TALKS ON MANURES A SERIES OF FAMILIAR AND PRACTICAL TALKS BETWEEN THE AUTHOR AND THE DEACON, THE DOCTOR, AND OTHER NEIGHBORS, ON THE WHOLE SUBJECT
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* * * * * TALKS ON MANURES. A Series of Familiar and Practical Talks Between the Author and the Deacon, the Doctor, and Oth
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us, and this fact explains and confirms the common idea that shade is manure. The great object of agriculture is to convert the nitrogen of our soils, or of green crops plowed under,
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buy such food as will furnish the most nutriment and make the richest manure at the least cost--taking both of these objects into consideration. He will also buy more or less artifici
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manure one. Is this “high farming?” I think in my circumstances it is good farming, but it is not high farming. I
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or is defective, inasmuch as it makes no distinction between soil and manure. Both contain plant-food.” “What is your definition of manure?” asked Charley; “it would seem as though w
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manure, will almost invariably give us a greatly increased yield of grain crops. I should expect, on my farm, tha
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grass. And as all this produce was consumed on the farm, we made more manure than if we had plowed less land.” I have great faith in the benefits of thorough tillage--or, in other wo
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for manure alone, found it still more profitable to use it first for food, and then for manure afterwards. Mr. Lawes,
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depreciation of the value of the manure. In the foregoing analyses he will find the direct proof that as long as heavy showers of rain are exclude
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The above analyses are of value to those who buy fresh and fermented manure. They can form some idea of what they are getting. If they buy a ton of fresh manure in November, they get
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ectual means of preventing loss in fertilizing matters is to cart the manure directly on the field whenever circumstances allow this to be done. “7. On all soils with a moderate prop
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manure is handled but once. It is made in the yard and sheds, and lies there until it is drawn to the field in th
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corn-stalks and straw, and what they do not eat is thrown out of the mangers and racks, and used for bedding. I should state, too, that I keep a good many pigs, seldom having less t
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se and cart we drew to this heap, just as winter set in, every bit of manure that could be found on the premises, and everything that would make manure. When got all together, it made
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gument,” said the Deacon, “against your plan of piling and fermenting manure.” “Not at all,” I replied; “it is a strong reason for not letting manure lie under the eaves of an unspou
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oductive meadow or pasture for years to come--or until our young dairyman could afford to give it one of Harris Lewis’ “homœopathic” doses of 40 loads of good manure per acre. He woul
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In regard to the application of manure on a dairy-farm, we have seen what Harris Lewis does with his. I also wrote to T. L. Harison, Esq., of St.
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ed nothing but straw to stock is poor economy; and to rot it down for manure is no better. Straw itself is not worth $3.00 a ton for manure; and as one ton of straw, spread in an open
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or soiling, or make it into hay, feed it out to stock, and return the manure to the land. If clover got its nitrogen from the atmosphere, we might sell the clover, and depend on the r
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well known, is specially benefited by the application of nitrogenous manures, and as clover carries off so large a quantity of nitrogen, it is natural to expect the yield of wheat, a
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however, by no means proves its sufficiency for the production of so many crops of wheat; for, in the first place, it can not be shown that the whole of the phosphoric acid found by
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und in the clover-roots from the part of the field twice mown. In the manure, in which the decay of such and similar organic remains proceeds, much of the non-nitrogenous, or carbonac
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ch, by good cultivation, and the liberal use of animal and artificial manures, they may expect a good crop of wheat from the roots of the clover. But they take good care to feed out t
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wheat, or we must make more and richer manure, or we must plow in more clover. The rotation, which many of us now adopt--corn, barley, wheat--is profita
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crease per | | | Produce per Acre, etc. |Acre by Manure.| | | P --------------+----+----+----+----+---------------+ | | l Dressed corn. | |
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reduced the plots, previously so differently circumstanced both as to manure and produce, to something like an uniform standard as regards their grain-producing qualities. “Plot 2 ha
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.. | .. | .. | .. | 200 | .. | 200 | 300 | .. | 500 | 20 | Unmanured.| .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 21}| .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
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with the difference in the crop; 8_a_ was left this year without any manure, and though it had received a liberal supply of mineral manures the year before, and minerals and ammonia-
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+----+----+------+-----+------+----+----+--- The plot continuously unmanured, gives about 16 bushels of wheat per acre. The plot with barn-yard manure, nearly 30 bushels per acre.
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per Acre, || | Produce per Acre, | etc. (For the Manures || | etc. (For the Manures P | see pp. 202 and 203.) || P | see pp. 202 and 203.)
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until the 16th of March 1853. You will see that the produce on the unmanured plot was less than 6 bushels per acre. With barn-yard manure, 19 bushels, and with a heavy dressing of am
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om the air_. This is an important fact. Lime may act beneficially on many or most soils by converting the soda silicate into a lime silicate, or, in other words, converting a salt th
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ined 62 lbs. of nitrogen. How much nitrogen does 10 tons of barn-yard manure contain?” “That depends a good deal on what food the animals eat. Ten tons of average fresh manure would
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| .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. 6{1 | .. | .. | -- unmanured continuously-- | .. {2* | .. |<..> | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. 7 | 14 | .. | .
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on the Growth of Barley, Year After Year, on the Same Land, Without Manure, and With Different Descriptions of Manure, Hoos Field, Rothamsted, England. Table V.--Straw (and cha
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a good crop. The unmanured plot, it will be seen, yielded over 35 bushels per acre of dressed grain, weighing over 53½ lbs. per bush
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heat, or barley after barley, we do not get half the benefit from the manure which it is theoretically capable of producing. Now, the question is, whether by a judicious rotation of
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eed out this amount of bran and cake, and you would have 800 loads of manure, worth _on the land_ $2,226.96, or, estimating as before that it cost 30 cents a load to handle it, its ne
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of land will grow 25 bushels of corn every year, we should aim to so manage it, that it will grow 50 every other year, or 75 every third year, or, if the _climate_ is capable of doin
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and when _potash_ is added to the manure, the yield is still further increased.” “Answer me one question,” said the Deacon, “and let us leave the
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“We may conclude, therefore, that on this soil, which has never been manured, and which has been cultivated for many years with the _Ceralia_--or, in other words, with crops which re
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common salt, alone, or with other manures, had comparatively little effect. Practically, when we want to grow a good crop of beets or mangels, the
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richer the manure is in nitrogenous matter, and the more thoroughly this is distributed through the manure, the more readily
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-------------+-------+--------- No.| Kind And Condition Of Manures. | Wt/Bu | Wt/Load ---+--------------------------------------------+-------+--------- |
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“if it could be purchased at the same price, it would be the cheaper manure. It contains 46½ per cent of potash, and on soils, or for crops where potash is needed, we may sometimes b
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n fact a patent was taken out by the Musgraves, of Liverpool, for the manufacture of Liebig’s Special Manures, based on this theory. But the manures, though extensively used by the le
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d 20 or 25 years ago. It may be, that the guano is still the cheapest manure in the market, but at any rate the price is higher than formerly--while there has been no corresponding ad
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proportion, considerably lower than that grown on the continuously unmanured land. These results, if they are to be accepted as correct, must bring about a very considerable change
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an invaluable acquisition to the agricultural literature of the day. Manure in this city is usually sold by the two-horse load--about 1½ tons--at the rate of $1 per load, or 66 cents
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----+------++-----+----+-----++ m t |Food|100 I| Man.|Resp. || Inc.|Man.|Resp.|| t d. ---------------------+----+-----+-----+------++-----+----+-----++-----
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--+----+----+----+----+----+----- B.--AVERAGE COMPOSITION OF VARIOUS MANURES. W Water. OS Organic Substance. A Ash. N Nitrogen. P Potash. S Soda. L Lime. M Ma
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Barn-yard Manure, Difference in Quality of, 246 Bean-straw for Manure,
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d in Open Yard, 63 ” Stable, Management, 333 ” Straw and Chaff as,
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roofs and roofing, doors and fastenings, workshops, poultry houses, manure sheds, barnyards, root pits, etc. 235 pages. 5 × 7 inches. Cloth. $1.00 +Irrigation Farming+ By L
--------+-----+----+----+----+----+------+-----+------+----+----+---
Bu. Pks.|lbs. |lbs.|lbs.|lbs.|lbs.| lbs. | lbs.| lbs. | | |
18 3½ |61.9 |125 |1296|1862|3158| 213 | 235| 448 |10.7|69.6| 0
18 1¼ |61.7 |124 |1251|1845|3096| 168 | 218| 386 |11.0|67.8| 1
29 2½ |63.6 |166 |2049|3094|5143| 966 | 1467| 2433 | 8.8|66.2| 2
15 3½ |61.1 |114 |1083|1627|2710| .. | .. | .. |11.8|66.6| 3
| | | | | | | | | | |
28 0½ |62.6 |159 |1919|2949|4868| 836 | 1322| 2158 | 9.0|65.1| 4
| | | | | | | | | | |
36 0 |63.3 |194 |2473|4131|6604| 1390 | 2504| 3894 | 8.6|59.9| 5a
37 3¾ |63.3 |213 |2611|4294|6905| 1528 | 2667| 4195 | 8.9|60.8| 5b
33 1¾ |63.3 |154 |2271|3624|5895| 1188 | 1997| 3185 | 7.2|62.6| 6a
31 0¼ |62.3 |189 |2119|3507|5626| 1036 | 1880| 2916 | 9.8|60.4| 6b
36 3½ |63.0 |201 |2524|4587|7111| 1441 | 2960| 4401 | 8.7|55.0| 7a
37 1½ |63.0 |178 |2532|4302|6834| 1449 | 2675| 4124 | 7.6|58.8| 7b
| | | | | | | | | | |
26 0¾ |62.8 |141 |1785|2769|4554| 702 | 1142| 1844 | 8.6|64.5| 8a
27 2¼ |62.6 |137 |1863|2830|4693| 780 | 1203| 1983 | 7.9|65.8| 8b
31 1½ |62.4 |182 |2142|3252|5394| 1059 | 1625| 2684 | 9.3|65.9| 9a
29 0¾ |62.0 |170 |1970|2942|4912| 887 | 1315| 2202 | 9.5|67.0| 9b
28 3½ |61.9 |179 |1966|3070|5036| 883 | 1443| 2326 |10.0|64.0|10a
28 2½ |62.5 |149 |1937|3048|4985| 854 | 1421| 2275 | 8.3|63.5|10b
| | | | | | | | | | |
32 2¾ |62.3 |181 |2216|3386|5602| 1133 | 1759| 2892 | 8.9|65.4|11a
31 2¾ |62.5 |181 |2163|3302|5465| 1080 | 1675| 2755 | 9.1|65.5|11b
32 3 |63.1 |165 |2234|3600|5834| 1151 | 1973| 3124 | 8.0|62.0|12a
32 2¼ |62.5 |166 |2203|3581|5784| 1120 | 1954| 3074 | 8.2|61.5|12b
30 2¾ |62.6 |180 |2102|3544|5646| 1019 | 1917| 2936 | 9.4|59.3|13a
30 3¼ |62.3 |160 |2083|3440|5523| 1000 | 1813| 2813 | 8.3|60.5|13b
31 0¼ |62.9 |168 |2120|3605|5725| 1037 | 1978| 3015 | 8.6|58.8|14a
31 0½ |62.8 |165 |2121|3537|5658| 1038 | 1910| 2948 | 8.4|59.9|14b
| | | | | | | | | |
27 0½ |62.7 |138 |1839|3041|4880| 756 | 1414| 2170 | 8.1|60.5|15a
30 2½ |62.9 |148 |2077|3432|5509| 994 | 1805| 2799 | 7.6|60.5|15b
| | | | | | | | | | |
36 3¼ |63.5 |161 |2499|4234|6733| 1416 | 2607| 4023 | 6.9|59.0|16a
36 2¾ |63.4 |176 |2501|4332|6833| 1418 | 2705| 4123 | 7.6|57.7|16b
31 3½ |63.3 |131 |2149|3597|5746| 1066 | 1970| 3036 | 6.5|59.7|17a
30 2¼ |63.1 |152 |2079|3406|5485| 996 | 1779| 2775 | 7.9|61.0|17b
30 3¼ |63.0 |139 |2083|3390|5473| 1000 | 1763| 2763 | 7.2|64.1|18a
31 0¾ |62.4 |143 |2090|3586|5676| 1007 | 1959| 2966 | 7.3|58.3|18b
| | | | | | | | | | |
30 1 |62.4 |144 |2031|3348|5379| 948 | 1721| 2669 | 7.7|60.7|19
14 1 |60.8 | 89 | 956|1609|2565| -127 | -18| -145 |10.2|59.4|20
| | | | | | | | | | |21}
17 3¼ |61.9 |127 |1232|1763|2995| 149 | 136| 285 |11.5|69.9|22}
--------+-----+----+----+----+----+------+-----+------+----+----+---
The plot continuously unmanured, gives about 16 bushels of wheat per
acre.
The plot with barn-yard manure, nearly 30 bushels per acre.
400 lbs. of ammonia-salts _alone_, on plot 9_a_, 31¼ bushels; on 9_b_,
29 bushels; on 10_a_ and 10_b_, nearly 29 bushels each. This is
remarkable uniformity.
400 lbs. ammonia-salts and a large quantity of mineral manures in
addition, on _twelve_ different plots, average not quite 32 bushels per
acre.
“The superphosphate and minerals,” said the Deacon, “do not seem to do
much good, that is a fact.”
You will notice that 336 lbs. of common salt was sown on plot 16_a_. It
does not seem to have done the slightest good. Where the salt was used,
there is 2 lbs. less grain and 98 lbs. less straw than on the adjoining
plot 16_b_, where no salt was used, but otherwise manured alike. It
would seem, however, that the quality of the grain was slightly improved
by the salt. The salt was sown in March as a top-dressing.
“It would have been better,” said the Deacon. “to have sown it in autumn
with the other manures.”
“The Deacon is right,” said I, “but it so happens that the next year and
the year after, the salt _was_ applied at the same time as the other
manures. It gave an increase of 94 lbs. of grain and 61 lbs. of straw in
1851, but the following year the same quantity of salt used on the same
plot did more harm than good.”
Before we leave the results of this year, it should be observed that on
8_a_, 5,000 lbs. of cut straw and chaff were used per acre. I do not
recollect seeing anything in regard to it. And yet the result was very
remarkable--so much so indeed, that it is a matter of regret that the
experiment was not repeated.
This 5,000 lbs. of straw and chaff gave an increase of more than 10
bushels per acre over the continuously unmanured plot.
“Good,” said the Deacon, “I have always told you that you
under-estimated the value of straw, especially in regard to its
_mechanical_ action.”
I did not reply to this remark of the good Deacon. I have never doubted
the good effects of anything that lightens up a clay soil and renders it
warmer and more porous. I suppose the great benefit derived from this
application of straw must be attributed to its ameliorating action on
the soil. The 5,000 lbs. of straw and chaff produced a crop within
nearly 3 bushels per acre of the plot manured every year with 14 tons of
barn-yard manure.
“I am surprised,” said the Doctor, “that salt did no good. I have seen
many instances in which it has had a wonderful effect on wheat.”
“Yes,” said I, “and our experienced friend, John Johnston, is very
decidedly of the opinion that its use is highly profitable. He sows a
barrel of salt per acre broadcast on the land at the time he sows his
wheat, and I have myself seen it produce a decided improvement in the
crop.”
We have now given the results of the first _eight_ years of the
experiments. From this time forward, the _same manures_ were used year
after year on the same plot.
The results are given in the accompanying tables for the following
twelve years--harvests for 1852-53-54-55-56-57-58-59-60-61-62 and 1863.
Such another set of experiments are not to be found in the world, and
they deserve and will receive the careful study of every intelligent
American farmer.
“I am with you there,” said the Deacon. “You seem to think that I do not
appreciate the labors of scientific men. I do. Such experiments as these
we are examining command the respect of every intelligent farmer. I may
not fully understand them, but I can see clearly enough that they are of
great value.”
Experiments at Rothamsted on the Growth of Wheat, Year After Year,
on the Same Land.
Table IX.--Manures per Acre per Annum (with the exceptions explained
in the Notes on p. 203), for 12 Years in succession--namely, for the
9th, 10th, 11th, 12th, 13th, 14th, 15th, 16th, 17th, 18th, 19th, and
20th Seasons: that is, for the crops of Harvests 1852- 53- 54- 55- 56-
57- 58- 59- 60- 61- 62 and 1863.*
Manures
FM Farm-yard Manure.
CS Common Salt.
SP Sulphate of Potass.[1]
SS Sulphate of Soda.[1]
SMg Sulphate of Magnesia.[1]
B-A Bone-ash.
SAc Sulphuric Acid. (Sp. gr. 1.7)
MAc Muriatic Acid.
SAm Sulphate of Ammonia.
MAm Muriate of Ammonia.
NS Nitrate of Soda.
RC Rape-cake.
--------+--------------------------------------------------------------+
| Manures per Acre per Annum for 12 Years, 1851-2 to |
| 1862-3 inclusive, except in the cases explained in the |
| Notes on p. 203. |
P +-----+-----+----+----+----+----+---------------+----+----+----+
l | | | | | | | Superphosphate| | | |
o | | | | | | | of Lime. | | | |
t | | | | | | +----+----+-----+ | | |
s | FM | CS | SP | SS |SMg |B-A |SAc |MAc | SAm |MAm | NS | RC |
--------+-----+-----+----+----+----+----+----+----+-----+----+----+----+
|Tons.| lbs.|lbs.|lbs.|lbs.|lbs.|lbs.|lbs.|lbs. |lbs.|lbs.|lbs.|
0 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |600 |450 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
1 | .. | .. |600 |400 |200 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
2 | 14 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
3 |Unmanured | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
4 |Unmanured | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
5a | .. | .. |300 |200 |100 |200 |150 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
5b | .. | .. |300 |200 |100 |200 |150 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
6a | .. | .. |300 |200 |100 |200 |150 | .. | 100 |100 | .. | .. |
6b | .. | .. |300 |200 |100 |200 |150 | .. | 100 |100 | .. | .. |
7a | .. | .. |300 |200 |100 |200 |150 | .. | 200 |200 | .. | .. |
7b | .. | .. |300 |200 |100 |200 |150 | .. | 200 |200 | .. | .. |
8a | .. | .. |300 |200 |100 |200 |150 | .. | 300 |300 | .. | .. |
8b | .. | .. |300 |200 |100 |200 |150 | .. | 300 |300 | .. | .. |
[2] 9a | .. | .. |300 |200 |100 |200 |150 | .. | .. | .. |550 | .. |
[3] 9b | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |550 | .. |
10a | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 200 |200 | .. | .. |
10b | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 200 |200 | .. | .. |
11a | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |200 |150 | .. | 200 |200 | .. | .. |
11b | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |200 |150 | .. | 200 |200 | .. | .. |
12a | .. | .. | .. |550 | .. |200 |150 | .. | 200 |200 | .. | .. |
12b | .. | .. | .. |550 | .. |200 |150 | .. | 200 |200 | .. | .. |
13a | .. | .. |300 | .. | .. |200 |150 | .. | 200 |200 | .. | .. |
13b | .. | .. |300 | .. | .. |200 |150 | .. | 200 |200 | .. | .. |
14a | .. | .. | .. | .. |420 |200 |150 | .. | 200 |200 | .. | .. |
14b | .. | .. | .. | .. |420 |200 |150 | .. | 200 |200 | .. | .. |
15a | .. | .. |300 |200 |100 |200 | .. |200 | 400 | .. | .. | .. |
15b | .. | .. |300 |200 |100 |200 | .. |200 | 300 | .. | .. |500 |
16a | .. |336[4]|300 |200 |100 |200 |150 | .. | 400 |400 | .. | .. |
16b | .. | .. |300 |200 |100 |200 |150 | .. | 400 |400 | .. | .. |
[5]{17a | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 200 |200 | .. | .. |
{17b | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 200 |200 | .. | .. |
[5]{18a | .. | .. |300 |200 |100 |200 |150 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
{18b | .. | .. |300 |200 |100 |200 |150 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
19 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |200 | .. |200 | 300 | .. | .. |500 |
20 |Unmanured | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
21 | .. | .. |300 |200 |100 | .. | .. | .. | .. |100 | .. | .. |
22 | .. | .. |300 |200 |100 | .. | .. | .. | 100 | .. | .. | .. |
--------+-----+-----+----+----+----+----+----+----+-----+----+----+----+
* For the particulars of the produce of each separate season,
see Tables X.-XXI. inclusive.
[Note 1: For the _16th and succeeding seasons_--the sulphate of
potass was reduced from 600 to 400 lbs. per acre per annum on Plot 1,
and from 300 to 200 lbs. on all the other Plots where it was used; the
sulphate of soda from 400 to 200 lbs. on Plot 1, to 100 lbs. on all
the Plots on which 200 lbs. had previously been applied, and from 550
to 336½ lbs. (two-thirds the amount) on Plots 12_a_ and 12_b_; and the
sulphate of magnesia from 420 to 280 lbs. (two-thirds the amount) on
Plots 14_a_ and 14_b_.]
[Note 2: _Plot 9a_--the sulphates of potass, soda, and magnesia,
and the superphosphate of lime, were applied in the 12th and
succeeding seasons, but not in the 9th, 10th, and 11th; and the amount
of nitrate of soda was for the 9th season only 475 lbs. per acre, and
for the 10th and 11th seasons only 275 lbs.]
[Note 3: _Plot 9b_--in the 9th season only 475 lbs. of nitrate of
soda were applied.]
[Note 4: _Common salt_--not applied after the 10th season.]
[Note 5: _Plots 17a and 17b, and 18a and 18b_--the manures on
these plots alternate: that is, Plots 17 were manured with
ammonia-salts in the 9th season; with the sulphates of potass, soda,
and magnesia, and superphosphate of lime, in the 10th; ammonia-salts
again in the 11th; the sulphates of potass, soda, and magnesia, and
superphosphate of lime, again in the 12th, and so on. Plots 18, on the
other hand, had the sulphates of potass, soda, and magnesia, and
superphosphate of lime, in the 9th season; ammonia-salts in the 10th,
and so on, alternately.]
Table X.--Produce of the 9th Season, 1851-2. Seed (Red Cluster)
sown November 7, 1851; Crop cut August 24, 1852.
Table XI.--Produce of the 10th Season, 1853. Seed (Red Rostock)
sown March 16; Crop cut September 10, and carted September 20, 1853.
Qty. Quantity.
Wt/Bu. Weight per Bushel.
TC Total Corn.
TP/C&S Total Produce (Corn and Straw).
-----+----------------------------||-----+----------------------------
| Produce per Acre, || | Produce per Acre,
| etc. (For the Manures || | etc. (For the Manures
P | see pp. 202 and 203.) || P | see pp. 202 and 203.)
l +----------------+-----+-----|| l +----------------+-----+-----
o | Dressed Corn. | | || o | Dressed Corn. | |
t +---------+------+ | TP || t +---------+------+ | TP
s | Qty. |Wt/Bu.| TC | C&S || s | Qty. |Wt/Bu.| TC | C&S
-----+---------+------+-----+-----||-----+---------+------+-----+-----
| Bu. Pks.| lbs. | lbs.| lbs.|| | Bu. Pks.| lbs. | lbs.| lbs.
0 | 15 0¾ | 55.8 | 919| 2625|| 0 | 9 0¾ | 49.1 | 599| 2406
1 | 13 1 | 56.9 | 825| 2322|| 1 | 6 1¾ | 46.1 | 404| 2036
2 | 27 2¼ | 58.2 | 1716| 5173|| 2 | 19 0½ | 51.1 | 1120| 4492
3 | 13 3¼ | 56.6 | 860| 2457|| 3 | 5 3¼ | 45.1 | 359| 1772
4 | 13 1¼ | 57.3 | 870| 2441|| 4 | 7 1 | 46.1 | 446| 2116
| | | | || | | | |
5a | 16 3 | 57.5 | 1038| 2941|| 5a | 10 0 | 48.9 | 587| 2538
5b | 17 0¼ | 57.3 | 1065| 3097|| 5b | 10 1 | 48.9 | 611| 2741
6a | 20 3 | 57.6 | 1288| 3869|| 6a | 16 3¼ | 51.8 | 978| 3755
6b | 20 3½ | 57.5 | 1300| 3904|| 6b | 19 1 | 51.8 | 1072| 3870
7a | 26 2½ | 56.0 | 1615| 5465|| 7a | 23 2½ | 52.2 | 1369| 5110
7b | 26 3¾ | 55.8 | 1613| 5415|| 7b | 23 2¼ | 51.1 | 1357| 5091
8a | 27 3½ | 55.9 | 1699| 5505|| 8a | 22 1¼ | 51.1 | 1346| 5312
8b | 27 0½ | 55.9 | 1651| 5423|| 8b | 24 2¼ | 51.1 | 1425| 5352
| | | | || | | | |
9a | 25 2 | 55.6 | 1591| 5305|| 9a | 11 1 | 47.7 | 691| 3090
9b | 24 1¾ | 55.3 | 1509| 4883|| 9b | 10 1¾ | 46.1 | 649| 2902
| | | | || | | | |
10a | 21 3½ | 55.9 | 1320| 4107|| 10a | 9 3¾ | 48.9 | 642| 2691
10b | 22 0¼ | 57.3 | 1343| 4162|| 10b | 15 2 | 49.8 | 896| 3578
11a | 24 0¾ | 55.6 | 1472| 4553|| 11a | 17 2 | 50.1 | 1015| 3539
11b | 22 1½ | 55.9 | 1387| 4299|| 11b | 18 2¾ | 51.1 | 1073| 3780
12a | 24 1¾ | 57.4 | 1503| 4760|| 12a | 22 0 | 52.0 | 1283| 4948
12b | 24 1¼ | 57.3 | 1492| 4721|| 12b | 23 3¼ | 51.1 | 1375| 5079
13a | 24 0 | 57.5 | 1480| 4702|| 13a | 22 1¼ | 52.1 | 1341| 5045
13b | 23 3¾ | 57.1 | 1476| 4765|| 13b | 23 2½ | 51.1 | 1396| 5308
14a | 24 1¾ | 56.9 | 1507| 5054|| 14a | 21 2 | 51.2 | 1322| 4793
14b | 25 0¼ | 56.7 | 1530| 5137|| 14b | 23 0¾ | 52.6 | 1347| 5108
| | | | || | | | |
15a | 23 1¼ | 57.4 | 1451| 4663|| 15a | 19 0 | 51.1 | 1143| 4504
15b | 25 0½ | 56.8 | 1520| 4941|| 15b | 23 2½ | 51.1 | 1351| 5107
| | | | || | | | |
16a | 28 3½ | 55.0 | 1794| 6471|| 16a | 24 1½ | 52.5 | 1496| 6400
16b | 28 0 | 54.5 | 1700| 6316|| 16b | 25 3¼ | 52.5 | 1537| 6556
| | | | || | | | |
17a | 25 2 | 56.5 | 1577| 5311|| 17a | 8 1¾ | 49.8 | 520| 2516
17b | 24 1½ | 56.9 | 1520| 4986|| 17b | 8 3¾ | 48.9 | 539| 2551
18a | 13 3 | 57.0 | 869| 2556|| 18a | 17 3¼ | 52.9 | 1111| 4496
18b | 14 3¾ | 56.7 | 921| 2685|| 18b | 20 3 | 52.1 | 1256| 5052
| | | | || | | | |
19 | 24 3¾ | 56.1 | 1582| 4979|| 19 | 19 1¼ | 52.6 | 1160| 4373
| | | | || | | | |
20 | 14 0¾ | 56.6 | 875| 2452|| 20 | 5 3¼ | 47.8 | 425| 2084
21 | 19 1¾ | 56.9 | 1177| 3285|| 21 | 12 3¾ | 50.4 | 753| 2934
22 | 19 2¼ | 55.9 | 1176| 3355|| 22 | 10 1 | 49.4 | 592| 2452
-----+---------+------+-----+-----||-----+---------+------+-----+-----
Table XII.--Produce of the 11th Season, 1853-4. Seed (Red Rostock)
sown November 12, 1853; Crop cut August 21, and carted August 31,
1854.
Table XIII.--Produce of the 12th Season, 1854-5. Seed (Red Rostock)
sown November 9, 1854; Crop cut August 26, and carted September 2,
1855.
Qty. Quantity.
Wt/Bu. Weight per Bushel.
TC Total Corn.
TP/C&S Total Produce (Corn and Straw).
-----+----------------------------||-----+----------------------------
| Produce per Acre, || | Produce per Acre,
| etc. (For the Manures || | etc. (For the Manures
P | see pp. 202 and 203.) || P | see pp. 202 and 203.)
l +----------------+-----+-----|| l +----------------+-----+-----
o | Dressed Corn. | | || o | Dressed Corn. | |
t +---------+------+ | TP || t +---------+------+ | TP
s | Qty. |Wt/Bu.| TC | C&S || s | Qty. |Wt/Bu.| TC | C&S
-----+---------+------+-----+-----||-----+---------+------+-----+-----
| Bu. Pks.| lbs. | lbs.| lbs.|| | Bu. Pks.| lbs. | lbs.| lbs.
0 | 26 1¾ | 61.0 | 1672| 3786|| 0 | 17 0 | 60.7 | 1096| 2822
1 | 24 1½ | 60.2 | 1529| 4060|| 1 | 18 2 | 60.5 | 1179| 3069
2 | 41 0½ | 62.5 | 2675| 7125|| 2 | 34 2½ | 62.0 | 2237| 6082
3 | 21 0¼ | 60.6 | 1359| 3496|| 3 | 17 0 | 59.2 | 1072| 2859
4 | 23 3½ | 61.1 | 1521| 3859|| 4 | 18 2½ | 59.5 | 1168| 3000
| | | | || | | | |
5a | 24 1½ | 61.0 | 1578| 4098|| 5a | 18 2 | 59.9 | 1157| 2976
5b | 24 0 | 61.6 | 1532| 4035|| 5b | 18 0½ | 60.1 | 1143| 2943
6a | 33 2¾ | 61.8 | 2186| 6031|| 6a | 27 3 | 60.3 | 1753| 4590
6b | 34 2¼ | 61.8 | 2239| 6294|| 6b | 28 1 | 60.9 | 1811| 4848
7a | 45 2¼ | 61.9 | 2950| 8553|| 7a | 32 2¾ | 59.4 | 2084| 5995
7b | 45 1½ | 61.8 | 2944| 8440|| 7b | 33 1¼ | 59.5 | 2138| 6296
8a | 47 1¾ | 61.4 | 3065| 9200|| 8a | 29 3 | 58.8 | 1909| 5747
8b | 49 2½ | 61.8 | 3208| 9325|| 8b | 33 0¾ | 58.7 | 2153| 6495
| | | | || | | | |
9a | 38 3 | 60.7 | 2456| 6598|| 9a | 29 2½ | 58.3 | 1932| 5878
9b | 38 3½ | 60.7 | 2480| 6723|| 9b | 25 1½ | 57.3 | 1605| 4817
| | | | || | | | |
10a | 34 1½ | 60.5 | 2211| 5808|| 10a | 19 3¾ | 57.1 | 1285| 3797
10b | 39 0¾ | 61.6 | 2535| 7003|| 10b | 28 0½ | 58.9 | 1805| 5073
11a | 44 2 | 61.1 | 2859| 8006|| 11a | 18 3 | 55.3 | 1210| 3694
11b | 43 0½ | 61.2 | 2756| 7776|| 11b | 24 2½ | 56.3 | 1580| 4733
SOURCES & PROVENANCE
1 listed
This page is an AI-organised index. The label means the grouping and cross-links were compiled with AI; the information itself comes from the public-domain books, reports and manuals listed below. Open any source to read the local copy or follow the link to the original publication.
PUBLIC-DOMAIN BOOK
Talks on Manures A Series of Familiar and Practical Talks Between the Author and the Deacon, the Doctor, and Other Neighbors, on the Whole Subject
primary
Full text in the local archive
Bibliographic record from the archive catalogue.