TALKS ON MANURES A SERIES OF FAMILIAR AND PRACTICAL TALKS BETWEEN THE AUTHOR AND THE DEACON, THE DOCTOR, AND OTHER NEIGHBORS, ON THE WHOLE SUBJECT TEXT

Harris, Joseph, 1828-1892 · 2006 · 1.1 MB PUBLIC-DOMAIN BOOK BOOK DETAILS DOWNLOAD

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Page 1 104 matches * * * * * TALKS ON MANURES. A Series of Familiar and Practical Talks Between the Author and the Deacon, the Doctor, and Oth Page 2 50 matches us, and this fact explains and confirms the common idea that shade is manure. The great object of agriculture is to convert the nitrogen of our soils, or of green crops plowed under, Page 3 44 matches buy such food as will furnish the most nutriment and make the richest manure at the least cost--taking both of these objects into consideration. He will also buy more or less artifici Page 4 56 matches manure one. Is this “high farming?” I think in my circumstances it is good farming, but it is not high farming. I Page 5 39 matches or is defective, inasmuch as it makes no distinction between soil and manure. Both contain plant-food.” “What is your definition of manure?” asked Charley; “it would seem as though w Page 6 56 matches manure, will almost invariably give us a greatly increased yield of grain crops. I should expect, on my farm, tha Page 7 71 matches grass. And as all this produce was consumed on the farm, we made more manure than if we had plowed less land.” I have great faith in the benefits of thorough tillage--or, in other wo Page 8 97 matches for manure alone, found it still more profitable to use it first for food, and then for manure afterwards. Mr. Lawes, Page 9 66 matches depreciation of the value of the manure. In the foregoing analyses he will find the direct proof that as long as heavy showers of rain are exclude Page 10 67 matches The above analyses are of value to those who buy fresh and fermented manure. They can form some idea of what they are getting. If they buy a ton of fresh manure in November, they get Page 11 98 matches ectual means of preventing loss in fertilizing matters is to cart the manure directly on the field whenever circumstances allow this to be done. “7. On all soils with a moderate prop Page 12 128 matches manure is handled but once. It is made in the yard and sheds, and lies there until it is drawn to the field in th Page 13 123 matches corn-stalks and straw, and what they do not eat is thrown out of the mangers and racks, and used for bedding. I should state, too, that I keep a good many pigs, seldom having less t Page 14 111 matches se and cart we drew to this heap, just as winter set in, every bit of manure that could be found on the premises, and everything that would make manure. When got all together, it made Page 15 85 matches gument,” said the Deacon, “against your plan of piling and fermenting manure.” “Not at all,” I replied; “it is a strong reason for not letting manure lie under the eaves of an unspou Page 16 45 matches oductive meadow or pasture for years to come--or until our young dairyman could afford to give it one of Harris Lewis’ “homœopathic” doses of 40 loads of good manure per acre. He woul Page 17 62 matches In regard to the application of manure on a dairy-farm, we have seen what Harris Lewis does with his. I also wrote to T. L. Harison, Esq., of St. Page 18 44 matches ed nothing but straw to stock is poor economy; and to rot it down for manure is no better. Straw itself is not worth $3.00 a ton for manure; and as one ton of straw, spread in an open Page 19 10 matches or soiling, or make it into hay, feed it out to stock, and return the manure to the land. If clover got its nitrogen from the atmosphere, we might sell the clover, and depend on the r Page 20 15 matches well known, is specially benefited by the application of nitrogenous manures, and as clover carries off so large a quantity of nitrogen, it is natural to expect the yield of wheat, a Page 21 2 matches however, by no means proves its sufficiency for the production of so many crops of wheat; for, in the first place, it can not be shown that the whole of the phosphoric acid found by Page 22 13 matches und in the clover-roots from the part of the field twice mown. In the manure, in which the decay of such and similar organic remains proceeds, much of the non-nitrogenous, or carbonac Page 23 27 matches ch, by good cultivation, and the liberal use of animal and artificial manures, they may expect a good crop of wheat from the roots of the clover. But they take good care to feed out t Page 24 78 matches wheat, or we must make more and richer manure, or we must plow in more clover. The rotation, which many of us now adopt--corn, barley, wheat--is profita Page 25 47 matches crease per | | | Produce per Acre, etc. |Acre by Manure.| | | P --------------+----+----+----+----+---------------+ | | l Dressed corn. | | Page 26 54 matches reduced the plots, previously so differently circumstanced both as to manure and produce, to something like an uniform standard as regards their grain-producing qualities. “Plot 2 ha Page 27 30 matches .. | .. | .. | .. | 200 | .. | 200 | 300 | .. | 500 | 20 | Unmanured.| .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 21}| .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | Page 28 31 matches with the difference in the crop; 8_a_ was left this year without any manure, and though it had received a liberal supply of mineral manures the year before, and minerals and ammonia- Page 29 25 matches +----+----+------+-----+------+----+----+--- The plot continuously unmanured, gives about 16 bushels of wheat per acre. The plot with barn-yard manure, nearly 30 bushels per acre. Page 30 11 matches per Acre, || | Produce per Acre, | etc. (For the Manures || | etc. (For the Manures P | see pp. 202 and 203.) || P | see pp. 202 and 203.) Page 31 82 matches until the 16th of March 1853. You will see that the produce on the unmanured plot was less than 6 bushels per acre. With barn-yard manure, 19 bushels, and with a heavy dressing of am Page 32 29 matches om the air_. This is an important fact. Lime may act beneficially on many or most soils by converting the soda silicate into a lime silicate, or, in other words, converting a salt th Page 33 40 matches ined 62 lbs. of nitrogen. How much nitrogen does 10 tons of barn-yard manure contain?” “That depends a good deal on what food the animals eat. Ten tons of average fresh manure would Page 34 10 matches | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. 6{1 | .. | .. | -- unmanured continuously-- | .. {2* | .. |<..> | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. 7 | 14 | .. | . Page 35 17 matches on the Growth of Barley, Year After Year, on the Same Land, Without Manure, and With Different Descriptions of Manure, Hoos Field, Rothamsted, England. Table V.--Straw (and cha Page 36 72 matches a good crop. The unmanured plot, it will be seen, yielded over 35 bushels per acre of dressed grain, weighing over 53½ lbs. per bush Page 37 64 matches heat, or barley after barley, we do not get half the benefit from the manure which it is theoretically capable of producing. Now, the question is, whether by a judicious rotation of Page 38 80 matches eed out this amount of bran and cake, and you would have 800 loads of manure, worth _on the land_ $2,226.96, or, estimating as before that it cost 30 cents a load to handle it, its ne Page 39 87 matches of land will grow 25 bushels of corn every year, we should aim to so manage it, that it will grow 50 every other year, or 75 every third year, or, if the _climate_ is capable of doin Page 40 58 matches and when _potash_ is added to the manure, the yield is still further increased.” “Answer me one question,” said the Deacon, “and let us leave the Page 41 81 matches “We may conclude, therefore, that on this soil, which has never been manured, and which has been cultivated for many years with the _Ceralia_--or, in other words, with crops which re Page 42 89 matches common salt, alone, or with other manures, had comparatively little effect. Practically, when we want to grow a good crop of beets or mangels, the Page 43 121 matches richer the manure is in nitrogenous matter, and the more thoroughly this is distributed through the manure, the more readily Page 44 49 matches -------------+-------+--------- No.| Kind And Condition Of Manures. | Wt/Bu | Wt/Load ---+--------------------------------------------+-------+--------- | Page 45 30 matches “if it could be purchased at the same price, it would be the cheaper manure. It contains 46½ per cent of potash, and on soils, or for crops where potash is needed, we may sometimes b Page 46 43 matches n fact a patent was taken out by the Musgraves, of Liverpool, for the manufacture of Liebig’s Special Manures, based on this theory. But the manures, though extensively used by the le Page 47 36 matches d 20 or 25 years ago. It may be, that the guano is still the cheapest manure in the market, but at any rate the price is higher than formerly--while there has been no corresponding ad Page 48 61 matches proportion, considerably lower than that grown on the continuously unmanured land. These results, if they are to be accepted as correct, must bring about a very considerable change Page 49 87 matches an invaluable acquisition to the agricultural literature of the day. Manure in this city is usually sold by the two-horse load--about 1½ tons--at the rate of $1 per load, or 66 cents Page 50 17 matches ----+------++-----+----+-----++ m t |Food|100 I| Man.|Resp. || Inc.|Man.|Resp.|| t d. ---------------------+----+-----+-----+------++-----+----+-----++----- Page 51 20 matches --+----+----+----+----+----+----- B.--AVERAGE COMPOSITION OF VARIOUS MANURES. W Water. OS Organic Substance. A Ash. N Nitrogen. P Potash. S Soda. L Lime. M Ma Page 52 60 matches Barn-yard Manure, Difference in Quality of, 246 Bean-straw for Manure, Page 53 67 matches d in Open Yard, 63 ” Stable, Management, 333 ” Straw and Chaff as, Page 54 7 matches roofs and roofing, doors and fastenings, workshops, poultry houses, manure sheds, barnyards, root pits, etc. 235 pages. 5 × 7 inches. Cloth. $1.00 +Irrigation Farming+ By L

from which it is Derived, 301 ” Sea-weed as, 337 ” Sheep, 86 ” Should be Broken Up Fine, 268 ” Soluble Phosphates in, 72 ” Special, 140-320 ” Specific Gravity of from Different Animals, 305 ” Spread in Open Yard, 63 ” Stable, Management, 333 ” Straw and Chaff as, 200 ” Superphosphate, How Made, 317 ” Swamp-Muck as, 29 ” Tank, 115 ” the Author’s Plan of Managing, 83 ” Tillage as, 32-121-225 ” Top-dressing for Wheat in Kansas, 350 ” ” ” on Growing Crops, 343 ” to What Crops Should it be Applied, 265 ” Value of, 78 ” Value of Depends on the Food, Not on the Animal, 43 ” Value of Straw as, 123 ” Water in, 124 ” Weeds as, 24 ” Weight of, 343-350 ” Well-rotted, Composition of, 65 ” Well-rotted, Loss from Leaching, 65 ” What is it?, 19-22 ” Why Do We Ferment?, 94 Market Gardens, Irrigation in, 295 ” ” Manure for, 294 ” ” Pig-manure on, 295 Meadows, Manure for, 271 Night soil, 225-308 Nitrate of Potash, 312 Nitrate of Soda, 134 ” ” Acts Quicker than Ammonia, 313 ” ” as a Top-dressing for Wheat, 270 ” ” Composition of, 312 ” ” for Apple Trees, 314 ” ” for Barley, 243 ” ” for Oats, 252 ” ” for Onions, 294 ” ” for Sugar-Beets, 289 ” ” for Wheat, 159 ” ” How to Apply, 312 Nitric Acid, 341 Nitrogen, Amount per Acre in the Soil, 28-162 ” as Manure, 28 ” in Soils, 106-226-336-341 ” Makes Poor Manure Rich, 246 Nurserymen, Manure for, 297 Oats, Experiments on in Virginia, 253 ” Experiments on at Moreton Farm, 254 ” Lawes’ and Gilbert’s Experiments on, 252 ” Manures for, 252 Oil-cake for Sheep, 76 Onions, Manure for, 294 Peas for Pigs, 17 Pea-straw for Manure, 48 Peat, Composition of, 31 Phosphates, 27 ” Exhaustion of on Dairy Farms, 101 ” Soluble in Barn-yard Manure, 72 Phosphoric Acid in Soils, 106-226 ” ” per Acre in Soils, 162 ” ” Retained by the Soil, 219 ” ” Removed from the Farm by Hay, and by Milch Cows, 316 Pig Manure, 43-86 ” ” Composition of, 306 ” ” for Cabbage, 302 Pigs as Manure-Makers for Market Gardeners, 295 Pigs’ Bedding, 31 ” for Enriching Pasture-Land, 304 ” How to Save Manure from, 304 ” Manure from, 301-304 Piling Manure, 97 Plant-food, 21-105 ” ” Amount of in an Acre, 24-39 ” ” in New and Cultivated Land, 39 Plaster for Indian Corn, 277 Plowing in the Fall, 17 Potash, Amount of in the Soil, 25-329 ” as Manure, 329 ” as Manure for Wheat, 215 ” for Cabbages, 292 ” for Potatoes, 255-260 ” for Potatoes and Root-Crops, 330 ” How to Ascertain when the Soil Needs, 330 ” in Nitrate of Potash, 314 ” Not a Special Manure for Turnips, 322 ” on Grass Land, 273 ” our Soils not so likely to be Deficient in, as of Nitrogen and Phosphoric Acid, 330 ” Retained by the Soil, 219 ” Value of in Artificial Manures, 326 Potatoes, after Root-Crops, 287 ” Ammonia for, 261 ” Cost of Raising, 10 ” Experiments on at Moreton Farm, 259 ” for Manure, 48 ” How to Raise a Large Crop, 255 ” Manures for, 255 ” Mr. Hunter’s Experiments on in England, 260 ” on Rich Land, 263 ” Profits of Using Artificial Manures on, 263 ” Will Manure Injure, Quality of, 264 Rape-cake, 46 ” ” as Manure for Hops, 274 Roots, Amount of Left in Soil by Different Crops, 164 Root-crops, 17 Rotation of Crops and Manures, 246 Rushmore, J. H., Letter from, 345 Routzahn, H. L., Letter from, 349 Salt as a Manure for Wheat, 270 ” Common as Manure for Wheat, 200 ” for Mangel-wurzels, 104 Saw-dust for Bedding, 103 Season, a Poor, Profitable for Good Farmers, 213 ” and Manure for Oats, 253 ” Influence of on the Growth of Wheat, 210 ” Profit in Raising Oats in a Poor, 253 ” Profit in Raising Barley in a Poor, 243 Seasons, Influence on Crops, 21 Seed Growers, Manures for, 296 Sewage, 308 Sheep-Manure, 303-333-339 ” ” Composition of, 306 ” vs. Oxen as Manure Makers, 303 Shelton, Prof. E. M., Letter from, 350 Soil, Composition of, 144-150 ” Exhaustion of, 23-27-332 ” from Earth-closet, 225 ” Nitrogen and Phosphoric Acid in, 226 ” Plant-food in, 105 ” Weight of per Acre, 221 Soils Absorb Ammonia from Atmosphere, 219 ” Absorptive Powers of, 217 Sorghum, Manures for, 283 Special Manures, 320 Straw, 26 ” Amount of Manure from, 124 ” and Chaff for Manure, 200 ” for Manures, 48 ” on Grain Farms, 118 ” Selling, 123 Sturtevant, Dr. E. L., Letter from, 344 Superphosphate, 116 ” for Barley, 241 ” for Indian Corn, 279 ” for Potatoes, 259 ” for Private Gardens, 296 ” for Turnips, 285-322 ” for Wheat, 168-169 ” from Bones, Composition of, 319 ” from Mineral Phosphates, 320 ” How Applied, 320 ” on Dairy Farms, 315 ” on Grass Land, 273 ” Value of as Compared with Bone-Dust, 319 ” What Crops Best for, 243 Superphospate of Lime, Doctor Tells How it is Made, 317 Superphosphate of Lime, When First Made in the United States, 324 Surface Application of Manure, 70-268 Swamp-muck, 29 ” ” Composition of, 31 Swine, see Pigs. Thomas, J. J., Remarks on the Application of Manures, 269 Tillage is Manure, 32-121-163-225 Tobacco, Manure for, 275 Top dressing with Manure, 269 Turnips, Do They Absorb Nitrogen from the Atmosphere, 250 ” Impoverish the Soil More than Grain, 250 ” Manure for, 285 ” and Wheat, Special Manures for, 321 Urine from Farm Animals Richer than Human, 309 ” vs. Solid Manure, 294 Valuation of Fertilizers, 324 Water, Amount Given Off by Plants During Their Growth, 131 Water Equivalent to Manure, 296 Weeds, 15-41-189 Weed-seeds in Manure, 97 Weld, Col. M. C., Letter from, 344 Wheat, Ammonia for, 192 ” Artificial Manures for Should be Drilled in with Seed, 168-169 ” Common Salt as Manure for, 200 ” Crop, Composition of, 26-129-138-340 ” Effect of Manure on, in Poor Season, 213 ” Influence of Season on, 210 ” is it Deteriorating? 189 ” Larger Crops per Acre, 122 ” Lawes’ and Gilbert’s Experiments on, 140-170-333 ” Manures for, 167 ” Mr. Lawes’ Experiments on, 122 ” Nitrogen as Manure for, 141 ” Plant-food in, 101 ” Potash as Manure for, 215 ” Straw and Chaff as a Manure for, 200 ” Summer Fallowing for, 35-168 ” the 20th Crop on Same Land, 213 ” Top-dressing for, 270 ” vs. Corn, Comparative Yield of, 276 ” Well-rotted Manure for, 267 ” Why Our Crops are so Poor, 214 ” Yield per Acre, 11 * * * * * Sent Free on Application Descriptive Catalog _of_ Rural Books _Containing 128 8vo Pages, Profusely Illustrated, and Giving Full Descriptions of the Best Works on the Following Subjects_ : : : : Farm and Garden Fruits, Flowers, etc. Cattle, Sheep and Swine Dogs, Horses, Riding, etc. Poultry, Pigeons and Bees Angling and Fishing Boating, Canoeing and Sailing Field Sports and Natural History Hunting, Shooting, etc. Architecture and Building Landscape Gardening Household and Miscellaneous Publishers and Importers Orange Judd Company 315-321 Fourth Avenue NEW YORK Books will be Forwarded, Postpaid, on Receipt of Price +Feeding Farm Animals+ By Professor THOMAS SHAW. 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PUBLIC-DOMAIN BOOK Talks on Manures A Series of Familiar and Practical Talks Between the Author and the Deacon, the Doctor, and Other Neighbors, on the Whole Subject Harris, Joseph, 1828-1892primary

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