TALKS ON MANURES A SERIES OF FAMILIAR AND PRACTICAL TALKS BETWEEN THE AUTHOR AND THE DEACON, THE DOCTOR, AND OTHER NEIGHBORS, ON THE WHOLE SUBJECT TEXT

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Page 1 104 matches * * * * * TALKS ON MANURES. A Series of Familiar and Practical Talks Between the Author and the Deacon, the Doctor, and Oth Page 2 50 matches us, and this fact explains and confirms the common idea that shade is manure. The great object of agriculture is to convert the nitrogen of our soils, or of green crops plowed under, Page 3 44 matches buy such food as will furnish the most nutriment and make the richest manure at the least cost--taking both of these objects into consideration. He will also buy more or less artifici Page 4 56 matches manure one. Is this “high farming?” I think in my circumstances it is good farming, but it is not high farming. I Page 5 39 matches or is defective, inasmuch as it makes no distinction between soil and manure. Both contain plant-food.” “What is your definition of manure?” asked Charley; “it would seem as though w Page 6 56 matches manure, will almost invariably give us a greatly increased yield of grain crops. I should expect, on my farm, tha Page 7 71 matches grass. And as all this produce was consumed on the farm, we made more manure than if we had plowed less land.” I have great faith in the benefits of thorough tillage--or, in other wo Page 8 97 matches for manure alone, found it still more profitable to use it first for food, and then for manure afterwards. Mr. Lawes, Page 9 66 matches depreciation of the value of the manure. In the foregoing analyses he will find the direct proof that as long as heavy showers of rain are exclude Page 10 67 matches The above analyses are of value to those who buy fresh and fermented manure. They can form some idea of what they are getting. If they buy a ton of fresh manure in November, they get Page 11 98 matches ectual means of preventing loss in fertilizing matters is to cart the manure directly on the field whenever circumstances allow this to be done. “7. On all soils with a moderate prop Page 12 128 matches manure is handled but once. It is made in the yard and sheds, and lies there until it is drawn to the field in th Page 13 123 matches corn-stalks and straw, and what they do not eat is thrown out of the mangers and racks, and used for bedding. I should state, too, that I keep a good many pigs, seldom having less t Page 14 111 matches se and cart we drew to this heap, just as winter set in, every bit of manure that could be found on the premises, and everything that would make manure. When got all together, it made Page 15 85 matches gument,” said the Deacon, “against your plan of piling and fermenting manure.” “Not at all,” I replied; “it is a strong reason for not letting manure lie under the eaves of an unspou Page 16 45 matches oductive meadow or pasture for years to come--or until our young dairyman could afford to give it one of Harris Lewis’ “homœopathic” doses of 40 loads of good manure per acre. He woul Page 17 62 matches In regard to the application of manure on a dairy-farm, we have seen what Harris Lewis does with his. I also wrote to T. L. Harison, Esq., of St. Page 18 44 matches ed nothing but straw to stock is poor economy; and to rot it down for manure is no better. Straw itself is not worth $3.00 a ton for manure; and as one ton of straw, spread in an open Page 19 10 matches or soiling, or make it into hay, feed it out to stock, and return the manure to the land. If clover got its nitrogen from the atmosphere, we might sell the clover, and depend on the r Page 20 15 matches well known, is specially benefited by the application of nitrogenous manures, and as clover carries off so large a quantity of nitrogen, it is natural to expect the yield of wheat, a Page 21 2 matches however, by no means proves its sufficiency for the production of so many crops of wheat; for, in the first place, it can not be shown that the whole of the phosphoric acid found by Page 22 13 matches und in the clover-roots from the part of the field twice mown. In the manure, in which the decay of such and similar organic remains proceeds, much of the non-nitrogenous, or carbonac Page 23 27 matches ch, by good cultivation, and the liberal use of animal and artificial manures, they may expect a good crop of wheat from the roots of the clover. But they take good care to feed out t Page 24 78 matches wheat, or we must make more and richer manure, or we must plow in more clover. The rotation, which many of us now adopt--corn, barley, wheat--is profita Page 25 47 matches crease per | | | Produce per Acre, etc. |Acre by Manure.| | | P --------------+----+----+----+----+---------------+ | | l Dressed corn. | | Page 26 54 matches reduced the plots, previously so differently circumstanced both as to manure and produce, to something like an uniform standard as regards their grain-producing qualities. “Plot 2 ha Page 27 30 matches .. | .. | .. | .. | 200 | .. | 200 | 300 | .. | 500 | 20 | Unmanured.| .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 21}| .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | Page 28 31 matches with the difference in the crop; 8_a_ was left this year without any manure, and though it had received a liberal supply of mineral manures the year before, and minerals and ammonia- Page 29 25 matches +----+----+------+-----+------+----+----+--- The plot continuously unmanured, gives about 16 bushels of wheat per acre. The plot with barn-yard manure, nearly 30 bushels per acre. Page 30 11 matches per Acre, || | Produce per Acre, | etc. (For the Manures || | etc. (For the Manures P | see pp. 202 and 203.) || P | see pp. 202 and 203.) Page 31 82 matches until the 16th of March 1853. You will see that the produce on the unmanured plot was less than 6 bushels per acre. With barn-yard manure, 19 bushels, and with a heavy dressing of am Page 32 29 matches om the air_. This is an important fact. Lime may act beneficially on many or most soils by converting the soda silicate into a lime silicate, or, in other words, converting a salt th Page 33 40 matches ined 62 lbs. of nitrogen. How much nitrogen does 10 tons of barn-yard manure contain?” “That depends a good deal on what food the animals eat. Ten tons of average fresh manure would Page 34 10 matches | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. 6{1 | .. | .. | -- unmanured continuously-- | .. {2* | .. |<..> | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. 7 | 14 | .. | . Page 35 17 matches on the Growth of Barley, Year After Year, on the Same Land, Without Manure, and With Different Descriptions of Manure, Hoos Field, Rothamsted, England. Table V.--Straw (and cha Page 36 72 matches a good crop. The unmanured plot, it will be seen, yielded over 35 bushels per acre of dressed grain, weighing over 53½ lbs. per bush Page 37 64 matches heat, or barley after barley, we do not get half the benefit from the manure which it is theoretically capable of producing. Now, the question is, whether by a judicious rotation of Page 38 80 matches eed out this amount of bran and cake, and you would have 800 loads of manure, worth _on the land_ $2,226.96, or, estimating as before that it cost 30 cents a load to handle it, its ne Page 39 87 matches of land will grow 25 bushels of corn every year, we should aim to so manage it, that it will grow 50 every other year, or 75 every third year, or, if the _climate_ is capable of doin Page 40 58 matches and when _potash_ is added to the manure, the yield is still further increased.” “Answer me one question,” said the Deacon, “and let us leave the Page 41 81 matches “We may conclude, therefore, that on this soil, which has never been manured, and which has been cultivated for many years with the _Ceralia_--or, in other words, with crops which re Page 42 89 matches common salt, alone, or with other manures, had comparatively little effect. Practically, when we want to grow a good crop of beets or mangels, the Page 43 121 matches richer the manure is in nitrogenous matter, and the more thoroughly this is distributed through the manure, the more readily Page 44 49 matches -------------+-------+--------- No.| Kind And Condition Of Manures. | Wt/Bu | Wt/Load ---+--------------------------------------------+-------+--------- | Page 45 30 matches “if it could be purchased at the same price, it would be the cheaper manure. It contains 46½ per cent of potash, and on soils, or for crops where potash is needed, we may sometimes b Page 46 43 matches n fact a patent was taken out by the Musgraves, of Liverpool, for the manufacture of Liebig’s Special Manures, based on this theory. But the manures, though extensively used by the le Page 47 36 matches d 20 or 25 years ago. It may be, that the guano is still the cheapest manure in the market, but at any rate the price is higher than formerly--while there has been no corresponding ad Page 48 61 matches proportion, considerably lower than that grown on the continuously unmanured land. These results, if they are to be accepted as correct, must bring about a very considerable change Page 49 87 matches an invaluable acquisition to the agricultural literature of the day. Manure in this city is usually sold by the two-horse load--about 1½ tons--at the rate of $1 per load, or 66 cents Page 50 17 matches ----+------++-----+----+-----++ m t |Food|100 I| Man.|Resp. || Inc.|Man.|Resp.|| t d. ---------------------+----+-----+-----+------++-----+----+-----++----- Page 51 20 matches --+----+----+----+----+----+----- B.--AVERAGE COMPOSITION OF VARIOUS MANURES. W Water. OS Organic Substance. A Ash. N Nitrogen. P Potash. S Soda. L Lime. M Ma Page 52 60 matches Barn-yard Manure, Difference in Quality of, 246 Bean-straw for Manure, Page 53 67 matches d in Open Yard, 63 ” Stable, Management, 333 ” Straw and Chaff as, Page 54 7 matches roofs and roofing, doors and fastenings, workshops, poultry houses, manure sheds, barnyards, root pits, etc. 235 pages. 5 × 7 inches. Cloth. $1.00 +Irrigation Farming+ By L

Barn-yard Manure, Difference in Quality of, 246 Bean-straw for Manure, 48 Beets, Sugar, Lawes’ and Gilbert’s Experiments on, 288 ” ” Manure for, 286 Blood, 32 Bone-dust, 314 ” ” Composition of Compared with Stable Manure, 316 ” ” Fermented with Manure, 316 ” ” Made into Superphosphate, 319 ” ” on Dairy Farms, 315 Bones as Manure, 102 Bran, 26 ” for Manure, 102 ” Richer in Plant-food than Wheat, 301 Brewer, Prof. W. H., Letter from, 341 Cabbage and Barn-yard Manure, Composition of, 292 ” Composition of, 290-292 ” Hog and Cow Manure for, 302 ” Lime for, 292 ” Manure for, 275-290 ” Manure for Early and Late, 291 ” Needs a Large Supply of Nitrogen in the Soil. Though it Removes but Little, 293 ” Potash for, 292 ” Special Manure for, 323 ” Yield of per Acre, 291 Cattle vs. Sheep as Manure-makers, 303 Cheese, from a Ton of Hay, 111 ” Plant-food in, 101 ” versus Beef, 110 Clay Retains Ammonia, 219 Clover and Indian Corn, 275 ” as a Renovating and Exhausting Crop, 277 ” as Manure, 119-122 ” as Manure for Wheat, 158 ” Does it Get Nitrogen from the Atmosphere, 133-138 ” Dr. Vœlcker’s Experiments on, 135 ” for Wheat, 126 ” Gathers Up Manure from the Sub-soil, 287 ” Hay, Composition of, 129-137 ” Hay, English and German, for Manure, 47 ” How to Make a Farm Rich by Growing, 133-163 ” Letting it Rot on the Surface as Manure, 134 ” Nitrogen as a Manure for, 141 ” Pasturing by Sheep versus Mowing for Hay, 137 ” Plowing Under versus Feeding Out, 123 ” Roots, Amount of per Acre, 143-144-155 ” Roots, Composition of, 145-147 ” Seed, Amount of Roots per Acre, 162 ” Water Evaporated by, 132 ” Why it Enriches Land, 131 Coal-ashes to Mix with Artificial Manures, 312 Composting Cow-manure with Muck, Leaves, etc, 302 Compost of Stable-manure and Earth, 342 Corn, as a Renovating Crop, 275 ” Ashes for, 279 ” Barn-yard Manure for, 284 ” Cost of Raising, 9 ” Crop, Composition of, 25 ” Experiments on, 279 ” Guano for, 279-284 ” Manure for, 275 ” Meal for Manure, 185 ” Superphosphate for, 279-284 ” Fodder, 275 ” ” vs. Mangel-wurzels, 288 ” ” Plaster for, 277 ” ” vs. Wheat, Yield per acre, 276 Cotton-seed Cake, 46-339 Cow-manure, 86-100 ” ” and How to Use it, 302 ” ” Composition of, 306 Cows, Feeding Grain to, 110-113 ” Feeding in Winter for Manure, 256 Crops Best to Apply Manure to, 265 ” How to Get Larger, 28-36 ” Raised and Sold from the Farm, 27 ” Rotation of, 116-168 ” We Must Raise Larger per Acre, 266 ” Why so Poor, 28 Dairy Farms, Bone-dust on, 315 Drainage from Barn-yard, 306 Dry Earth for Pig Pens, 304 Earth-closet Manure, 310 ” ” ” on Grass, 225 Fallow, Fall, 12 ” for Wheat, How to--Mr. Lawes’ Experiments, 35 ” Summer, for Wheat, 15-34 Farm Dairy, Receipts and Expenses of, 109 ” Hon. George Geddes’, 119 ” Hon. Joseph Shull’s, 109 ” John Johnston’s, 76-81-120 ” Mr. Dewey’s, 39 ” Mr. Joseph O. Sheldon’s, 15 ” to Restore a Worn Out, 37 Farming, a Poor Business, 9 ” Difference Between High and Good, 11 ” Faith in Good, 14 ” Good Does Not Lead to Over Production, 14 ” Slow Work, 17 Fermenting Manure to Kill Weed-Seeds, 97 Fish as Manure, 347 Food, Nothing Added to it by the Animal, 42 Gardens, Manure for Private, 296 Geddes, Hon. George, 17-117 Grains, Malt, English and German, 47 Grass a Saving’s Bank, 41 ” Importance of Rich, 113 ” Manure for, 120 Guano as a Top-dressing for Wheat, 270 ” for Barley, 240 ” for Oats, 253 ” for Peas, 17 ” for Potatoes, 255-258 ” on Wheat, 120-180-184 ” Peruvian, Composition of, 311 ” ” for Onions, 294 ” ” Price and Composition of Now and 30 Y’rs Ago, 327 ” ” Rectified for Turnips, 286 ” ” What it is, 311 Gypsum, 104-116-126 ” for Oats, 254 ” for Peas, 17 ” for Potatoes, 255-259 Harison, T. L., Letter from, 115 Hay, Best Manure for, 274 ” Plant-food in, 101 Heacock, Joseph, Letter from, 348 Henderson, Peter, Letter from, 344 Hen Manure, 43-104-301 ” ” for Potatoes, 255 High Farming, 12 ” ” versus Good Farming, 11 Hops, Manure for, 274 Horse-manure, Composition of, 306 Hot-beds, Manure for, 297 Human Excrements, Composition of, 308 Indian Corn. See Corn. Irrigation on Market Gardens, 295 Jessup, Edward, Letter from, 342 Johnson, Prof. S. W., on the Value of Fertilizers, 324 Lawes’ and Gilbert’s Experiments on Barley, 227 Lawes’ and Gilbert’s Experiments on Oats, 252 Lawes’ and Gilbert’s Experiments on Permanent Meadows, 271 Lawes’ and Gilbert’s Experiments on the Amount of Excrements Voided by Man, 309 Lawes’ and Gilbert’s Experiments on Sugar beets and Mangel-wurzels, 288 Lawes’ and Gilbert’s Experiments on Wheat, 170 Lawes’ and Gilbert’s Experiments, Potash Beneficial for Barley, 329 Lawes’ Table, Showing Composition and Value of Foods, 45 Lettuce, Manure for, 289 ” Superphosphate for, 290-293 Lewis, Hon. Harris, Letter from, 103 Liebig’s Special Manures, 321 Lime as Manure, 215 ” Beneficial Effect of for Thirty Years, 216 ” Changes the Chemical and Physical Character of the Soil, 224 ” Composting with Old Sods, 224 ” for Cabbage, 292 ” Hastens the Maturity of the Crop, 222 ” Impoverishes the Soil, 222 ” in Connecticut, 224 ” in Delaware, 223 ” in New Jersey, 223 ” in Pennsylvania, 224 ” Mixed with Barn-yard Manure, 222 ” on Grass Land, 223 ” on Lime-stone Land, 217 ” Quantity per Acre, 216 ” Sets Free Ammonia in the Soil, 221 ” Silicate Absorbs Ammonia from Atmosphere, 219 ” When to Apply, 223 ” Why Beneficial, 220 Liquid Manure, 306 Lowland, Draining, 30 Malt-combs, 46 Mangel-wurzels for Manure, 48 ” ” Manure for, 103-286-288 ” ” Yield per Acre, 11 Manure Absorbing Liquid, 115 ” Amount from Feed and Bedding, 78 ” Amount Made by a Horse, 50-346 ” ” Made by Horses, Cows, Sheep, and Pigs, 51 ” Amount Made on a 250-acre Farm, 257 ” Amount of Rain Required to Dissolve, 267 ” Amount of Straw in Horse, 346 ” and Rotation of Crops, 246 ” Applying Artificial, 312 ” Applying Near the Surface, 267 ” Applying on the Surface, 173 ” as Top-dressing, 269 ” Barn-yard for Barley, 240 ” Barn-yard vs. Artificial for Indian Corn, 284 ” Basin for, 92 ” Best for Hay, 274 ” Bone-dust, 314-316 ” Brings in Red Clover, 82 ” Buying, 306 ” Buying by Measure or Weight, 305 ” Buying by the Load or Ton, 306 ” Cellar, 114 ” Cheapest a Farmer Can Use, 127 ” Clover as, 119-122 ” Clover-seed as, 127 ” Comes from the Land, 42 ” Common Salt as, 200 ” Composition of Fresh Barnyard, 51 ” Composition of from Different Animals, 306 ” Composition of Heap at Different Periods, 57 ” Corn-meal for, 185 ” Cost of Hauling, 342 ” Cost of Loading and Drawing, 77 ” Cow, 87-100 ” Dairy-farm, How to Save and Apply, 114 ” Dr. Vœlcker’s Experiments on, 51 ” Drawing Out to the Field, 89 ” English Plan of Keeping, 69 ” Equivalent to Water, 296 ” Farm-yard for Potatoes, 261 ” Fermenting in Winter, 85-92-93 ” Fermenting, Shrinkage in, 116 ” Fire-fang, 84-98 ” Fish, as, on Long Island, 347 ” Foods which Make Rich, 45 ” for Cabbage, Parsnips, Onions, Carrots, Lettuce, etc, 289 ” for Corn, 80 ” for Grass, 82 ” for Hops, 274 ” for Hot-beds, 297 ” for Indian Corn, 275 ” for Mangel-wurzels and Sugar-beets, 287 ” for Market Gardens, 294 ” for Oats, 252 ” for Potatoes, 255 ” for Seed-growing Farms, 296 ” for Sorghum or Chinese Sugar-cane, 283 ” for Tobacco, 275 ” for Turnips, 285-322 ” for Wheat, 167 ” from Cows, 302 ” from Earth-closet, 310 ” from Oxen, 303 ” from Pigs, Mr. Lawes’ Experiments, 301 ” from Sheep, 303 ” Grain Farms, Management of, 117 ” Guano, Price of Now and Thirty Years Ago, 328 ” Guano, Rectified Peruvian, 319 ” Gypsum and Clover as, 125 ” Heap, Changes in, 67 ” ” Fermenting, 38 ” ” in Winter, 84 ” ” Piling in Field, 88-89-90 ” ” Turning, 88 ” Hen, 43-104-301 ” Horse, 32-86 ” Horse and Farm-yard, 50 ” How and When it Should be Applied, 267 ” How John Johnston Manages it, 76 ” How Made and Used in Maryland, 349 ” How the Deacon Makes it, 74 ” How to Make, 41 ” How to Make More, 256 ” How to Make More and Better on Dairy Farms, 105 ” How to Make Poor, Rich, 274-293 ” How to Make Richer, 257 ” How Much it Shrinks by Fermentation, 342 ” How Much Nitrogen in a Load of, 306 ” in Kansas, 340 ” in Philadelphia, Interesting Facts, 338 ” Keeping Under Cover, 59 ” Lime as, 215 ” Liquid, 306 ” Management of in Canada, 335 ” Mr. Lawes’ Experiments with, 95 ” Loss from Leaching, 99 ” Management of, 94 ” Market Value of, 104 ” Mixed with Lime, 222 ” Natural, 23 ” Night soil as, 308 ” Nitrate of Soda as, 134 ” Not Available, 95 ” on Dairy Farm, 101 ” on Permanent Meadows and Pastures, 271 ” Preserved by the Soil, 177 ” Pigs’, 86 ” Piling, 116 ” Potash as, 329 ” Price of in Boston, 344 ” ” ” Maryland, 339 ” ” ” New Haven, 341 ” ” ” New York, 334 ” ” per Horse in New York, 336 ” Quantity Made on a Farm, 12 ” Quantity of Used on Long Island. Interesting Statistics, 336 ” Reduced by Fermentation, 297 ” Richer in Plant-food than the Food

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PUBLIC-DOMAIN BOOK Talks on Manures A Series of Familiar and Practical Talks Between the Author and the Deacon, the Doctor, and Other Neighbors, on the Whole Subject Harris, Joseph, 1828-1892primary

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