TALKS ON MANURES A SERIES OF FAMILIAR AND PRACTICAL TALKS BETWEEN THE AUTHOR AND THE DEACON, THE DOCTOR, AND OTHER NEIGHBORS, ON THE WHOLE SUBJECT TEXT

Harris, Joseph, 1828-1892 · 2006 · 1.1 MB PUBLIC-DOMAIN BOOK BOOK DETAILS DOWNLOAD

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Page 2 4 matches growth of root brings the plant in contact with a larger feeding surface, and enables it to take up more nitric acid from its solution in the soil. Such is also the case during the w Page 3 2 matches aith in good plowing, early sowing, and thorough cultivation. PREFACE TO FIRST EDITION. The Printers have got our “Talks on Manures” in type; and the publishers want a Preface. Page 4 3 matches n as many months. Time is required for the chemical changes to take place in the soil. But watch the effect on the clover for the next two years, and when the land is plowed again, se Page 6 1 match is tillage.” CHAPTER VIII. SUMMER-FALLOWING. This is not the place to discuss the merits, or demerits, of fallowing. But an intelligent Ohio farmer writes me: --“I see that you Page 7 7 matches eat will be produced by the slow combustion of a portion of the carbonaceous and nitrogenous matter, and the result will be a mass of material, which we should all recognize as “manur Page 8 5 matches ny value in the table. For instance, there is a large amount of carbonaceous matter in the manure of animals, which, for some crops, is not without value, but which is not here taken Page 9 2 matches s very considerable. The five tons (10,000 lbs.,) of fresh manure placed in a heap on the 3d of November, are reduced to 7,138 lbs. by the 30th of April. Of this 4,707 lbs. is water Page 10 1 match y manure deteriorates by being exposed to rain, spread out on the surface of the yard. The table merits careful study.” Table Showing Composition of Experimental Heap (No. III.). F Page 11 9 matches plow in the manure at once, or to let it lie for some time on the surface, and to give the rain full opportunity to wash it into the soil. “It appears to me a matter of the greatest Page 12 2 matches that he gets far more benefit from the manure when applied on the surface, and left exposed for several months, than if he plowed it under at once. I like to write and talk about Jo Page 13 14 matches ht the farm thirteen years ago; and much of this increase has taken place during the last five or six years, and I expect to see still greater improvement year by year. “Never mind a Page 14 3 matches e. 2d. When manure is allowed to lie scattered about over a large surface, it is liable to have much of its value washed out by the rain. In a compact heap of this kind, the rain or s Page 15 6 matches ceive from ten to twenty times as much water as would fall on the surface of the heap.” “But you do recommend piling manure and fermenting it in the open air and keeping the top flat Page 16 3 matches implements 65.00 Average repairs of place and buildings 175.00 Average depreciation and interest on stock 180.00 In Page 19 4 matches practice. We must either plow under the clover, let it rot on the surface, or pasture it, or use it for soiling, or make it into hay, feed it out to stock, and return the manure to th Page 20 5 matches to these crops, either by strengthening the straw, or stems of graminaceous plants, or otherwise benefiting them; but, after deducting the amount of silica from the total amount of m Page 21 7 matches ction, a six-inch slice cut down at a depth of 12 inches from the surface, no distinct fibres could be found. The soil was almost completely saturated with rain when it was dug up on Page 22 8 matches hed, when very nearly dry: Lbs. Surface, six inches 2,407,900 Next ” 2,444,200 Third ” 2,480,500 “ Page 23 1 match nalyses of the soil show that in the first eighteen inches of the surface-soil, there was 6,550 lbs. of nitrogen per acre, on one part of the field, and 10,300 lbs. on the other part. Page 24 3 matches about 5 per cent of nitrogen, and is also rich in minerals and _carbonaceous matter_. It gives an increase, but not as large in proportion to the nitrogen furnished, as the sulphate o Page 25 2 matches t there is little danger of any loss from spreading manure on the surface, and I suppose you would have us conclude that we make a mistake in plowing it under, as the soil renders it Page 26 5 matches nd it to his advantage to use it largely as a top-dressing on the surface. Exposing manure to the atmosphere, spread out on the land for several months, and harrowing it occasionally, Page 27 1 match and important results. I was there at the time. But this is not the place to discuss the question. I am often amused, however, at the remarks we often hear in regard to the inferior q Page 31 1 match njured by stagnant water _in the soil_, and standing water on the surface. I think we may safely say that one-third the wheat-crop of this county (Monroe Co., N.Y.), is lost for want Page 32 9 matches potash, etc., was mixed with it, the ammonia, or potash, taking the place of the lime or soda. Prof. Way’s discovery, then, is not that soils have “absorptive properties”--that has b Page 33 1 match siderable extent. I have several times sown barley as soon as the surface-soil was thawed out five or six inches deep, but with a bed of solid frozen earth beneath. 3d. Two-rowed bar Page 36 1 match was applied in the spring. If the manure had been applied on the surface, instead of plowing it under, I believe the effect would have been still more in favor of the autumn-manuring Page 38 2 matches h a little soil, and then the superphosphate or sulphate of ammonia placed on the top and covered with soil before the seed was planted. Notwithstanding this precaution, the rain wash Page 39 8 matches ill not interfere with the drill. And the manure will be near the surface, where the young roots of the wheat can get hold of it. “You must recollect,” said the Doctor, “that the roo Page 40 7 matches case; and yet there seem to be some facts that would incline us to place Indian corn with the leguminous plants, such as clover, peas, and beans, rather than with the cereals, wheat, Page 41 4 matches to good food the refuse plant-food left in the soil. It is to the surface soil, what clover is to the subsoil. To the market gardener, or to a farmer who manures heavily common turnip Page 42 1 match e trouble is in the quality of the manure. It contains too much carbonaceous matter. In other words, it is so poor in nitrogen and phosphoric acid, that an excessive quantity has to b Page 43 4 matches each load of this rotted manure costs at least $5.00. H. E. Hooker places the cost of manure equally high, but seems willing to use all he can get, and does not think we can profitab Page 44 3 matches Some of it comes back to us in rains and dews. Of course, there are places where the sewage of our cities and villages can be used for irrigating purposes. But when water is used as f Page 45 3 matches acid, and potash, are largely retained in the first few inches of surface soil, and the deeper roots get hold of only those portions which leach through the upper layer of earth. Nitr Page 46 4 matches r thirty years’ experience in the use of these fertilizers, I would place far more confidence on a good and reliable analysis than on any actual trial I could make in the field. Testi Page 47 2 matches and was very light, and that you might walk over the fresh plowed surface in the wettest weather without any clay sticking to your boots: still a portion of the soil was dark in color Page 48 9 matches c acid by drainage. I was not at all surprised to find, that the surface soil of a wood on my farm, was poorer in nitrogen than the soil of an old permanent pasture, to which no manu Page 49 8 matches o dispense with railroad transportation in bringing manure to their places and marketing crops. I have noticed that one of the shrewdest gardeners invariably composts horn-shavings an Page 50 1 match |948 | 1.6| 5.0| 2.2| 0.4| 0.3| 0.4| 1.0| 0.4| 0.2 Sugar-beet Pomace |700 | 2.9| 11.4| 3.9| 0.9| 2.6| 0.7| 1.1| 0.4| 0.9 Clarifying Refuse |948 | 0.8| 3.3| 0.3| 0.1| 1.1| 0.2| Page 51 1 match of roots) | 19 | 0.24| 1.15|0.336|0.108|0.132|0.144 Pomace (15 per cent | | | | | | | of roots) | 46 | 0.44| 1.71|0.5 Page 52 3 matches by Growing, 133-163 ” Letting it Rot on the Surface as Manure, 134 ” Nitrogen as a Manure for, 141 ” Pastu Page 53 1 match uperphosphate of Lime, When First Made in the United States, 324 Surface Application of Manure, 70-268 Swamp-muck, Page 54 2 matches con,” said he _quotation marks as in original (same speaker)_ carbonaceous matter and water, of little or no value?” _text has question mark after close quote_ It would be a very

from which it is Derived, 301 ” Sea-weed as, 337 ” Sheep, 86 ” Should be Broken Up Fine, 268 ” Soluble Phosphates in, 72 ” Special, 140-320 ” Specific Gravity of from Different Animals, 305 ” Spread in Open Yard, 63 ” Stable, Management, 333 ” Straw and Chaff as, 200 ” Superphosphate, How Made, 317 ” Swamp-Muck as, 29 ” Tank, 115 ” the Author’s Plan of Managing, 83 ” Tillage as, 32-121-225 ” Top-dressing for Wheat in Kansas, 350 ” ” ” on Growing Crops, 343 ” to What Crops Should it be Applied, 265 ” Value of, 78 ” Value of Depends on the Food, Not on the Animal, 43 ” Value of Straw as, 123 ” Water in, 124 ” Weeds as, 24 ” Weight of, 343-350 ” Well-rotted, Composition of, 65 ” Well-rotted, Loss from Leaching, 65 ” What is it?, 19-22 ” Why Do We Ferment?, 94 Market Gardens, Irrigation in, 295 ” ” Manure for, 294 ” ” Pig-manure on, 295 Meadows, Manure for, 271 Night soil, 225-308 Nitrate of Potash, 312 Nitrate of Soda, 134 ” ” Acts Quicker than Ammonia, 313 ” ” as a Top-dressing for Wheat, 270 ” ” Composition of, 312 ” ” for Apple Trees, 314 ” ” for Barley, 243 ” ” for Oats, 252 ” ” for Onions, 294 ” ” for Sugar-Beets, 289 ” ” for Wheat, 159 ” ” How to Apply, 312 Nitric Acid, 341 Nitrogen, Amount per Acre in the Soil, 28-162 ” as Manure, 28 ” in Soils, 106-226-336-341 ” Makes Poor Manure Rich, 246 Nurserymen, Manure for, 297 Oats, Experiments on in Virginia, 253 ” Experiments on at Moreton Farm, 254 ” Lawes’ and Gilbert’s Experiments on, 252 ” Manures for, 252 Oil-cake for Sheep, 76 Onions, Manure for, 294 Peas for Pigs, 17 Pea-straw for Manure, 48 Peat, Composition of, 31 Phosphates, 27 ” Exhaustion of on Dairy Farms, 101 ” Soluble in Barn-yard Manure, 72 Phosphoric Acid in Soils, 106-226 ” ” per Acre in Soils, 162 ” ” Retained by the Soil, 219 ” ” Removed from the Farm by Hay, and by Milch Cows, 316 Pig Manure, 43-86 ” ” Composition of, 306 ” ” for Cabbage, 302 Pigs as Manure-Makers for Market Gardeners, 295 Pigs’ Bedding, 31 ” for Enriching Pasture-Land, 304 ” How to Save Manure from, 304 ” Manure from, 301-304 Piling Manure, 97 Plant-food, 21-105 ” ” Amount of in an Acre, 24-39 ” ” in New and Cultivated Land, 39 Plaster for Indian Corn, 277 Plowing in the Fall, 17 Potash, Amount of in the Soil, 25-329 ” as Manure, 329 ” as Manure for Wheat, 215 ” for Cabbages, 292 ” for Potatoes, 255-260 ” for Potatoes and Root-Crops, 330 ” How to Ascertain when the Soil Needs, 330 ” in Nitrate of Potash, 314 ” Not a Special Manure for Turnips, 322 ” on Grass Land, 273 ” our Soils not so likely to be Deficient in, as of Nitrogen and Phosphoric Acid, 330 ” Retained by the Soil, 219 ” Value of in Artificial Manures, 326 Potatoes, after Root-Crops, 287 ” Ammonia for, 261 ” Cost of Raising, 10 ” Experiments on at Moreton Farm, 259 ” for Manure, 48 ” How to Raise a Large Crop, 255 ” Manures for, 255 ” Mr. Hunter’s Experiments on in England, 260 ” on Rich Land, 263 ” Profits of Using Artificial Manures on, 263 ” Will Manure Injure, Quality of, 264 Rape-cake, 46 ” ” as Manure for Hops, 274 Roots, Amount of Left in Soil by Different Crops, 164 Root-crops, 17 Rotation of Crops and Manures, 246 Rushmore, J. H., Letter from, 345 Routzahn, H. L., Letter from, 349 Salt as a Manure for Wheat, 270 ” Common as Manure for Wheat, 200 ” for Mangel-wurzels, 104 Saw-dust for Bedding, 103 Season, a Poor, Profitable for Good Farmers, 213 ” and Manure for Oats, 253 ” Influence of on the Growth of Wheat, 210 ” Profit in Raising Oats in a Poor, 253 ” Profit in Raising Barley in a Poor, 243 Seasons, Influence on Crops, 21 Seed Growers, Manures for, 296 Sewage, 308 Sheep-Manure, 303-333-339 ” ” Composition of, 306 ” vs. Oxen as Manure Makers, 303 Shelton, Prof. E. M., Letter from, 350 Soil, Composition of, 144-150 ” Exhaustion of, 23-27-332 ” from Earth-closet, 225 ” Nitrogen and Phosphoric Acid in, 226 ” Plant-food in, 105 ” Weight of per Acre, 221 Soils Absorb Ammonia from Atmosphere, 219 ” Absorptive Powers of, 217 Sorghum, Manures for, 283 Special Manures, 320 Straw, 26 ” Amount of Manure from, 124 ” and Chaff for Manure, 200 ” for Manures, 48 ” on Grain Farms, 118 ” Selling, 123 Sturtevant, Dr. E. L., Letter from, 344 Superphosphate, 116 ” for Barley, 241 ” for Indian Corn, 279 ” for Potatoes, 259 ” for Private Gardens, 296 ” for Turnips, 285-322 ” for Wheat, 168-169 ” from Bones, Composition of, 319 ” from Mineral Phosphates, 320 ” How Applied, 320 ” on Dairy Farms, 315 ” on Grass Land, 273 ” Value of as Compared with Bone-Dust, 319 ” What Crops Best for, 243 Superphospate of Lime, Doctor Tells How it is Made, 317 Superphosphate of Lime, When First Made in the United States, 324 Surface Application of Manure, 70-268 Swamp-muck, 29 ” ” Composition of, 31 Swine, see Pigs. Thomas, J. J., Remarks on the Application of Manures, 269 Tillage is Manure, 32-121-163-225 Tobacco, Manure for, 275 Top dressing with Manure, 269 Turnips, Do They Absorb Nitrogen from the Atmosphere, 250 ” Impoverish the Soil More than Grain, 250 ” Manure for, 285 ” and Wheat, Special Manures for, 321 Urine from Farm Animals Richer than Human, 309 ” vs. Solid Manure, 294 Valuation of Fertilizers, 324 Water, Amount Given Off by Plants During Their Growth, 131 Water Equivalent to Manure, 296 Weeds, 15-41-189 Weed-seeds in Manure, 97 Weld, Col. M. C., Letter from, 344 Wheat, Ammonia for, 192 ” Artificial Manures for Should be Drilled in with Seed, 168-169 ” Common Salt as Manure for, 200 ” Crop, Composition of, 26-129-138-340 ” Effect of Manure on, in Poor Season, 213 ” Influence of Season on, 210 ” is it Deteriorating? 189 ” Larger Crops per Acre, 122 ” Lawes’ and Gilbert’s Experiments on, 140-170-333 ” Manures for, 167 ” Mr. Lawes’ Experiments on, 122 ” Nitrogen as Manure for, 141 ” Plant-food in, 101 ” Potash as Manure for, 215 ” Straw and Chaff as a Manure for, 200 ” Summer Fallowing for, 35-168 ” the 20th Crop on Same Land, 213 ” Top-dressing for, 270 ” vs. Corn, Comparative Yield of, 276 ” Well-rotted Manure for, 267 ” Why Our Crops are so Poor, 214 ” Yield per Acre, 11 * * * * * Sent Free on Application Descriptive Catalog _of_ Rural Books _Containing 128 8vo Pages, Profusely Illustrated, and Giving Full Descriptions of the Best Works on the Following Subjects_ : : : : Farm and Garden Fruits, Flowers, etc. Cattle, Sheep and Swine Dogs, Horses, Riding, etc. Poultry, Pigeons and Bees Angling and Fishing Boating, Canoeing and Sailing Field Sports and Natural History Hunting, Shooting, etc. Architecture and Building Landscape Gardening Household and Miscellaneous Publishers and Importers Orange Judd Company 315-321 Fourth Avenue NEW YORK Books will be Forwarded, Postpaid, on Receipt of Price +Feeding Farm Animals+ By Professor THOMAS SHAW. 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PUBLIC-DOMAIN BOOK Talks on Manures A Series of Familiar and Practical Talks Between the Author and the Deacon, the Doctor, and Other Neighbors, on the Whole Subject Harris, Joseph, 1828-1892primary

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