SPECIAL REPORT ON DISEASES OF CATTLE
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ny ways. The channel and method of administration depend on whether a general or local effect is desired, the condition of the animal, and the nature of the medicine that is to be given.
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gestion and cause local injury to the digestive organs, but may cause general poisoning of a severe and fatal type. The following molds have been shown (Dammann) to be dangerous in respe
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robang to push down any soft material, such as oats or chaff, as this generally condenses and renders firmer the obstructing substance by pressing its particles or elements together, so t
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e._--From the fact that this disease is largely one of regions, it is generally believed that some condition of the soil and water and of the local vegetation is responsible for it. It is
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aults in feeding than as a disease in itself. It occurs in almost all general fevers unless the bowels are involved in local disease, in obstructions of all kinds, from feeding on dry, bu
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he contents of the sac can not be returned into the abdomen, and this generally arises from the fact that some part of the contents of the sac has grown to or become adherent to the edges
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ote action may be exerted by the same drug. Poisons which act locally generally either destroy by corrosion the tissues with which they come in contact or by inhalation set up acute infla
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of chronic gastrointestinal catarrh, with indigestion, diarrhea, and general weakness and loss of condition. _Treatment._--The antidote for arsenic is a solution of hydrated oxid of iro
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onite is given whether indicated or not. Fortunately the dose used is generally small, and for this reason the damage done is much less than it would otherwise be. Aconite is one of the m
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the growth of bacteria, and bacteria may produce poisons in feeds. In general it may be said that any feed that is moldy, musty, or putrid is possibly dangerous. Silage, properly cured, d
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d often irregular. Respiration is difficult and rapid. There is great general weakness and depression. Death comes suddenly. _Treatment._--Treatment consists in supporting the animal by
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t of the diseases under consideration in this chapter. _Attitude and general condition._--The feeling of pain in animals suffering from serious affections of the organs of respiration is
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mucous membrane of the bronchial tubes. When a primary disease, it is generally the result of what is commonly known as "catching cold." It may be secondary to or complicated with many of
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without much uncertainty. The first signs may be those of frenzy, but generally at the start the animal is dull and sleepy, with little or no inclination to move about; the head may be pr
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and up on account of the paralysis of the hind quarters. This form is generally attributed to feeding on feeds containing insufficient protein and ash. It is most likely to occur in cows
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passing of a catheter is an operation which demands special skill. _General symptoms of urinary disorders._--These are not so prominent in cattle as in horses, yet they are of a similar
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his advanced stage to relieve dropsy and give tone to the kidneys and general system (oil of turpentine, 2 teaspoonfuls; bicarbonate of soda, 1 teaspoonful, repeated twice a day). Pure wa
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ere are exceptions, they are so rare that they do not invalidate this general rule. It is true that stone in the kidney or bladder is often found in the summer or in animals feeding at th
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sting the special cause of each as found in the feed, water, soil, or general conditions of health. This classification affords no guide to their location or symptoms, as calculi of the s
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c., in Cornell University._ [Revised by Adolph Eichhorn, D. V. S.] GENERAL DISCUSSION. Diseases of the generative organs are practically confined to animals which are kept for reprodu
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and general obstacles to conception should be carefully investigated and removed. The vigorous health which comes from a
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will refuse the male persistently, but these in no way invalidate the general rule. The bull, no matter how vigorous or how ardent his sexual instinct, can not be made to pay any attenti
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med these findings. _Cause._--The _Bacterium abortus_ of Bang is now generally recognized as the causative agent of the disease of cattle. Formerly it was thought that abortion was due t
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w, however, is not substantiated by other investigators, it being now generally accepted that the disease is only rarely responsible for abortion, and further, that it exerts no apparent
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either in the flank or with a trocar and cannula through the anus. GENERAL DROPSY OF THE CALF. This occurs from watery blood or disease of some internal organ, like the liver or kidne
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re beset with similar drawbacks, and are to be dealt with on the same general principles. (Pl. XVII, fig. 4.) With the back turned to one side the body should be rotated until the back tu
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se. No part is wedged into the pelvic passages as a complication. The general principles are the same as in faulty presentation fore and hind, and no time should be lost in making the man
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eet engaged in pelvis. A very serious malpresentation, in which it is generally impossible to save the fetus if delivery is far advanced. The indications are to force back the hind feet.
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even gangrene are shown in the mass. At the moment of protrusion the general health is not altered, but soon the inflammation and fever with the violent and continued straining induce ex
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nt, simple or associated with putrefaction of its liquid contents and general poisoning, or it may extend so that the inflammation affects the lining membrane of the whole abdominal cavit
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s, dullness, drowsiness, suspension of rumination and appetite, and a general indifference to surrounding objects. Soon the cow lies down, or falls and is unable to rise, but for one or t
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tained with such offensive products should be thoroughly washed. The general treatment of contagious mammitis does not differ from that of the simple form, except that antiseptics should
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septic germ and is associated with fetid discharge from the navel and general putrid blood poisoning. In estimating the causes of the disease we must not omit debility of the calf when th
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t the presence of some of the septic bacteria, and the results on the general system are a high fever and softening of the liver and spleen and no tendency to abscesses of the internal or
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n this way. The same may come from disease in the cow's udder, or any general disease of the cow with attendant fever, and in all such cases the tendency is to rapid change and unwholesom
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appears desirable to describe some of the characteristics of forms in general and of a few classes into which they may be divided, leaving the special study of individual bones to the ill
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is one in which other structures surrounding the bones are injured. GENERAL SYMPTOMS OF FRACTURE.--When a fracture of one or more of the large bones of a limb occurs, symptoms are sure
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side will be less prominent than the other. Careful manipulation will generally move the parts so that crepitus may be recognized. If the fracture is through the posterior part of the bon
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ed three or four times at intervals of three weeks. The lameness will generally begin to disappear about the third or fourth month if the above-described treatment proves beneficial. Shou
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ack may be used. Various types of dehorning shears or clippers are in general use. One type of dehorner has a stationary knife edge with its cutting edge shaped like a very wide V, and op
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fully dealt with under another heading. We would add, however, that, generally speaking, the animal, after being castrated, should either be regularly exercised or be allowed freedom so
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ions of the tumor by a pathologist will be found most satisfactory. GENERAL TREATMENT OF TUMORS. For benign tumors treatment is required only when it damages the animal's value or when
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By M. R. TRUMBOWER, D. V. S. [Revised by John R. Mohler, V. M. D.] GENERAL DISCUSSION. The skin consists of two parts--a superficial layer, the epidermis, or cuticle, and the deep, or
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lved. We must endeavor to remove the cause by giving attention to the general health of the animal and to its environment. Feeding should be moderate in quantity and not too stimulating i
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e spontaneously or follow a scar after an injury. _Symptoms._--Kelis generally appears below the knee or hock, and may occur singly or in numbers. There are no constitutional symptoms. I
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d for a little distance forward on its outward surface, the cornea is generally said to be fitted into the sclerotic like a watch glass into its rim. The venous canal of Schlemm runs circ
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r of refraction is lost--the animal can not see. _Causes._--Cataract generally arises from a diminution (atrophy) or other change in the nutrition of the lens; it may occur as a result o
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RFY EARS. Cattle are subject to scurfy ears, which may be owing to a generally morbid condition of the skin, or may be confined to the ears alone. The affected animal shows an inclinatio
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he usual manner, by an inflammation of the lungs and pleurÊ, which is generally extensive, and which has a tendency to invade portions of these organs not primarily affected and to cause
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ay bloat and later be affected with a severe diarrhea. Such cases are generally fatal in 7 to 20 days. Very often the attack comes on slowly and the symptoms are much less clear. In the
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. It is then a difficult undertaking, simply because the contagion is generally widely disseminated before any measures are adopted, and because a great majority of cattle owners will nev
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ot or ground itch of cattle, the inflammation of the skin and toes is general and not in certain spots, as in foot-and-mouth disease. The mouth remains unaffected, and the presence of the
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gives off the odor of rancid butter. The internal hemorrhages are not general, although they may occur. A microscopic examination of the juices from the tumefaction will show the blackleg
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animals or to damage the surroundings. The cow remains quiet and the general muscular contraction gives her a rigid appearance. There is an absence of paralysis which marks the advanced
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imals together, drafts of air which cause colds and catarrhs, and, in general, everything which prevents the animals from developing and maintaining the highest condition of health. None
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nd when the disease had yet made but little progress. It is now quite generally employed. The tuberculin test came into existence through the most careful and thorough scientific experim
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reameries, with the offal of the abattoirs, with the household refuse generally, and behind tuberculous cattle. If tuberculosis is common among cattle, it is likely to be transmitted to h
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tely fatal in cattle after eight to nine weeks; 4 likewise produced a generalized tuberculosis, but which certainly had a more chronic course, while 1 of the cultures caused only an infil
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fresh condition under a microscope magnifying up to 250 diameters the general structure is made out without much difficulty. These grains consist of collections of minute, roundish masses
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se. Actinomycosis is not infrequent in cattle in the Southwest and is generally supposed to be the result of eating the prickly fruit of the cactus plant, causing wounds of the mucous mem
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ys already described. If the disease begins in the skin, it agrees in general with the subacute form in prolonged duration, and it may occasionally terminate in recovery if the swellings
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_Symptoms and lesions._--The symptoms of blackleg may be either of a general or of a local nature, though more frequently of the latter. The general symptoms are very much like those bel
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of the multiplication of the bacilli at the point of inoculation. The general affection is an intoxication, or poisoning, of the whole system produced by a soluble toxin elaborated by the
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death, can be removed without pain to the animal. The intestines are generally normal, but, together with the peritoneum, they may be inflamed, and the lungs are usually the seat of an e
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d show very plainly. (Pl. XLVI, figs. 6 and 7.) _Prevention._--It is generally accepted that if southern cattle are entirely free from that species of tick known as _Margaropus annulatus
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apsed to leave no doubt that eradication has been accomplished. As a general rule it has been found that if dipping is begun in March and systematically and thoroughly done, all cattle b
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thereby retard the final recovery. Medical treatment of the sick has generally been unsatisfactory, although in chronic cases and those occurring late in the fall beneficial results have
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t damage the horn, and congregate there only to rest. In view of the general practice of dehorning cattle, the name hornfly is less distinctive than it once was. Moreover, hornflies rest
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sed that the ox warbles of this country were all of the one kind. The general appearance, life history, and effects of the European species are much the same as those of the American form
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gh this parasite has been accused of producing serious effects, it is generally considered harmless. Several species of roundworms may occur in the fourth stomach. Two of these are of sp
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of the animal may be comparatively good. It is rare that one sees a generalized edema in slaughtered cattle as a result of fluke invasion, and even in the heaviest infections of you
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iption, symptoms, and treatment, 464-469 dropsy-- general, cause and treatment, 180 of abdomen, description and treatment,
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bones, description and treatment, 277 general symptoms and treatment, 272, 273 hip point, causes and treatment,
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id, description and treatment, 350 general treatment, 309 kidney, description,
period of incubation of ticks, 486
prevention, 487
quarantine regulations, 495
symptoms and pathological changes after death, 478-480
tick eradication, plan of work, 487
Threadworms in abdominal cavity of cattle, 529
Throat, sore, symptoms, causes, and treatment, 17
Thrombosis, description and symptoms, 85
Thrush--
calf, description and treatment, 263
parasite (_Saccharomyces albicans_), cause, 263
Ticks--
cattle, time required to kill, 488
ear, 518
injury to cattle hides, 484
parasites of cattle, note, 502
_See also_ Cattle tick; Texas fever.
_Tilletia caries_ in wheat, effect on cattle, 13
_Tinea favosa_, description, symptoms, and treatment, 332
_Tinea tonsurans_, description, symptoms, and treatment, 332
Tracheotomy, description, 294
Traumatic inflammation of the stomach, cause,
symptoms, and treatment, 34
Trichiasis, treatment, 350
_Trichodectes scalaris_ (red louse), description and treatment, 513
_Trichophyton tonsurans_, fungus causing _Tinea tonsurans_, 332
Trumbower, M. R.--
chapter on "Diseases of the ear", 353-357
chapter on "Diseases of the eye and its appendages", 340-354
chapter on "Diseases of the foot", 335-339
chapter on "Diseases of the skin", 320-334
_Trypanosoma brucei_, cause of nagana, or tsetse-fly disease, 500
Tsetse-fly disease, description, symptoms, and treatment, 500
Tuberculin test--
description and history, 417
harmless to healthy animals, 426
summary of directions for making, 427
_Tuberculosis_--
bovine, and public health, 430
cause and nature of disease, 411
occurrence, 407
statistics of tests in United States, 410
symptoms and diagnosis, 416-417
transmissibility of human and bovine, 432
treatment, 428
Tumor--
bony, description and treatment, 314
chrondroma, description and treatment, 314
fibroma, description and treatment, 311
hairy, on eyeball, description and treatment, 349
lipoma, description and treatment, 314
sarcoma, description and treatment, 315
Tumors--
brain, description, 112
calf, description and treatment, 181
cattle, chapter by John R. Mohler, 303-319
definition and description, 303
description, 303, 305, 307
description of kinds, 309
diagnosis, 308
eyelid, description and treatment, 350
general treatment, 309
kidney, description, 128
malignant and benign, description, 306
orbit, cause and treatment, 353
pharynx, description and treatment, 19
Twisted stomach worms, description and treatment, 519-523
Twisting--
and knotting of the bowels, causes, symptoms,
post-mortem appearance, and treatment, 35
of the neck of the womb, description and treatment, 176
Tympanites--
acute, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 22
chronic, causes and treatment, 25
Udder--
congestion, description and treatment, 233
contagious inflammation affecting, description,
prevention, and treatment, 237
inflammation, description, symptoms, and treatment, 234
Ulceration, heel, causes and treatment, 337
Ulcerative stomatitis. _See_ Necrotic stomatitis.
Ulcers--
calves. _See_ Necrotic stomatitis.
cornea, cause, symptoms, and treatment, 347
penis, cause and treatment, 157
Umbilical hernia--
description, causes, and treatment, 39
symptoms and treatment, 252
Umbilical phlebitis, description, causes, and treatment, 249
Urachus--
inflammation, causes and treatment, 248
persistent, description and treatment, 248
Ureteral calculi, description and treatment, 139
Urethra, inflammation affecting, description and treatment, 156
Urethral calculus, symptoms and treatment, 142
Urinary calculi--
classification, 138
description and causes, 130, 137
effect of different feeds, 133
Urinary disorders, symptoms, 118
Urinary organs--
diseases, chapter by James Law, 113-146
functions, 113
Urine--
albumin in, description and treatment, 121
amount passed daily, 115
analyses under different rations, 114
bloody, caused by blood flukes, 526
bloody, description, symptoms, and treatment, 119
cow, analysis, 114
discharged through navel, description and treatment, 248
excessive secretion, cause and treatment, 118
incontinence, cause and treatment, 130
ox, analysis, 115
retention, effect, cause, and treatment, 128
sugar in, description, 123
Urticaria, description, causes and treatment, 124
Uruguay, foot-and-mouth disease, 386
Uterus--
hernia affecting, cause and treatment, 162
polypus affecting, description and treatment, 157
Vaccination, disadvantages in use against anthrax, 457
Vaccine--
anthrax, care and use, 457
blackleg, free distribution, note, 463
preparation and use against hemorrhagic septicemia, 395
Vagina--
clots of blood on walls, description and treatment, 220
inflammation, causes and treatment, 223
lacerations and rupture, description and treatment, 219
polypus affecting, description and treatment, 157
_VaginÊ prolapsus_, description and treatment, 162
Vaginal walls, affected with coagulated blood after calving,
treatment, 179
Vaginitis, causes and treatment, 223
Valves, heart, diseases affecting, symptoms and treatment, 80
Variola, description, symptoms, and treatment, 438
Vegetable--
acids, poisonous, description and treatment, 58
poisons--
note, 61
uses as medicine, description, symptoms, and treatment, 61-69
Veins--
inflammation, description and treatment, 86
wounds, description and treatment, 83
Venereal desire, diminution or loss, cause,
prevention, and treatment, 149
Venereal excess, cause and treatment, 148
Venomous stings. _See_ Snake bites.
Ventral hernia, description and causes, 37
Verminous bronchitis--
description, symptoms, and prevention, 100
_parasites_ causing, 100
Vermont, foot-and-mouth disease, 387
Verruca, description, cause, and treatment, 331
Vertebra, fracture, description, and treatment, 279
Vesical calculus, symptoms and treatment, 142
Vesicular eruption of genital organs, description,
symptoms, and treatment, 401
Vesicular exanthema, symptoms and treatment, 401
Veterinarians, views on foot-and-mouth disease in man, 395
Virginia, foot-and-mouth disease, 388
Vitreous humor of the eye, description, 342
Vomiting, symptoms, cause, and treatment, 27
Wall, hoof, fissure, description and treatment, 338
Warble fly--
damages, estimate, 510
European species, appearance in United States, 510
Warbles--
description and treatment, 507
penetration of skins of cattle, 508
reference, 333
Warts--
description, causes, and treatment, 312, 331
penis, treatment, 156
teats, treatment, 243
Washington, foot-and-mouth disease, 388
Wasp stings, description and treatment, 71
Water--
blisters, symptoms and treatment, 328
cold, drinking, a cause of indigestion, symptoms and treatment, 33
head of calf, description and treatment, 179
Weather, relation to occurrence of mycotic stomatitis, 392
Wens, description and treatment, 330
West Virginia, foot-and-mouth disease, 388
Wisconsin, foot-and-mouth disease, 388
Withers, casting, cause and treatment, 215
Wolf in the tail, imaginary disease, 27
Womb--
bleeding from, description, symptoms, and treatment, 214
dropsy, description and treatment, 162
eversion, cause and treatment, 215
fetus developing outside, description and treatment, 163
inflammation, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 224
mouth, induration, description and treatment, 176
rupture, cause and treatment, 219
twisting of neck, description and treatment, 176
Wooden tongue. _See_ Actinomycosis.
Wood-ill, description, symptoms, and treatment, 119
Worm--
encysted stomach, description and treatment, 523
eye, description and treatment, 349
Worms--
bladder, description, 528
lung, of cattle, description and treatment, 530
screw, description and remedies, 506
thread, in abdominal cavity of cattle, 529
twisted stomach, description and treatment, 519-520
Wounds--
abdomen, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 43
arteries and veins, description and treatment, 83
contused and lacerated, description and treatment, 298
contusions of the lips and snake bites of mouth,
description and treatment, 14
danger of infection from foot-and-mouth disease, 394
drainage, necessity, 298
gullet, description and treatment, 22
healing, treatment and dressing, description, 298
hoof, treatment, 338
incised--
description and treatment, 295
punctured, and lacerated, description and treatment, 295-299
mouth, snake bites and contusions of lips, treatment, 14
penis, cause and treatment, 156
skin, kinds, description, and treatment, 333-334
treatment, summary of care after dressing, 298
Yellows, description, symptoms, and treatment, 44
Zinc poisoning, description and treatment, 57
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