TALKS ON MANURES A SERIES OF FAMILIAR AND PRACTICAL TALKS BETWEEN THE AUTHOR AND THE DEACON, THE DOCTOR, AND OTHER NEIGHBORS, ON THE WHOLE SUBJECT
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growth of root brings the plant in contact with a larger feeding surface, and enables it to take up more nitric acid from its solution in the soil. Such is also the case during the w
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aith in good plowing, early sowing, and thorough cultivation. PREFACE TO FIRST EDITION. The Printers have got our “Talks on Manures” in type; and the publishers want a Preface.
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n as many months. Time is required for the chemical changes to take place in the soil. But watch the effect on the clover for the next two years, and when the land is plowed again, se
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is tillage.” CHAPTER VIII. SUMMER-FALLOWING. This is not the place to discuss the merits, or demerits, of fallowing. But an intelligent Ohio farmer writes me: --“I see that you
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eat will be produced by the slow combustion of a portion of the carbonaceous and nitrogenous matter, and the result will be a mass of material, which we should all recognize as “manur
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ny value in the table. For instance, there is a large amount of carbonaceous matter in the manure of animals, which, for some crops, is not without value, but which is not here taken
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s very considerable. The five tons (10,000 lbs.,) of fresh manure placed in a heap on the 3d of November, are reduced to 7,138 lbs. by the 30th of April. Of this 4,707 lbs. is water
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y manure deteriorates by being exposed to rain, spread out on the surface of the yard. The table merits careful study.” Table Showing Composition of Experimental Heap (No. III.). F
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plow in the manure at once, or to let it lie for some time on the surface, and to give the rain full opportunity to wash it into the soil. “It appears to me a matter of the greatest
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that he gets far more benefit from the manure when applied on the surface, and left exposed for several months, than if he plowed it under at once. I like to write and talk about Jo
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ht the farm thirteen years ago; and much of this increase has taken place during the last five or six years, and I expect to see still greater improvement year by year. “Never mind a
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e. 2d. When manure is allowed to lie scattered about over a large surface, it is liable to have much of its value washed out by the rain. In a compact heap of this kind, the rain or s
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ceive from ten to twenty times as much water as would fall on the surface of the heap.” “But you do recommend piling manure and fermenting it in the open air and keeping the top flat
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implements 65.00 Average repairs of place and buildings 175.00 Average depreciation and interest on stock 180.00 In
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practice. We must either plow under the clover, let it rot on the surface, or pasture it, or use it for soiling, or make it into hay, feed it out to stock, and return the manure to th
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to these crops, either by strengthening the straw, or stems of graminaceous plants, or otherwise benefiting them; but, after deducting the amount of silica from the total amount of m
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ction, a six-inch slice cut down at a depth of 12 inches from the surface, no distinct fibres could be found. The soil was almost completely saturated with rain when it was dug up on
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hed, when very nearly dry: Lbs. Surface, six inches 2,407,900 Next ” 2,444,200 Third ” 2,480,500 “
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nalyses of the soil show that in the first eighteen inches of the surface-soil, there was 6,550 lbs. of nitrogen per acre, on one part of the field, and 10,300 lbs. on the other part.
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about 5 per cent of nitrogen, and is also rich in minerals and _carbonaceous matter_. It gives an increase, but not as large in proportion to the nitrogen furnished, as the sulphate o
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t there is little danger of any loss from spreading manure on the surface, and I suppose you would have us conclude that we make a mistake in plowing it under, as the soil renders it
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nd it to his advantage to use it largely as a top-dressing on the surface. Exposing manure to the atmosphere, spread out on the land for several months, and harrowing it occasionally,
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and important results. I was there at the time. But this is not the place to discuss the question. I am often amused, however, at the remarks we often hear in regard to the inferior q
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njured by stagnant water _in the soil_, and standing water on the surface. I think we may safely say that one-third the wheat-crop of this county (Monroe Co., N.Y.), is lost for want
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potash, etc., was mixed with it, the ammonia, or potash, taking the place of the lime or soda. Prof. Way’s discovery, then, is not that soils have “absorptive properties”--that has b
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siderable extent. I have several times sown barley as soon as the surface-soil was thawed out five or six inches deep, but with a bed of solid frozen earth beneath. 3d. Two-rowed bar
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was applied in the spring. If the manure had been applied on the surface, instead of plowing it under, I believe the effect would have been still more in favor of the autumn-manuring
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h a little soil, and then the superphosphate or sulphate of ammonia placed on the top and covered with soil before the seed was planted. Notwithstanding this precaution, the rain wash
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ill not interfere with the drill. And the manure will be near the surface, where the young roots of the wheat can get hold of it. “You must recollect,” said the Doctor, “that the roo
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case; and yet there seem to be some facts that would incline us to place Indian corn with the leguminous plants, such as clover, peas, and beans, rather than with the cereals, wheat,
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to good food the refuse plant-food left in the soil. It is to the surface soil, what clover is to the subsoil. To the market gardener, or to a farmer who manures heavily common turnip
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e trouble is in the quality of the manure. It contains too much carbonaceous matter. In other words, it is so poor in nitrogen and phosphoric acid, that an excessive quantity has to b
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each load of this rotted manure costs at least $5.00. H. E. Hooker places the cost of manure equally high, but seems willing to use all he can get, and does not think we can profitab
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Some of it comes back to us in rains and dews. Of course, there are places where the sewage of our cities and villages can be used for irrigating purposes. But when water is used as f
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acid, and potash, are largely retained in the first few inches of surface soil, and the deeper roots get hold of only those portions which leach through the upper layer of earth. Nitr
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r thirty years’ experience in the use of these fertilizers, I would place far more confidence on a good and reliable analysis than on any actual trial I could make in the field. Testi
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and was very light, and that you might walk over the fresh plowed surface in the wettest weather without any clay sticking to your boots: still a portion of the soil was dark in color
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c acid by drainage. I was not at all surprised to find, that the surface soil of a wood on my farm, was poorer in nitrogen than the soil of an old permanent pasture, to which no manu
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o dispense with railroad transportation in bringing manure to their places and marketing crops. I have noticed that one of the shrewdest gardeners invariably composts horn-shavings an
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|948 | 1.6| 5.0| 2.2| 0.4| 0.3| 0.4| 1.0| 0.4| 0.2 Sugar-beet Pomace |700 | 2.9| 11.4| 3.9| 0.9| 2.6| 0.7| 1.1| 0.4| 0.9 Clarifying Refuse |948 | 0.8| 3.3| 0.3| 0.1| 1.1| 0.2|
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of roots) | 19 | 0.24| 1.15|0.336|0.108|0.132|0.144 Pomace (15 per cent | | | | | | | of roots) | 46 | 0.44| 1.71|0.5
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by Growing, 133-163 ” Letting it Rot on the Surface as Manure, 134 ” Nitrogen as a Manure for, 141 ” Pastu
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uperphosphate of Lime, When First Made in the United States, 324 Surface Application of Manure, 70-268 Swamp-muck,
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con,” said he _quotation marks as in original (same speaker)_ carbonaceous matter and water, of little or no value?” _text has question mark after close quote_ It would be a very
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Errors and Anomalies noted by transcriber:
Close quotes have been supplied or deleted where unambiguous, and
paragraph-ending full stops (periods) have been silently supplied. No
other attempt was made to regularize quotation format or punctuation.
The Deacon, the Doctor, the Squire, Charlie
_the name is spelled “Charley” everywhere else_
it would seem desirable to apply the superphosphate
_text reads “superhosphate”_
wherever agri-_culture_ is practised.
_so in original_
Turning over, and fining a manure-heap
_word “fining” probably technical term, not error_
said the Doctor, “but value.” “Suppose, Deacon,” said he
_quotation marks as in original (same speaker)_
carbonaceous matter and water, of little or no value?”
_text has question mark after close quote_
It would be a very exceptional case.
_word “It” illegible_
“7. In the insoluble organic matters
_number 7 missing from original; adjacent paragraphs have 6 and 8_
would be reduced to 49.6-10 tons
_numeral format as in original: 49-6/10 or 49.6, though computed total
is 49.508_
Dr. Vœlcker draws the following conclusions
_text reads “Voelcker” with separate vowels_
It is high, rolling land, but needed underdraining.
_text reads “under / draining” at line break without hyphen_
“Why so?” asked the Deacon.
_text has question mark after close quote_
and consequently will ferment or putrefy much more rapidly
_text reads “putrify”_
crenic and apocrenic acids are produced
_text reads “aprocrenic”_
100 tons of hay lying dormant
_text reads “dorment”_
endeavor to persuade them to eat more
_text reads “persaude”_
when we draw deductions from the facts of the case
_text reads “the the case”_
and I think the mechanical condition of the land
_text reads “mechancial”_
”In 672 lbs. of clover-ash, we find:
_open quote missing_
Organic matter* ... 64.76
_text reads “Oganic”_
“Now,” said the Doctor, “... in the soil_.”
“There was more clover-roots per acre...
_unclear whether speaker is the same for both paragraphs (delete close
quote) or changes (from the Doctor to Harris)_
For the superphosphate of lime,
_text reads “superphoshate”_
Table VII.--Manures and Produce; 7th Season, 1849-50.
6b | .. | *00 | 200
_first digit of number is missing: probably “300”_
Even gold may be bought too dear.
_text reads “to dear”_
The value of quick-lime as a manure
_anomalous hyphen in original_
Table IV.--Offal Corn per Acre--lbs.
1 N. |}(94){|283 ‖109 ...
2 N. |} {|228 ‖286 ...
_double lines as printed: should be one year earlier?_ ]
cotton-seed-cake
_hyphenation as in original (two occurrences);
similarly “Beech-nut-cake”, “Palm-oil-cake” etc._
fish-scrap, woollen-rags, Peruvian guano
_hyphens as in original_
the plants / came up first, and exhibited a healthy, dark-green
_text reads “exhibted”_
for sugar-making purposes, or for fodder
_text reads “foddder”_
ruta-bagas
_hyphenation is standard for this text_
Isn’t it paying a little too much for the whistle?
_text reads “Is’nt”_
And this fact ought to be understood
_text reads “An this fact” with invisible “d”_
The plaintain, which I believe is sometimes sown
_spelling “plaintain” as in original_
... his book on Manure, “Praktische Düngerlehre,” Dr. Emil Wolff
_text reads “Wollf”_
[Index]
_Note that the Index uses short dashes where commas would be expected_
Crops Best to Apply Manure to
_“Crops” entries printed out of sequence, between “Corn” and “Cotton”_
Farm Dairy // Mr. Joseph O. Sheldon’s
_name in body text is James O. Sheldon_
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Talks on Manures A Series of Familiar and Practical Talks Between the Author and the Deacon, the Doctor, and Other Neighbors, on the Whole Subject
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