several species of roundworms may occur in the fourth stomach. Two of these are of sp Page 73 5 matches of the animal may be comparatively good. It is rare that one sees a generalized edema in slaughtered cattle as a result of fluke invasion, and even in the heaviest infections of you Page 75 2 matches iption, symptoms, and treatment, 464-469 dropsy-- general, cause and treatment, 180 of abdomen, description and treatment, Page 76 2 matches bones, description and treatment, 277 general symptoms and treatment, 272, 273 hip point, causes and treatment, Page 79 1 match id, description and treatment, 350 general treatment, 309 kidney, description,

chapter on "Diseases of the generative organs", 147-214 chapter on "Diseases of the urinary organs", 113-146 chapter on "Diseases of young calves", 247-263 observation of foot-and-mouth disease in man, 395 Lead poisoning, description, symptoms, and treatment, 55 Leeches in cattle, description and treatment, 519 Lens of the eye, description, 342 Leucorrhea, symptoms and treatment, 224 Lice-- blue (_HÊmatopinus eurysternus_ and _H. vituli_), description and treatment, 512 red, description and treatment, 513 Lightning stroke, symptoms and treatment, 111 Limbs, fracture of bones, description, 281 Lime, use in fluke control, 534 Lipoma tumor, description and treatment, 314 Lips, contusions, wounds, and snake bites, symptoms and treatment, 14 Livestock, immunization against anthrax, 457-458 Liver-- congestion, description, symptoms, and treatment, 44 diseases affecting, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 44-45 flukes, description and treatment, 526 inflammation affecting, symptoms and treatment, 45 Lockjaw-- danger in castration of cattle, 300 reference, 300 Loco weed poisoning, description and treatment, 67 Loeffler, note on description of foot-and-mouth infection, 395 Louse, red (_Trichodectes scalaris_), description and treatment, 513 Lowe, William H.-- and William Dickson, chapter on "Surgical operations", 289-302 chapter on "Noncontagious diseases of organs of respiration", 87-100 Lump, or lumpy jaw. _See_ Actinomycosis. Lung-- abscess, description, 99 tissue, parasites affecting, 526 Lungs-- actinomycosis affecting, 443 bleeding from, description and treatment, 99 bronchial tubes, parasites affecting, description and treatment, 530 parasites affecting, note, 526 worms of cattle, description and treatment, 530 Luxations of bones, description and treatment, 282 Lymphatics-- description, 75 heart, and blood vessels, diseases, chapter by W. H. Harbaugh, 73-86 Malignant-- catarrh, description, symptoms, and treatment, 469-472 edema, description, symptoms, and treatment, 472-474 pustule, description, 458 tumors, description, 306 Mammitis-- contagious, description, prevention, and treatment, 237 simple, description, symptoms, and treatment, 234 Man-- relation to beef measles in cattle, 529 symptoms of foot-and-mouth disease, 394 treatment with anthrax serum, 459 Mange-- common, description and treatment, 513 itch, scab, mites, description and treatment, 513 psoroptic, description and treatment, 513 sarcoptic, cause and treatment, 517 Manure, breeding place for flies, 511 _Margaropus annulatus_, Texas fever tick, 480 Maryland, foot-and-mouth disease, 388 Massachusetts, foot-and-mouth disease, 387, 388 Measles, beef, discussion and management, 529 Measly beef, description and prevention, 529 Medicines, methods of administration, chapter by Leonard Pearson, 7-11 Membrana nictitans of eye, description, 343 Meninges, number and functions, 103 Mercury poisoning, symptoms and treatment, 57 Metacarpus, fracture, description and treatment, 282 Metatarsus, fracture, description, treatment, 282 Metritis, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 224 Metroperitonitis, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 224 Michigan, foot-and-mouth disease, 388 _Micrococcus prodigiosus_, cause of bloody milk, 242 Microorganisms, transmission, 361 Milk-- absence, cause and treatment, 241 bloody and blue, cause and treatment, 239, 240, 241-242 diminution, symptom of foot-and-mouth disease, 383 duct-- closure and thickening of mucous membrane, cause and treatment, 244 closure by membrane, description and treatment, 245 effect of different feeds, analyses, 256-258 fever, description, symptoms, and treatment, 226-237 fistula, description and treatment, 245 pasteurization as guard against foot-and-mouth infection, 395 source of foot-and-mouth disease infection, 394 stringy, cause and treatment, 242 Mineral-- acid poisoning, description and treatment, 58 poisons, description and kinds, 54 Minnesota, foot-and-mouth disease, 388 Misplacement, heart, description, 83 Mites-- description, 511 mange, itch, scab, description and treatment, 513 Mohler, John R.-- chapter on "Infectious diseases of cattle", 358-511 chapter on "Mycotic stomatitis of cattle", 539-544 chapter on "Tumors affecting cattle", 303-320 Monstrosities, calf, descriptions, causes, and treatment, 182-184 Montana, foot-and-mouth disease, 384 Moor-ill, description, symptoms, and treatment, 119 Morphia, poisoning, description and treatment, 61 Mouth-- diseases affecting, symptoms and treatment, 14-17 inflammation of the mucous membrane, cause, symptoms, and treatment, 17 sore, characteristic differences from foot-and-mouth disease, 391-392 ulcers affecting, in young calves. _See_ Necrotic stomatitis. Mucopurulent discharge from passages, symptoms and treatment, 224 Mucous cysts, description and treatment, 319 Mucous membrane-- of mouth, inflammation, cause, symptoms, and treatment, 17 thickening and closure of milk duct, cause and treatment, 244 _Multiceps multiceps_ (bladderworm), parasite of brain, 527 Murray, A. J., chapter on "Diseases of digestive organs", 12-50 Muscles-- calf, rigid contraction, cause, and treatment, 181 eye, description, 343 intercostal, rheumatism affecting, description and treatment, 100 Mycotic stomatitis-- cattle, chapter by John R. Mohler, 539-542 character, cause, symptoms, lesions, etc., 540 characteristic differences from foot-and-mouth disease, 391-392 differential diagnosis and treatment, 542 prevalence, 539 synonyms, 539 Myocarditis, description, symptoms, and treatment, 81 Myoma tumor, description and treatment, 309 Myxoma tumor, description and treatment, 314 Nagana, description, symptoms, and treatment, 510 Nasal catarrh, description, symptoms, and treatment, 92 Navel-- abscess affecting, causes and treatment, 99 bleeding, cause, and treatment, 248 breach, symptoms, and treatment, 252 dropsy, description and treatment, 253 string, constricting member of fetus, description, 179 urine discharged through, description and treatment, 248 urine duct, inflammation, cause, and treatment, 248 veins, inflammation, description, causes, and treatment, 249 Necrosis-- and diseases of cartilage of the ear, cause and treatment, 357 bony orbit, cause and treatment, 352 Necrotic stomatitis-- characteristic differences from foot-and-mouth disease, 391 description, symptoms, and treatment, 464-469 differentiation from foot-and-mouth disease, 391 Neoformation and neoplasm. _See_ Tumors. Nephritis, description, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 123 Nerves, description, 101-103 Nervous system, diseases, chapter by W. H. Harbaugh, 101-112 Nervousness, cause of retarding calving, 179 Netherlands, foot-and-mouth disease, 386 Nettle rash, description, causes, and treatment, 324 Neurofibroma tumor, description and treatment, 310 New Hampshire, foot-and-mouth disease, 387-388 New Jersey, foot-and-mouth disease, 388 New York, foot-and-mouth disease, 388 Nicotin dip, directions for making, 516 Nodular disease of intestines due to hookworms, note, 525 Noncontagious-- abortion-- causes, 165 treatment, 167 diseases of organs of respiration, chapter by William H. Lowe, 87-100 foot-and-mouth disease, reference, 532 Norway, foot-and-mouth disease, 386 Nose bleeding, cause and treatment, 93 Nymphomania in female, cause and treatment, 148 Obstruction-- arteries, description and treatment, 85 bowels, resulting from invagination, causes, symptoms, etc, 35 parturition by full bladder or rectum, 178 parturition by masses of fat, cause, 178 _[OE]sophagostomum radiatum_, parasite causing nodular disease, treatment, 525 Ohio, foot-and-mouth disease, 388 _Oidirum albicans_, parasite causing aphtha, or thrush, 263 Operations-- asepsis, importance of, 289 surgical-- chapter by William Dickson, William H. Lowe, 289-302 manner of securing the animals, 289 uses of anesthesia, 289 Ophthalmia-- simple, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 344 specific, symptoms, treatment, and prevention, 345 Opium poisoning, description and treatment, 61 Orbit-- bony, necrosis affecting, cause and treatment, 352 fracture, cause and treatment, 352 tumors, cause and treatment, 353 Orbital-- and periorbital abscess, symptoms and treatment, 352 cavity of the eye, description, 342 Orchitis, description and treatment, 152 _Ornithodoros megnini_, ear tick of cattle, 518 Osteitis, description and treatment, 265 Osteoma, description and treatment, 314 Osteomalacia, description, symptoms, and treatment, 267 Osteomyelitis, description and treatment, 266 _Ostertagia ostertagi_, encysted stomach worm of cattle, 523 Otitis, symptoms and treatment, 355 _Otobius magnini_, ear tick, 518 Ovariotomy, description of the operation, 301 Ovum, inclosed, description and treatment, 181 Ox warbles and grubs, treatment, 507 Pains, labor, before relaxation of passages, 175 Palpitation of heart, description, 76 Palsy-- following calving, description and treatment, 233 of neck of bladder, cause and treatment, 130 Papillary growths and warts on the penis, treatment, 156 Papilloma, description and treatment, 312 Paralysis-- bladder, causes and treatment, 130 description, 109 hind parts during pregnancy, cause and treatment, 163 rear parts of body, cause, 109 _Paramphistonum cervi_, parasite affecting cattle, 519 Paraplegia, symptoms and treatment, 110 Parasites-- animal, of cattle, chapter by B. H. Ransom, 502-531 blood, kinds, 530 bronchial tubes, description and treatment, 530 ear, kinds and treatment, 518 eye, kinds and treatment, 531 intestinal tract, kinds and treatment, 523 kidney, discussion, 125 lung, kinds, 530 stomach, kinds and treatment, 519 Parasitic-- cysts, description, 317 diseases of the skin, description and treatment, 332 Parotid gland, inflammation, cause, symptoms, and treatment, 18 Parotitis, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 18 Parturient-- apoplexy, description, symptoms, and treatment, 226 collapse, description, symptoms, and treatment, 226 fever, description, symptoms, and treatment, 226 Parturition-- difficult, suggestions for assisting, 74 diseases following, chapter by James Law, 214-245 obstacles, causes, 174 Pasteurization, value in check of foot-and-mouth infection, 395 Pastures, how to free from ticks, 490 Paunch, distention with food, description and treatment, 26 Pearson, Leonard, chapter on "Administration of medicines", 7-11 Pelvis-- fracture, description and treatment, 279 narrow, fracture, cause of difficult parturition, 178 Pemphigus, symptoms and treatment, 328 Penis-- inflammation from bruising, prevention and treatment, 155 ulcers affecting, cause and treatment, 157 warts and papillary growths, treatment, 156 wounds, cause and treatment, 156 Pennsylvania, foot-and-mouth disease, 388 Percussion method of examination, 92 Pericarditis, symptoms and treatment, 79 Periorbital and orbital abscess, symptoms and treatment, 352 Periostitis, aseptic, purulent, and fibrous, description and treatment, 265 Peritoneal hernia, description, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 41 Peritoneum, diseases affecting, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 45-47 Peritonitis-- causes, symptoms, and treatment, 45, 46 danger in castration of cattle, 300 Permanganate, use in production of formaldehyde gas, 365 Persistent urachus, description and treatment, 248 Pharyngeal polypi, description and treatment, 19 Pharyngitis, symptoms, causes, and treatment, 17 Pharynx-- diseases, description, symptoms, and treatment, 19-22 tumors affecting, description and treatment, 19 Philippine Islands, foot-and-mouth disease, 386 Phlebitis-- description and treatment, 86 umbilical, description, symptoms, and treatment, 249 Phosphorus poisoning, symptoms and treatment, 57 Pica, description, causes, and treatment, 28 Pink eye. _See_ Ophthalmia. _Piroplasma bigeminum_, _protozoan_ causing Texas fever, 530 Pityriasis, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 329 Plants, poisonous, description of poisoning, 63-69 Pleurisy, description, symptoms, and treatment, 95 Pleurodynia, description and treatment, 100 Pleuropneumonia-- cause, incubation, and symptoms, 369 definition and history, 366 post-mortem appearance, 373 prevention and treatment, 377 Pneumonia, description, symptoms, and treatment, 96 Pneumothorax, description and treatment, 99 Poison, definition, 51 Poisoning-- acid, description and treatment, 58

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