SPECIAL REPORT ON DISEASES OF CATTLE TEXT

United States Bureau of Animal Industry · 1908 · 1.5 MB PUBLIC-DOMAIN BOOK BOOK DETAILS DOWNLOAD

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Page 1 6 matches ny ways. The channel and method of administration depend on whether a general or local effect is desired, the condition of the animal, and the nature of the medicine that is to be given. Page 2 5 matches gestion and cause local injury to the digestive organs, but may cause general poisoning of a severe and fatal type. The following molds have been shown (Dammann) to be dangerous in respe Page 3 5 matches robang to push down any soft material, such as oats or chaff, as this generally condenses and renders firmer the obstructing substance by pressing its particles or elements together, so t Page 4 2 matches e._--From the fact that this disease is largely one of regions, it is generally believed that some condition of the soil and water and of the local vegetation is responsible for it. It is Page 5 7 matches aults in feeding than as a disease in itself. It occurs in almost all general fevers unless the bowels are involved in local disease, in obstructions of all kinds, from feeding on dry, bu Page 6 5 matches he contents of the sac can not be returned into the abdomen, and this generally arises from the fact that some part of the contents of the sac has grown to or become adherent to the edges Page 7 6 matches ote action may be exerted by the same drug. Poisons which act locally generally either destroy by corrosion the tissues with which they come in contact or by inhalation set up acute infla Page 8 5 matches of chronic gastrointestinal catarrh, with indigestion, diarrhea, and general weakness and loss of condition. _Treatment._--The antidote for arsenic is a solution of hydrated oxid of iro Page 9 5 matches onite is given whether indicated or not. Fortunately the dose used is generally small, and for this reason the damage done is much less than it would otherwise be. Aconite is one of the m Page 10 9 matches the growth of bacteria, and bacteria may produce poisons in feeds. In general it may be said that any feed that is moldy, musty, or putrid is possibly dangerous. Silage, properly cured, d Page 11 5 matches d often irregular. Respiration is difficult and rapid. There is great general weakness and depression. Death comes suddenly. _Treatment._--Treatment consists in supporting the animal by Page 12 6 matches t of the diseases under consideration in this chapter. _Attitude and general condition._--The feeling of pain in animals suffering from serious affections of the organs of respiration is Page 13 9 matches mucous membrane of the bronchial tubes. When a primary disease, it is generally the result of what is commonly known as "catching cold." It may be secondary to or complicated with many of Page 14 5 matches without much uncertainty. The first signs may be those of frenzy, but generally at the start the animal is dull and sleepy, with little or no inclination to move about; the head may be pr Page 15 3 matches and up on account of the paralysis of the hind quarters. This form is generally attributed to feeding on feeds containing insufficient protein and ash. It is most likely to occur in cows Page 16 4 matches passing of a catheter is an operation which demands special skill. _General symptoms of urinary disorders._--These are not so prominent in cattle as in horses, yet they are of a similar Page 17 4 matches his advanced stage to relieve dropsy and give tone to the kidneys and general system (oil of turpentine, 2 teaspoonfuls; bicarbonate of soda, 1 teaspoonful, repeated twice a day). Pure wa Page 18 3 matches ere are exceptions, they are so rare that they do not invalidate this general rule. It is true that stone in the kidney or bladder is often found in the summer or in animals feeding at th Page 19 3 matches sting the special cause of each as found in the feed, water, soil, or general conditions of health. This classification affords no guide to their location or symptoms, as calculi of the s Page 20 2 matches c., in Cornell University._ [Revised by Adolph Eichhorn, D. V. S.] GENERAL DISCUSSION. Diseases of the generative organs are practically confined to animals which are kept for reprodu Page 21 2 matches and general obstacles to conception should be carefully investigated and removed. The vigorous health which comes from a Page 22 5 matches will refuse the male persistently, but these in no way invalidate the general rule. The bull, no matter how vigorous or how ardent his sexual instinct, can not be made to pay any attenti Page 23 3 matches med these findings. _Cause._--The _Bacterium abortus_ of Bang is now generally recognized as the causative agent of the disease of cattle. Formerly it was thought that abortion was due t Page 24 2 matches w, however, is not substantiated by other investigators, it being now generally accepted that the disease is only rarely responsible for abortion, and further, that it exerts no apparent Page 25 5 matches either in the flank or with a trocar and cannula through the anus. GENERAL DROPSY OF THE CALF. This occurs from watery blood or disease of some internal organ, like the liver or kidne Page 26 1 match re beset with similar drawbacks, and are to be dealt with on the same general principles. (Pl. XVII, fig. 4.) With the back turned to one side the body should be rotated until the back tu Page 28 2 matches se. No part is wedged into the pelvic passages as a complication. The general principles are the same as in faulty presentation fore and hind, and no time should be lost in making the man Page 29 2 matches eet engaged in pelvis. A very serious malpresentation, in which it is generally impossible to save the fetus if delivery is far advanced. The indications are to force back the hind feet. Page 30 2 matches even gangrene are shown in the mass. At the moment of protrusion the general health is not altered, but soon the inflammation and fever with the violent and continued straining induce ex Page 31 5 matches nt, simple or associated with putrefaction of its liquid contents and general poisoning, or it may extend so that the inflammation affects the lining membrane of the whole abdominal cavit Page 32 6 matches s, dullness, drowsiness, suspension of rumination and appetite, and a general indifference to surrounding objects. Soon the cow lies down, or falls and is unable to rise, but for one or t Page 33 1 match tained with such offensive products should be thoroughly washed. The general treatment of contagious mammitis does not differ from that of the simple form, except that antiseptics should Page 34 1 match septic germ and is associated with fetid discharge from the navel and general putrid blood poisoning. In estimating the causes of the disease we must not omit debility of the calf when th Page 35 4 matches t the presence of some of the septic bacteria, and the results on the general system are a high fever and softening of the liver and spleen and no tendency to abscesses of the internal or Page 36 6 matches n this way. The same may come from disease in the cow's udder, or any general disease of the cow with attendant fever, and in all such cases the tendency is to rapid change and unwholesom Page 37 2 matches appears desirable to describe some of the characteristics of forms in general and of a few classes into which they may be divided, leaving the special study of individual bones to the ill Page 38 10 matches is one in which other structures surrounding the bones are injured. GENERAL SYMPTOMS OF FRACTURE.--When a fracture of one or more of the large bones of a limb occurs, symptoms are sure Page 39 8 matches side will be less prominent than the other. Careful manipulation will generally move the parts so that crepitus may be recognized. If the fracture is through the posterior part of the bon Page 40 8 matches ed three or four times at intervals of three weeks. The lameness will generally begin to disappear about the third or fourth month if the above-described treatment proves beneficial. Shou Page 41 3 matches ack may be used. Various types of dehorning shears or clippers are in general use. One type of dehorner has a stationary knife edge with its cutting edge shaped like a very wide V, and op Page 42 2 matches fully dealt with under another heading. We would add, however, that, generally speaking, the animal, after being castrated, should either be regularly exercised or be allowed freedom so Page 43 2 matches ions of the tumor by a pathologist will be found most satisfactory. GENERAL TREATMENT OF TUMORS. For benign tumors treatment is required only when it damages the animal's value or when Page 44 3 matches By M. R. TRUMBOWER, D. V. S. [Revised by John R. Mohler, V. M. D.] GENERAL DISCUSSION. The skin consists of two parts--a superficial layer, the epidermis, or cuticle, and the deep, or Page 45 10 matches lved. We must endeavor to remove the cause by giving attention to the general health of the animal and to its environment. Feeding should be moderate in quantity and not too stimulating i Page 46 4 matches e spontaneously or follow a scar after an injury. _Symptoms._--Kelis generally appears below the knee or hock, and may occur singly or in numbers. There are no constitutional symptoms. I Page 47 4 matches d for a little distance forward on its outward surface, the cornea is generally said to be fitted into the sclerotic like a watch glass into its rim. The venous canal of Schlemm runs circ Page 48 8 matches r of refraction is lost--the animal can not see. _Causes._--Cataract generally arises from a diminution (atrophy) or other change in the nutrition of the lens; it may occur as a result o Page 49 14 matches RFY EARS. Cattle are subject to scurfy ears, which may be owing to a generally morbid condition of the skin, or may be confined to the ears alone. The affected animal shows an inclinatio Page 50 2 matches he usual manner, by an inflammation of the lungs and pleurÊ, which is generally extensive, and which has a tendency to invade portions of these organs not primarily affected and to cause Page 51 5 matches ay bloat and later be affected with a severe diarrhea. Such cases are generally fatal in 7 to 20 days. Very often the attack comes on slowly and the symptoms are much less clear. In the Page 52 4 matches . It is then a difficult undertaking, simply because the contagion is generally widely disseminated before any measures are adopted, and because a great majority of cattle owners will nev Page 54 3 matches ot or ground itch of cattle, the inflammation of the skin and toes is general and not in certain spots, as in foot-and-mouth disease. The mouth remains unaffected, and the presence of the Page 55 5 matches gives off the odor of rancid butter. The internal hemorrhages are not general, although they may occur. A microscopic examination of the juices from the tumefaction will show the blackleg Page 56 3 matches animals or to damage the surroundings. The cow remains quiet and the general muscular contraction gives her a rigid appearance. There is an absence of paralysis which marks the advanced Page 57 7 matches imals together, drafts of air which cause colds and catarrhs, and, in general, everything which prevents the animals from developing and maintaining the highest condition of health. None Page 58 3 matches nd when the disease had yet made but little progress. It is now quite generally employed. The tuberculin test came into existence through the most careful and thorough scientific experim Page 59 3 matches reameries, with the offal of the abattoirs, with the household refuse generally, and behind tuberculous cattle. If tuberculosis is common among cattle, it is likely to be transmitted to h Page 60 17 matches tely fatal in cattle after eight to nine weeks; 4 likewise produced a generalized tuberculosis, but which certainly had a more chronic course, while 1 of the cultures caused only an infil Page 61 4 matches fresh condition under a microscope magnifying up to 250 diameters the general structure is made out without much difficulty. These grains consist of collections of minute, roundish masses Page 62 6 matches se. Actinomycosis is not infrequent in cattle in the Southwest and is generally supposed to be the result of eating the prickly fruit of the cactus plant, causing wounds of the mucous mem Page 63 1 match ys already described. If the disease begins in the skin, it agrees in general with the subacute form in prolonged duration, and it may occasionally terminate in recovery if the swellings Page 64 5 matches _Symptoms and lesions._--The symptoms of blackleg may be either of a general or of a local nature, though more frequently of the latter. The general symptoms are very much like those bel Page 65 5 matches of the multiplication of the bacilli at the point of inoculation. The general affection is an intoxication, or poisoning, of the whole system produced by a soluble toxin elaborated by the Page 66 4 matches death, can be removed without pain to the animal. The intestines are generally normal, but, together with the peritoneum, they may be inflamed, and the lungs are usually the seat of an e Page 67 2 matches d show very plainly. (Pl. XLVI, figs. 6 and 7.) _Prevention._--It is generally accepted that if southern cattle are entirely free from that species of tick known as _Margaropus annulatus Page 68 2 matches apsed to leave no doubt that eradication has been accomplished. As a general rule it has been found that if dipping is begun in March and systematically and thoroughly done, all cattle b Page 69 2 matches thereby retard the final recovery. Medical treatment of the sick has generally been unsatisfactory, although in chronic cases and those occurring late in the fall beneficial results have Page 70 4 matches t damage the horn, and congregate there only to rest. In view of the general practice of dehorning cattle, the name hornfly is less distinctive than it once was. Moreover, hornflies rest Page 71 3 matches sed that the ox warbles of this country were all of the one kind. The general appearance, life history, and effects of the European species are much the same as those of the American form Page 72 7 matches gh this parasite has been accused of producing serious effects, it is generally considered harmless. Several species of roundworms may occur in the fourth stomach. Two of these are of sp Page 73 5 matches of the animal may be comparatively good. It is rare that one sees a generalized edema in slaughtered cattle as a result of fluke invasion, and even in the heaviest infections of you Page 75 2 matches iption, symptoms, and treatment, 464-469 dropsy-- general, cause and treatment, 180 of abdomen, description and treatment, Page 76 2 matches bones, description and treatment, 277 general symptoms and treatment, 272, 273 hip point, causes and treatment, Page 79 1 match id, description and treatment, 350 general treatment, 309 kidney, description,

value as remedy for stomach worms, 521-523 "Feeding-lot" method of freeing cattle and pastures from ticks, 494-497 Fetlock-- fracture below, treatment, 282 sprain, causes and treatment, 269 Fetus-- developing outside womb, description and treatment, 163 membranes, dropsy affecting, description and treatment, 162 prolonged retention, description and treatment, 164 Fever-- milk, description, symptoms, and treatment, 226-237 parturition, description, symptoms, and treatment, 226 southern, splenetic, or Texas. _See_ Texas fever. Fibroma-- interdigital, description and treatment, 338 tumor, description and treatment, 311 Fibrous periostitis, description and treatment, 266 _Filaria cervina_, worm found in the eye, 349 _Filaria lablato-papillosa_, parasitic roundworm of cattle, 524 _Filaria oculi_, description and treatment, 349 Fissure of the wall of hoof, description and treatment, 338 Fistula, milk, description and treatment, 245 Flies-- injurious to cattle, 502-506 larval, note, 502 Flooding from womb, description and treatment, 214 Fluke disease, control by use of lime, 526 Flukes, prevention by drainage, 526 Fly-- Spanish, poison, description and treatment, 70 stable, breeding places, 503 Fly preventives, injury to cattle by poisoning, 503 Flytrap, use against stable flies, 503 Fluke, disease of cattle, 526 Flukes, liver and lungs, description, 526 Foods, character, effect on digestive organs, 12 Foot-- diseases affecting, chapter by M. R. Trumbower, 335-339 foul, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 336 soreness, description and treatment, 335 Foot rot, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 336 Foot-and-mouth disease-- benign, simple, or noninfectious, 535 danger to man, 394-395 description, cause, symptoms, etc., 383-395 diagnosis, 391-392 eradication by slaughter, efficacy, 394 incubation period, 384 losses other than by death of animal, 384 mortality, 384, 391 occurrence in various countries of world, 385-386 prevention and eradication, 392-394 similarity to mycotic stomatitis, 536 symptoms, 383, 389-391 symptoms in man, 394 United States, outbreaks, 386-389 Forage, insects on, description of poisonous effect, 70 Formaldehyde gas, liberation by use of permanganate, 365 Foul in foot, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 336 Founder, description, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 335 Fractures-- below hock and fetlock, description and treatment, 282 compound, comminuted, and complicated, 271 description of different kinds, and treatment, 271-282 face bones, description and treatment, 277 general symptoms and treatment, 272, 273 hip point, causes and treatment, 280 horns, description and treatment, 277 limbs, description and appliances for treatment, 281-2 lower jaw, cause and treatment, 278 metacarpus and metatarsus, description and treatment, 282 pelvis, description and treatment, 178, 279 ribs, cause and treatment, 281 special, descriptions and treatment, 277 spinal column, description and treatment, 279 vertebra, description and treatment, 279 France, foot-and-mouth disease, 385 Froesch, note on destruction of foot-and-mouth infection, 395 Frostbites-- ears, symptoms and treatment, 357 treatment, 334 Fungi, poisonous, description of poisoning, 70 Fungoid growth of the ear, cause and treatment, 356 Fungus hematodes-- cause and treatment, 353 description, 316 Furunculus, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 328 Ganglionic division of the nervous system, 103 Gangrene, danger in castration of cattle, 300 Gangrenous septicemia, symptoms and treatment, 472 Garget, description and treatment, 233 Gas-- cause of swelling in calf, treatment, 181 under the skin, symptoms and treatment, 334 Gastroenteritis, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 33 Gastrointestinal catarrh, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 29, 32 Generative organs-- diseases, chapter by James Law, 147-214 discussion, 147 Genital organs, vesicular eruption affecting, description, symptoms, and treatment, 401 Germany, foot-and-mouth disease, 385-386 Gestation, extra-uterine, description and treatment, 163 Gid, parasite of sheep and cattle, 528 Glands, skin, location and use, 321 Gnats, buffalo, description and remedy, 505 Goiter, cause, description, symptoms, and treatment, 310 Gonorrhea, description and treatment, 156 Gravel-- description and cause, 130 effect of different feeds, 132 in prepuce or sheath, treatment, 144 Great Britain, foot-and-mouth disease, 386 Grubs, cattle, description, 507 Gullet-- diseases affecting, description, symptoms, and treatment, 17-22 wounds and injuries, cause and treatment, 22 Gut tie, description, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 41 _HÊmatopinus eurysternus_ and _H. vituli_, description and treatment, 508 _HÊmonchus contortus_, description and treatment, 519 Hair balls, cause, 29 Hair, description, 320 Harbaugh, W. H.-- chapter on "Diseases of the heart, blood vessels, and lymphatics", 73-86 chapter on "Diseases of the nervous system", 101-112 Haw, inflammation and enlargement, description and treatment, 354 Health, public, relation of actinomycosis, 447 Heart-- blood vessels and lymphatics, chapter by W. H. Harbaugh, 73-86 description, 73 dilation and hypertrophy, description, 82 examination of, 77 fatty degeneration, description, 82 injury by foreign bodies, description, symptoms, and treatment, 78 misplacement, description, 83 palpitation, description, 78 rupture, description, 82 valves, diseases affecting, symptoms and treatment, 82 Heat prostration, symptoms and treatment, 108 Heaves, description and treatment, 98 Heel, ulcerations, causes and treatment, 337 Hemaglobinuria or hematuria, description, symptoms, and treatment, 119 Hematodes, fungus, description, 316 Hemoptysis, description and treatment, 99 Hemorrhage-- danger in castration of cattle, 300 treatment, 83 Hemorrhagic septicemia, causes, symptoms, etc, 397-401 Hepatitis, symptoms and treatment, 45 Hernia-- bowel, description and treatment, 38 danger in castration of cattle, 300 peritoneal, description, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 41 rennet, description and treatment, 38 rumen, description and cause, 37 stomach, description and treatment, 38 umbilical, description, causes, and treatment, 41, 252 uterus, cause and treatment, 162 ventral, description and causes, 37 Hides, injury by cattle ticks, 484 Hip point, fracture, causes and treatment, 280 Hip sprain, cause and treatment, 270 Hock-- fracture below, description and treatment, 282 fracture, treatment, 281 Hollow horn, imaginary disease, 27 Hoof-- deformities, causes and treatment, 338 loss, causes and treatment, 336 split, description and treatment, 338 wall, fissure affecting, description and treatment, 338 wounds and pricks, treatment, 338 Horns, fracture, description and treatment, 277 Horses-- dose of vaccine against anthrax, 457 ear tick, note, 518 Hoven, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 22 Hydatids-- and flukes affecting the lungs of animals, 526 description and treatment, 526 Hydrocephalus, description and treatment, 179 Hydrophobia. _See_ Rabies. Hydrothorax, description and treatment, 99 Hygiene, pregnant cow, 160 Hygromata, description and treatment, 317 Hyperplasia, reference, 303 Hypertrophy-- description, 128 heart, with dilation, description, 82 _Hypoderma bovis_, new warble fly, 507 _Hypoderma lineata_, warble fly, description, 507 Illinois, foot-and-mouth disease, 388 Immunization, northern cattle against Texas fever, manner, 500 Impetigo, description, causes, and treatment, 327 Incised wounds, description and treatment, 295 Incontinence, urine, cause and treatment, 130 Incubation period of infectious diseases, 362 Indiana, foot-and-mouth disease, 388 Indigestion-- calves, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 32, 253 causes, symptoms, and treatment, 26, 29, 31 Induration-- tongue. _See_ Actinomycosis. womb mouth, description and treatment, 176 Infectious aphtha. _See_ Foot-and-mouth disease. Infectious catarrhal conjunctivitis, symptoms, treatment, and prevention, 345 Infectious catarrhal fever, description, symptoms, and treatment, 469-472 Infectious diseases-- cattle, chapter by John R. Mohler, 358-511 classification of symptoms and lesions, 359 general discussion, 358 incubation periods, 362 treatment, discussion, 362 Infectious ophthalmia, or infectious catarrhal conjunctivitis, 345 Inflammation-- brain and its membranes, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 103 contagious, of the udder, description, prevention, and treatment, 237 ear, symptoms and treatment, 355 haw, description and treatment, 354 kidneys, description, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 123 liver, symptoms and treatment, 45 mucous membrane of mouth, symptoms and treatment, 17 navel veins, description, symptoms, and treatment, 249 parotid gland, symptoms and treatment, 18 pyemic and septicemic, of joints of calves, symptoms and treatment, 251 sheath and penis from bruising, prevention and treatment, 155 sheath, causes and treatment, 153 spleen, description, 45 testicles, description and treatment, 152 traumatic, of the stomach, cause, symptoms, and treatment, 34 udder, description, symptoms, and treatment, 234 urachus, causes and treatment, 248 urethra, description and treatment, 156 vagina, causes and treatment, 223 veins, description and treatment, 86 womb, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 224 Inflammatory diseases, skin, description, symptoms, and treatment, 320-334 Inhalation of medicines, manner, 10 Inoculation, use against hemorrhagic septicemia, 401 Intercostal muscles, rheumatism affecting, description and treatment, 100 Interdigital fibroma, description and treatment, 338 Intestinal parasites, description and treatment, 523 Intestines, roundworms affecting, kind and treatment, 532 Intussusception, causes, symptoms, post-mortem appearance, and treatment, 35 Invagination, cause of obstruction of bowels, symptoms, and treatment, 35 Inversion-- eyelashes, treatment, 350 eyelid, description and treatment, 350 Iodin, tincture, use in punctured wounds, 297 Iowa, foot-and-mouth disease, 388 Iris, description, 341 Italy, foot-and-mouth disease, 385 Itch, scab, mites, and mange, description and treatment, 513 Itching, cause and treatment, 322 Japan, foot-and-mouth disease, 386 Jaundice, description, symptoms and treatment, 44 Jaw-- big, lump, or lumpy, _See_ Actinomycosis. lower, fracture, cause and treatment, 278 poverty, caused by twisted wireworms, 520 Jawbones, actinomycosis affecting, description and treatment, 440-449 Jensen, formula for protection of cattle from flies, 503 Joint-ill, description, symptoms, and treatment, 251 Kansas, foot-and-mouth disease, 388 Kelis, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 331 Kentucky, foot-and-mouth disease, 388 Keratitis, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 345 Kidney-- ox, description, 117 parasites affecting, discussion, 127 stone in, description and treatment, 139 Kidneys-- inflammation, description, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 123 tumors affecting, description, 128 Knee-- fracture below, description and treatment, 282 fracture, description and treatment, 281 tumors, description and treatment, 317 Knotting and twisting of bowels, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 35 Labor pains before relaxation of passages, 175 Lacerated wounds, description and treatment, 298 Laceration, eyelid, cause and treatment, 351 Lacerations-- and ruptures of the vagina, description and treatment, 219 ear, cause and treatment, 357 Lacrimal gland of the eye, description, 343 Lameness, symptom of foot-and-mouth disease, 383 Laminitis, description, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 335 Laryngitis, cause and treatment, 93 Laurel poisoning, description and treatment, 65 Law, James-- chapter on "Diseases following parturition", 214-246

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PUBLIC-DOMAIN BOOK Special Report on Diseases of Cattle United States Bureau of Animal Industryprimary

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